Cesare Pugni (; russian: Цезарь Пуни, Cezar' Puni; 31 May 1802 in

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

– ) was an Italian composer of ballet music, a pianist and a violinist. In his early career he composed operas,

symphonies A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning co ...

, and various other forms of orchestral music. Pugni is most noted for the ballets he composed for Her Majesty's Theatre in London (1843–1850), and for the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Russia (1850–1870). The majority of his ballet music was composed for the works of the ballet master Jules Perrot, who mounted nearly every one of his ballets to scores by Pugni. In 1850 Perrot departed London for Russia, having accepted the position of ''Premier maître de ballet'' of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres at the behest of Carlotta Grisi, who was engaged as ''Prima ballerina''. Cesare Pugni followed Perrot and Grisi to Russia, and remained in the imperial capital even after Grisi's departure in 1853 and Perrot's departure in 1858. Pugni went on to compose for Perrot's successors

Arthur Saint-Léon Arthur Saint-Léon (17 September 1821, in Paris – 2 September 1870) was the '' Maître de Ballet'' of St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869 and is famous for creating the choreography of the ballet ''Coppélia''. Biography He was ...

and

Marius Petipa Marius Ivanovich Petipa (russian: Мариус Иванович Петипа), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818), was a French ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is one of the most influential ballet masters an ...

, serving as the Imperial Theatre's official composer of ballet music until his death in 1870. He was also the grandfather of Russian painter Ivan Puni, also known as Iwan Puni and Jean Pougny. Cesare Pugni was one of the most prolific composers of ballet music, having composed close to 100 known original scores for the ballet and adapting or supplementing many other works. He composed myriad incidental dances such as

divertissement ''Divertissement'' (from the French 'diversion' or 'amusement') is used, in a similar sense to the Italian ' divertimento', for a light piece of music for a small group of players, however the French term has additional meanings. During the 17th an ...

s and

variations Variation or Variations may refer to: Science and mathematics * Variation (astronomy), any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite, particularly of the moon * Genetic variation, the difference in DNA among individua ...

, many of which were added to countless other works. Of Pugni's original scores for the ballet, he is best known today for ''Ondine, ou La Naïade'', (also known as ''La Naïade et le pêcheur'') (1843); '' La Esmeralda'' (1844); '' Catarina, ou La Fille du Bandit'' (1846); '' The Pharaoh's Daughter'' (1862); and '' The Little Humpbacked Horse'' (1864). Of his incidental dances, etc., he is most noted for the ''Pas de Six'' from ''La Vivandière'' (also known as ''Markitenka'') (1844); the ''

Pas de Quatre ''Grand Pas de Quatre'' is a ''ballet divertissement'' choreographed by Jules Perrot in 1845, on the suggestion of Benjamin Lumley, Director at Her Majesty's Theatre, to music composed by Cesare Pugni. On the night it premiered in London (12 Jul ...

'' (1845); ''La Carnival de Venise pas de deux'' (also known as ''Satanella pas de deux'') (1859); the '' Diane and Actéon Pas de Deux'' (1868); and his additional music for the ballet '' Le Corsaire'' (1863 and 1868).

Ballets

La Scala, Milan

*''Il Castello di Kenilworth''. Choreography by

Gaetano Gioja Gaetano (anglicized '' Cajetan'') is an Italian masculine given name. It is also used as a surname. It is derived from the Latin ''Caietanus'', meaning "from ''Caieta''" (the modern Gaeta). The given name has been in use in Italy since medieval ...

. 26 April 1825. *''Elerz e Zulmida''. Choreography by Louis Henri. 6 May 1826. *''L'Assedio di Calais''. Choreography by L. Henri. 15 February 1827. *''Pelia e Mileto''. Choreography by

Salvatore Taglioni Salvatore may refer to: * Salvatore (name), a given name and surname, including a list of people with the name * "Salvatore" (song), by Lana Del Rey, 2015 * Salvatore (band), a Norwegian instrumental rock band * '' Salvatore: Shoemaker of Dreams' ...

