Chungseon of Goryeo (20 October 1275 – 23 June 1325) (r. 1298 and 1308 – 1313), born Wang Won (

Hangul The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The le ...

: 왕원,

Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, ...

: 王謜), later changed his name to Wang Jang (

: 왕장,

: 王璋), was the 26th ruler of the Goryeo Dynasty of

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

. He is sometimes known by his Mongolian name, Ijir Bukhqa (

: 익지례보화,

: 益知禮普花,

Romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, a ...

: ''Ikjiryebohwa''). Adept at calligraphy and painting, rather than politics, he generally preferred the life in Khanbaliq (the capital of the

Yuan Empire The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...

, present-day

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

) to that in Gaegyeong (the capital of Goryeo, present-day Kaesong). He was the eldest son of King Chungryeol; his mother was Queen Jangmok, a daughter of Kublai Khan, also known by her Mongolian name, Borjigin Qutlugh Kelmysh.

Biography

In 1277, King Chungseon was confirmed as Crown Prince; the following year he travelled to China and received his Mongolian name. In 1296, he married Borjigin Budashiri, a Yuan princess and great-granddaughter of Kublai Khan. However, he already had three Korean wives, who were daughters of the powerful nobles. King Chungseon's mother died in 1297, and this was followed by a violent purge brought on by allegations that she had been murdered. Perhaps upset by these events, King Chungnyeol petitioned Yuan to abdicate the throne and was accordingly replaced by his son in 1298. Faced with intense plotting between the faction of his Mongol Queen and his Korean wife, Royal Consort Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan, King Chungseon returned the throne to his father shortly thereafter. He received a new title, the ''Prince of Shenyang'',In English, the title ''wang'' (王) can be translated as both "prince" (秦王 or Prince of Qin,

Emperor Taizong of Tang Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 59810July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. He is traditionally regarded as a co-founder of the dynasty ...

's title until

Xuanwu Gate Incident The Xuanwu Gate Incident was a palace coup for the throne of the Tang dynasty on 2 July 626, when Prince Li Shimin (Prince of Qin) and his followers assassinated Crown Prince Li Jiancheng and Prince Li Yuanji (Prince of Qi). Li Shimin, the seco ...

) and "king" (魏王 or King of Wei, Cao Cao's title at the time of his death).瀋陽王 (

Simplified Chinese Simplification, Simplify, or Simplified may refer to: Mathematics Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one, that is simpler (usually shorter), for example * Simplification of algebraic expressions, ...

: 沈阳王,

Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally writte ...

: Shěnyáng Wáng;

: 심양왕,

Revised Romanization Revised Romanization of Korean () is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to the public on 7 July 2000 by South Korea's Min ...

: Simyang Wang). in 1307According to the ''

History of Yuan The ''History of Yuan'' (''Yuán Shǐ''), also known as the ''Yuanshi'', is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the ''Twenty-Four Histories'' of China. Commissioned by the court of the Ming dynasty, in accordance to political ...

'' (specifically, ). or 1308.According to '' Goryeosa'' (specifically, ). After his father's death in 1308, King Chungseon was obliged to return to the throne of Goryeo and made efforts to reform court politics, but spent as much time as possible in China. In 1310, his Chinese title was changed to ''Prince of Shen''.瀋王(

: 沈王,

: Shěn Wáng;

: 심왕,

: Sim Wang). He is a very rare case of

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...

s in

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both Geography, geographical and culture, ethno-cultural terms. The modern State (polity), states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. ...

. He retired from the throne in 1313, and was replaced by his son, Wang Do. After the death of

Emperor Renzong of Yuan Buyantu Khan ( Mongolian: Буянт хаан; Mongolian script: ; ), born Ayurbarwada (Mongolian: Аюурбарбад ; ), also known by the temple name Renzong (Emperor Renzong of Yuan ( Chinese: 元仁宗, April 9, 1285 – March 1, 1320), was ...

(元仁宗), King Chungseon was briefly sent into exile to

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Taman ...

(lately

Sakya The ''Sakya'' (, 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu. Origins Virūpa, 16th century. It depic ...

), but was permitted to return to Khanbaliq soon thereafter, where he died in 1325.

Family

*Father: Chungnyeol of Goryeo (고려 충렬) (1236 – 1308) **Grandfather: Wonjong of Goryeo (고려 원종) (1219 – 1274) **Grandmother: Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan (정순왕후 경주 김씨) (1222 – 1237) *Mother: Queen Jangmok of the Yuan Borjigin clan (장목왕후 패아지근씨) (1251 – 1297) **Grandfather: Kublai Khan of Yuan (쿠빌라이 칸) (1215 – 1294) **Grandmother: Chabi Khatun of Yuan (차비 카툰) (1216-1281) *Consorts and their respective issue: # Borjigin Budashiri, Princess Supreme of Gye State (보르지긴 부다시리 계국대장공주) (d. 1315) – No issue. # Yasokjin, Royal Consort Ui (야속진 의비) (d. 1316) ## Wang Gam, Prince Gwangneung (왕감 광릉군) ## Wang Do, Chungsuk of Goryeo (왕도 고려 충숙) # Royal Consort Jeong of the Kaeseong Wang clan (정비 개성 왕씨) (d. 1345)Fourth cousin-once-removed. – No issue. # Royal Consort Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (조비 풍양 조씨) – No issue. # Lady Sunhwa, Royal Consort Won of the Namyang Hong clan (순화원비 남양 홍씨) (d. 1306) – No issue. # Royal Consort Sun of the Yangcheon Heo clan (순비 양천 허씨) (1271 – 1335) – No issue. # Royal Consort Suk of the Eonyang Kim clan (숙비 언양 김씨) – No issue. #Unknown ## Wang Hye, Prince Deokheung (덕흥군 왕혜) ##

Princess Suchun Princess Suchun (died 1345) was the only daughter of King Chungseon of Goryeo. Since her mother was unknown, it was speculated that she was a maid/low-born woman. When the King stayed in Yeongyeong, Yuan dynasty, he summoned Heo-Jong (허종) and ...

(수춘옹주)

Ancestry

Popular culture

*Portrayed by

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in the 2012 SBS TV series ''

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''. *Portrayed by

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and

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in the 2017 MBC TV series ''

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''.

Notes

References

External links

''A Study on Relations between Koryo's Policy towards Yuan and Costume Policy under Yuan's Interference''
(Author: Ahn, Jeong-hee) (Didital Collection, Donga University, South Korea) {{DEFAULTSORT:King Chungseon Of Goryeo 1275 births 1325 deaths 13th-century monarchs in Asia 13th-century Korean monarchs 14th-century Korean monarchs