Centromere-associated protein E is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in
humans
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...
is encoded by the ''CENPE''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
Centromere
The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers ...
-associated protein E is a
kinesin
A kinesin is a protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells.
Kinesins move along microtubule (MT) filaments and are powered by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (thus kinesins are ATPases, a type of enzy ...
-like
motor protein that accumulates in the
G2 phase
G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G2 phase ends with the ...
of the cell cycle. Unlike other centromere-associated proteins, it is not present during
interphase
Interphase is the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by visible changes under the microscope, and includes the G1, S and G2 phases. During interphase, the cell grows (G1), replicates its DNA (S) and prepares for mitosis (G2). A c ...
and first appears at the centromere region of chromosomes during
prometaphase
Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase, in eukaryote, eukaryotic Somatic (biology), somatic Cell (biology), cells. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles", ...
. CENPE is proposed to be one of the motors responsible for mammalian chromosome movement and/or spindle elongation.
Clinical significance
Mutations in ''CENPE'' result in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 13, which includes skeletal abnormalities and immunodeficiency.
See also
* ''
CENPF
Centromere protein F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CENPF'' gene. It is involved in chromosome segregation during cell division. It also has a role in the orientation of microtubules to form cellular cilia.
Function
CENPF is pa ...
''
*''
CENPJ''
* ''
CENPT
Centromere protein T is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CENPT'' gene.
Clinical significance
Mutations in ''CENPT'' cause an autosomal recessive syndrome of microcephaly, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, underdeveloped genital ...
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References
Further reading
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