. 28 May 1827. *''Don Eutichio della Castagna, ossia La Casa disabitata''. Choreography by S. Taglioni. 16 August 1827. *''Agamennone''. Choreography by

Giovanni Galzerani Giovanni Galzerani (c. 1789 - after 1853) was an Italian choreographer, ballet dancer, and composer who was active in major theatres throughout Italy from 1808 to 1853. He was born in Porto Azzurro on the Isle of Elba and began his education i ...

. 1 September 1828. *''Adelaide di Francia''. Choreography by L. Henri. 26 December 1829. *''Macbeth''. Choreography by L. Henri. 20 February 1830. *''William Tell''. Choreography by L. Henri. 20 February 1833. *''Monsieur de Chalumeaux''. Choreography by G. Galzerani. 14 January 1834.

Her Majesty's Theatre, London

*''L'Aurore''. Choreography by Jules Perrot. 11 March 1843. *''Les Houris''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 27 April 1843. *'' Ondine, ou la Naïade''. Choreography by J. Perrot and Fanny Cerrito (for the ''Pas de six''). 22 June 1843. *''Hamlet''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1843 – never premiered. *''Le Délire d'un peintre''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 3 August 1843. *'' La Esmeralda''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 9 March 1844. *''Myrtelde, ou La Nymphe et le papillon''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1844 – never premiered. *''La Polka'' (incidental dance). Choreography by J. Perrot. 11 April 1844. *''

La Vivandière LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second largest city in the United States. La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * La (musical note), or A, the sixth note * "L.A.", a song by Elliott Smith on ''Figure ...

''. Choreography by

. 23 May 1844. *''Zélia, or La Nymphe de Diane''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 25 June 1844. *''La Paysanne Grande Dame''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 25 July 1844. *''Jeanne d'Arc''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1844 – never premiered. *''Éoline, ou La Dryade''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 8 March 1845. *''Kaya, ou L'amour voyageur''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 17 April 1845. *''La Bacchante''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1 May 1845. *''Rosida, ou Les Mines de Syracuse''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon and F. Cerrito. 29 May 1845. *''

'' (divertissement). Choreography by J. Perrot. 12 July 1845. *''Diane''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 24 July 1845. *'' Catarina, or La Fille du Bandit''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 3 March 1846. *''Lalla Rookh''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 11 June 1846. The music for the second and third tableaux contained passages based on Félicien David's 1844 symphonic ode '' Le désert''. *''Le Jugement de Paris''. Choreography by Perrot. 23 July 1846. *''Coralia, ou Le Chevalier inconstant''. Choreography by Paul Taglioni. 16 February 1847. *''Méphistophéla''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 1847 – never premiered. *''Théa, ou Le Fée aux fleurs''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 18 March 1847. *''Orinthia, ou Le Camp des Amazones''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 15 April 1847. *''Les Eléments''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 26 June 1847. Music composed jointly with Giovanni Bajetti. *''Fiorita et la Reine des elfrides''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 19 February 1848. *''Les Quatre saisons''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 13 June 1848. *''Electra, ou La Pléiade perdue''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 17 April 1849. *''La Prima Ballerina, ou L'embuscade''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 14 June 1849. *''Les Plaisirs de l'hiver, ou Les Patineurs''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 5 July 1848. *''Les Métamorphoses'' (also known as ''Satanella''). Choreography by P. Taglioni. 12 March 1850. *''Les Graces''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 2 May 1850. *''Les Délices du sérail''. Choreography by Louis François Gosselin. 15 July 1850.

