The All-Union Central Executive Committee (russian: Всесоюзный Центральный исполнительный комитет, Vsesoyuznyy Tsentral'nyy ispolnitel'nyy komitet) was the most authoritative governing body of the

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nati ...

during the interims of the sessions of the

All-Union Congress of Soviets The All-Union Congress of Soviets (russian: Всесоюзный съезд Советов), was the formal governing body of the Soviet Union from its formation (30 December 1922) until the adoption of its second constitution. The Congress o ...

. Established in 1922 by the First All-Union Congress of Soviets (see

Treaty on the Creation of the USSR hy, ԽՍՀՄ ձեւավորման մասին պայմանագիր az, SSRİ-nin formalaşması haqqında müqavilə ka, ხელშეკრულება სსრკ-ს ფორმირების შესახებ , image ...

), in 1938 it was replaced by the

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (russian: Президиум Верховного Совета, Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta) was a body of state power in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs were created in 1936 and did not have representatives in the Committee, as it dissolved just two years later.

Description

The Central Executive Committee was created with adoption of the

in December of 1922. The Central Executive Committee was elected by the Congress of Soviet to govern on its behalf whenever the Congress of Soviets was not in session. The Central Executive Committee was convened by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, which was elected by the Central Executive Committee to govern on its behalf whenever it was not in session. By the 1924 Soviet Constitution, the Central Executive Committee comprised two chambers: the Soviet of the Union (delegates elected broadly) and the Soviet of Nationalities (delegates elected regionally). At the constituent republic level there operated a Central Executive Committee in each of the federal republics: * the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the RSFSR * the All-Byelorussian Central Executive Committee in the Byelorussian SSR * the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

* the All-Caucasian Central Executive Committee of the Transacaucasian SFSR

Leadership

Chairmen

The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee consisted of 21 members and included the Presidia of the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities. A representative of each constituent republic (initially four) was elected one of the directors of the presidium. *

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...

: Mikhail Kalinin (December 30, 1922 – January 12, 1938) *

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic ( uk, Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, ; russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респ ...

Grigory Petrovsky Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Петро́вский, uk, Григо́рій Іва́нович Петро́вський, translit=Hryhorii Ivanovych Petrovskyi) (3 February 1878 - 9 January 1958) wa ...

(December 30, 1922 – January 12, 1938) * Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: Alexander Chervyakov (December 30, 1922 – June 16, 1937) *

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , conventional_long_name = Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , common_name = Transcaucasian SFSR , p1 = Armenian Soviet Socialist RepublicArmenian SSR , flag_p1 = Flag of SSRA ...

: ** Nariman Narimanov (December 30, 1922 – March 19, 1925) ** Gazanfar Musabekov (May 21, 1925 – June 1937) As more entities (usually previously Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics) were promoted to the status of constituent republics of the USSR, they received representation among the directors of the Presidium: * Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1924): Fayzulla Khodzhayev (May 21, 1925 – June 17, 1937) * Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1925): Nedirbay Aytakov (May 21, 1925 – 21 July 1937) * Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1929): ** Nusratullo Maksum (March 18, 1931 – January 4, 1934) ** Abdullo Rakhimbayev (January 4, 1934 – September 1937)

Presidium secretaries

* 1922–1935

Avel Yenukidze Avel Safronovich Yenukidze ( ka, აბელ ენუქიძე, ''Abel Enukidze'', ; russian: А́вель Сафронович Енуки́дзе; – 30 October 1937) was a prominent Georgian "Old Bolshevik" and, at one point, a member of ...

* 1935–1937 Ivan Akulov * 1937–1938 Aleksandr Gorkin

Soviet of the Union chairmen

Soviet of Nationalities chairmen

* Mykola Skrypnyk

Powers

The 1924 Soviet Constitution defined the powers of the CEC as: * Calling of the Congresses of Soviets * Election of the

Council of the People's Commissars The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of ...

(Sovnarkom) * Adoption of decrees and legislative acts * Legislative and administrative actions assigned to it

Notes

References

{{Reflist

External links

The highest organs of state power of the USSR (Высшие органы государственной власти СССР)
Government of the Soviet Union Defunct bicameral legislatures 1922 establishments in the Soviet Union 1938 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Collective heads of state