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The Cambridge Intelligence Seminar, chaired by Andrew (and founded by his late mentor
Journal of Intelligence and Terrorism Studies
'. In February 2003, Andrew accepted the post of official historian for the Security Service
"Just How Intelligent?"
''The Guardian'', Persistent, if unfounded, rumours that Andrew was "MI5's main recruiter in Cambridge" have done little to quieten critics. Andrew's response to the criticisms has been that he cannot afford to be biased towards the service. He said: "Posterity and postgraduates are breathing down my neck".
Christopher Maurice Andrew, (born 23 July 1941) is an Emeritus Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at the
radio and TV documentaries, including the University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world's third oldest surviving university and one of its most pr ...
with an interest in international relations and in particular the history of intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. More generally, it can be des ...
services.
Andrew is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History, former Chair of the History Faculty at Cambridge University
The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by Henry III of England, Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the world' ...
, Official Historian of the Security Service (MI5), Honorary Air Commodore of 7006 (VR) Intelligence Squadron in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, Chairman of the Cambridge Intelligence Seminar, and former Visiting Professor at Harvard, Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anch ...
and Canberra. Andrew served as co-editor of ''Intelligence and National Security'', and a presenter of BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...Radio Four
BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC that replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. It broadcasts a wide variety of Talk radio, spoken-word programmes, including news, drama, comedy, science and history fro ...
series ''What If?''. His twelve previous books include a number of studies on the use and abuse of secret intelligence in modern history.
Life
He is currently a governor ofNorwich School
Norwich School (formally King Edward VI Grammar School, Norwich) is a selective English independent day school in the close of Norwich Cathedral, Norwich. Among the oldest schools in the United Kingdom, it has a traceable history to 1096 as a ...
where in the 1950s he was a pupil, and has recently retired from his post as President of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Andrew studied under the historian and wartime cryptanalyst
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek ''kryptós'', "hidden", and ''analýein'', "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic sec ...
Sir Harry Hinsley
Sir Francis Harry Hinsley, (26 November 1918 – 16 February 1998) was an English historian and cryptanalyst. He worked at Bletchley Park during the Second World War and wrote widely on the history of international relations and British Int ...
, in common with fellow historian Peter Hennessy
Peter John Hennessy, Baron Hennessy of Nympsfield, (born 28 March 1947) is an English historian and academic specialising in the history of government. Since 1992, he has been Attlee Professor of Contemporary British History at Queen Mary Unive ...
. Former students of Andrew – including Peter Jackson, Tim Edwards, David Gioe, Larry Valero, and Wesley Wark – now staff the intelligence studies and intelligence history posts in universities around the English-speaking world
Speakers of English are also known as Anglophones, and the countries where English is natively spoken by the majority of the population are termed the '' Anglosphere''. Over two billion people speak English , making English the largest langua ...
, while many others – such as Thomas Maguire and Christian Schlaepfer – continue to work in intelligence related positions in both government and private industry.
Andrew produced two studies in collaboration with two defectors and former KGB
The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...
officers, Oleg Gordievsky
Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky, CMG (; born 10 October 1938) is a former colonel of the KGB who became KGB resident-designate (''rezident'') and bureau chief in London, and was a double agent, providing information to the British Secret Intelli ...
and Vasili Mitrokhin
Vasili Nikitich Mitrokhin (russian: link=no, Васи́лий Ники́тич Митро́хин; March 3, 1922 – January 23, 2004) was a major and senior archivist for the Soviet Union's foreign intelligence service, the First Chief Di ...
. The first of these works, '' KGB: The Inside Story'' was a scholarly work on the history of KGB actions against Western governments produced from archival and open sources, with the critical addition of information from the KGB defector Gordievsky. His two most detailed works about the KGB were produced in collaboration with KGB defector and archivist Vassili Mitrokhin, who over the course of several years recopied vast numbers of KGB archive documents as they were being moved for long storage. Exfiltrated by the Secret Intelligence Service in 1992, Mitrokhin and his documents were made available to Andrew after an initial and thorough review by the security services. Both volumes, 1999's ''The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB'' and the 2005 edition ''The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World'' (both volumes simply titled ''The Mitrokhin Archive
The "Mitrokhin Archive" is a collection of handwritten notes which were secretly made by the KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin during the thirty years in which he served as a KGB archivist in the foreign intelligence service and the First Chief Dir ...