The Paris Opéra

*'' La Fille de marbre'' (Paris production of Perrot's ''Alma''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Michael Costa, adapted by Pugni. 20 October 1847. *''

'' (revival). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon, with Pugni adapting his original score. 20 October 1848. *''Le Violon du diable'' (new version of Saint-Léon's ''Tartini il Violinista'', originally staged for the

Teatro La Fenice Teatro La Fenice (, "The Phoenix") is an opera house in Venice, Italy. It is one of "the most famous and renowned landmarks in the history of Italian theatre" and in the history of opera as a whole. Especially in the 19th century, La Fenice ...

in Venice on 29 February 1848 with music Giovanni Felis with Saint-Léon composing the violin solos). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon, with Pugni adapting Felis and Saint-Léon's score. 19 January 1849. *''Stella, ou Les Contrebandiers''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. 22 February 1850. *'' Le Marché des Innocents'' (Paris production of ''Le Marché des parisien''). Choreography by Marius Petipa and Lucien Petipa. 29 May 1861. *''Diavolina'' (Paris production of ''Graziela, ou Les Dépits amoureux''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. 6 July 1863. Pugni utilized a suite of traditional Neapolitan airs called ''Passatempi Musicali'' for this score, as well as the ''Chasse aux Hirondelles'' by composer Maximilien Graziani.

Works for other theatres

*''Le Fucine di Norvegia'' (5 acts). Choreography by Giacomo Piglia.

Teatro Ducale Teatro Regio di Parma, originally constructed as the Nuovo Teatro Ducale (New Ducal Theatre),Martini, "Before the Teatro Regio", pp. 56 is an opera house and opera company in Parma, Italy. Replacing an obsolete house, the new Ducale achieved ...

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second m ...

. 26 December 1826. *''La Dernière heure d'un condamné''. Choreography by L. Henry. Théâtre Nautique, Paris. Circa 1834–1835. *''La Ricompensa dell'amore spontaneo''. Choreography by G. Galzerani. Theatre unknown, Paris. C. 1830–1835. *''Liacone''. Choreography by L. Henry. Teatro di San Carlo,

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...

. 4 September 1836. *''Don Zeffiro''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Théâtre Italien, Paris. 26 April 1865. *''Gli Elementi''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Théâtre Italien, Paris. 19 February 1866.

Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*''La Guerre des femmes, ou Les Amazons du neuvième siecle''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Gazelda, ou Les Tziganes''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Marcobomba'' (also known as ''El Marcobomba''). Choreography by J. Perrot, M. Petipa and J. Petipa. . *''Armida''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''La Débutante''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . Pugni arranged this score from airs taken from his 1850 adaptation of Adolphe Adam's score for Perrot's ''La Filleule des fées'' (staged in St. Petersburg as ''L'Elève des fées'' in 1850), and his 1852 adaptation of Edouard Deldevez and Jean-Baptiste Tolbecque's score for Mazilier's ''Vert-Vert''. *''La Petite marchande de bouquets''. Choreography by J. Perrot and M. Petipa. . *''L'Ile des muets''. Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Pugni and Théodore Labarre. . *'' Un Mariage sous la Régence''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *''Le Marché des parisien'' (also known as ''Le Marché des innocents''). Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Le Dahlia bleu''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *''Graziela, ou Les Dépits amoureux'' (also known as ''Graziella, ou la Querelle amoureuse''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . Pugni utilized a suite of traditional Neapolitan airs called ''Passatempi Musicali'' for this score, as well as the ''Chasse aux Hirondelles'', all originally written by the composer Maximilien Graziani. *''Les Nymphes et le satyre''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . *'' The Pharaoh's Daughter''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' La Belle du Liban, ou L'Esprit des montagnes''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' The Little Humpbacked Horse'' (also known as ''La Tsar-Demoiselle''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . *''

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and ...

''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Le Roi Candaule'' (also known as ''Tsar Kandavl'' in Russian). Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Les Deux étoiles'' (also known as ''Les étoiles'' or ''Les Deux petites étoiles''). Choreography by M. Petipa. .

Other venues in Russia

*'' L'Étoile de Grenade''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Palace of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. . *'' Terpsichore''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Imperial Theatre of Tsarskoye Selo. . *'' Titania''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Palace of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. . *'' L'Amour bienfaiteur''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Theatre of the Imperial Ballet School. . *'' L'Esclave''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Imperial Theatre of the Hermitage. .

