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Ceramic building material, often abbreviated to CBM, is an
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''Current Archaeology'' Archaeological Ceramic Building Materials Group
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ceramic Building Material Archaeological artefact types Ceramic materials Soil-based building materials Bricks
umbrella term
In linguistics, semantics, general semantics, and ontologies, hyponymy () is a semantic relation between a hyponym denoting a subtype and a hypernym or hyperonym (sometimes called umbrella term or blanket term) denoting a supertype. In other wor ...
used in archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landsca ...
to cover all building materials made from baked clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4).
Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...
. It is particularly, but not exclusively, used in relation to Roman building material
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-ma ...
s.
It is a useful and necessary term because, especially when initially found in archaeological excavation, it may be difficult to distinguish, for example, fragments of bricks from fragments of roofing or flooring tiles. However, ceramic building materials are usually readily distinguishable from fragments of ceramic pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...
by their rougher finish.
See also
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Further reading
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''Current Archaeology'' Archaeological Ceramic Building Materials Group
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ceramic Building Material Archaeological artefact types Ceramic materials Soil-based building materials Bricks