'' in UK publication) resulted in some public scandal as they revealed the names of former KGB agents and collaborators in government, industry and private life around the world. A revelation in 1999 was that Melita Norwood
Melita Stedman Norwood (née Sirnis; 25 March 1912 – 2 June 2005) was a British civil servant, Communist Party of Great Britain member and KGB spy.
Born to a British mother and Latvian father, Norwood is most famous for supplying the Sovie ...
, by then long retired, had passed information about the development of nuclear weapons and other intelligence to the KGB for several decades.
The Cambridge Intelligence Seminar, chaired by Andrew (and founded by his late mentor Harry Hinsley
Sir Francis Harry Hinsley, (26 November 1918 – 16 February 1998) was an English historian and cryptanalyst. He worked at Bletchley Park during the Second World War and wrote widely on the history of international relations and British Int ...
), convenes regularly at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Active and former senior members of various intelligence services around the world participate in the discussions, with most participants made up of Andrew's graduate students, fellow historians and other academics. At these meetings, detailed analysis of various past and present intelligence affairs is discussed under the Chatham House Rule
Under the Chatham House Rule, anyone who comes to a meeting is free to use information from the discussion, but is not allowed to reveal who made any particular comment. It is designed to increase openness of discussion. The rule is a system for h ...
, with the confidence that it will not be attributed to a person or organisation. Andrew is on the editorial board of Journal of Intelligence and Terrorism Studies
'. In February 2003, Andrew accepted the post of official historian for the Security Service
MI5
The Security Service, also known as MI5 ( Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), G ...
, to write an official history of the service due for its centenary in 2009. The appointment, which entailed Andrew's enrolment into the Security Service, was criticised by some historians and commentators, that he was too close to MI5 to be impartial and that his link with the Service (formalised with his privileged access to the defectors Gordievsky and Mitrokhin) made him a "court historian", instead of an objective scholar.Walker, David (18 February 2003"Just How Intelligent?"
''The Guardian'', Persistent, if unfounded, rumours that Andrew was "MI5's main recruiter in Cambridge" have done little to quieten critics. Andrew's response to the criticisms has been that he cannot afford to be biased towards the service. He said: "Posterity and postgraduates are breathing down my neck".
Honours, decorations, awards and distinctions
* Fellow of theRoyal Historical Society
The Royal Historical Society, founded in 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history.
Origins
The society was founded and received its royal charter in 1868. Until 1872 it was known as the Histori ...
* Chair of the British Intelligence Study Group
* Co-founding editor of ''Intelligence and National Security
''Intelligence and National Security'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal focused on the role of intelligence in international relations and politics. The journal was established in 1986 by Christopher Andrew and Michael I. Handel as the first ...
''
* Honorary doctorate in strategic intelligence from the US National Defense University
The National Defense University (NDU) is an institution of higher education funded by the United States Department of Defense, intended to facilitate high-level education, training, and professional development of national security leaders. As ...
Select bibliography
* ''Théophile Delcassé and the Making of the Entente Cordiale'' (1968) * ''France Overseas: The Great War and the Climax of French Imperial Expansion'' (1981) (with A.S. Kanya-Forstner) * ''The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century'' (1984) (with David Dilks) * ''Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community'' (1985) * '' Her Majesty's Secret Service:The Making of the British Intelligence Community'' (American Edition 1986,1987) * ''Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence'' (1986) * ''Intelligence and International Relations 1900–1945'' (1987) (with Jeremy Noakes) * ''KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev'' (1990) (with Oleg Gordievsky) * ''Instructions from The Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations 1975–1985'' (1991) (published in the USA as: ''Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions'') (with Oleg Gordievsky) * ''More Instructions from The Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Global Operations 1975–1985'' (1992) (with Oleg Gordievsky) * ''Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975–1985'' (1994) * ''For The President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush'' (1995) * ''Eternal Vigilance? Fifty Years of the CIA'' (1997) (with Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones) * * ''The Mitrokhin Archive. Vol. II: The KGB and the World'' (2005) (with Vasili Mitrokhin) * '' The Defence of the Realm: The Authorised History of MI5'' (2009) * ''The Secret World: A History of Intelligence'' (2018)References
External links
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Andrew, Christopher 1941 births Living people Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge British historians of espionage Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Fellows of the Royal Historical Society Honorary air commodores Members of the University of Cambridge faculty of history People educated at Norwich School