Expanded editions of his own work for the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*''Le rêve du peintre'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Délire d'un peintre''). Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''La Esmeralda''. Choreography by J. Perrot,

and F. Elssler. . *''La Naïade et le pêcheur'' (St. Petersburg production of Ondine, ou La naïade''). Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Le Jugement de Paris''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Markitenka'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Vivandière''). Choreography by J. Perrot after A. Saint-Léon. . *''La Fille de marbre'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Alma''). Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by M. Costa. . *''Éoline, ou la Dryade''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *'' La Danseuse en voyage'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Prima Ballerina, ou L'embuscade''). Choreography by Marius Petipa. .

Adaptations of scores by other composers for the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*'' Léda, ou la Laitière Suisse''. Choreography by J. Perrot, M. Petipa and Jean Petipa after Filippo Taglioni. Music by

Adalbert Gyrowetz Vojtěch Matyáš Jírovec (Adalbert Gyrowetz) (20 February 1763 – 19 March 1850) was a Bohemian composer. He mainly wrote instrumental works, with a great production of string quartets and symphonies; his operas and singspiele numbered m ...

and Michele Carafa. . *''L'Élève des fées'' (revival of ''La Filleule des fées''). Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Adolphe Adam and Clémence, Comte de Saint-Julien. . *'' La Femme capricieuse'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Diable à Quatre''). Choreography by J. Perrot after J. Mazilier. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''La Belle flamande'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Jolie Fille du Gand''). Choreography by J. Mazilier after Albert Decombe. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''Vert-Vert''. Choreography by Joseph Mazilier. Music by Edouard Deldevez and Jean-Baptiste Tolbecque. . *''Faust''. Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Giacomo Panizza. . *'' Le Corsaire''. Choreography by J. Perrot and M. Petipa after J. Mazilier. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''Robert et Bertrand, ou Les Deux voleurs''. Choreography by Felix Kschessinsky after François Hoguet. Music by Herman Schmidt. . *''Jovita, ou Les Boucaniers mexicains''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon after J. Mazilier. Music by Théodore Labarre. . *''Saltarello, ou La Dansomanie''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Arthur Saint-Léon. . *'' La Somnambule, ou L'Arrivée d'un nouveau seigneur''. Choreography by M. Petipa after

Jean-Pierre Aumer Jean-Louis Aumer (21 April 1774 – 6 July 1833), also referred to as Jean-Pierre Aumer, was a French ballet dancer and choreographer. Early life and career as a dancer Aumer was born in Strasbourg of a manual labourer and non-theatrical parents ...

. Music by Ferdinand Hérold. . *''

Pâquerette ''Pâquerette'' is a ballet in three acts, with choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon and music by François Benoist. The ballet was first presented by the Ballet of the Académie Royale de Musique on January 15, 1851 in Paris, France, with Fanny ...

''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by

François Benoist François Benoist (10 September 1794 – 6 May 1878) was a French organist, composer, and pedagogue. Benoist was born in Nantes. He took his first music lessons under Georges Scheuermann. Benoist studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris and ...

. . *''La Perle de Séville''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Santos Pinto. . *''Météora, ou Les Étoiles de Grandville''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Santos Pinto. . *''Théolinda l'orpheline'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Lutin de la vallée'') Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by

Eugène Gautier Eugène Gautier (27 February 1822 in Vaugirard (then a suburb of Paris) – 1 April 1878 in Paris) was a French classical violinist and composer. He was a teacher of history of music Although definitions of music vary wildly throughout the ...

. . *'' Satanella'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Diable amoureux''). Choreography by M. Petipa after Joseph Mazilier. Music by Napoléon Henri Reber and

. . *''La Basilic''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Massimiliano Graziani. .

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Pugni, Cesare 1802 births 1870 deaths 19th-century classical composers 19th-century Italian male musicians Saint Petersburg Conservatory academic personnel Italian ballet composers Italian classical composers Italian male classical composers Italian Romantic composers Musicians from Genoa Russian ballet