Rapaninae is a subfamily of

predatory Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...

sea

snails A snail is, in loose terms, a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastro ...

, marine gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With about 1,600 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neoga ...

.Houart, R. (2011). Rapaninae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196295 on 2011-03-01 This subfamily was known as Thaidinae until 1993.

Shell description

The shells of

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

in this subfamily typically do not have a

varix A varix (pl. varices) is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur in arterial or lymphatic vessels. Examples of varices include: * Varicose veins, large tortuous veins usua ...

, but strong axial

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...

is often present.

Genera

Genera within the subfamily Rapaninae include: * '' Acanthais'' Vermeij & Kool, 1994 * '' Agnewia'' Woods, 1878 * '' Concholepas''

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

, 1801 * '' Cymia'' Mörch, 1860 * '' Dicathais'' Iredale, 1936 * ''

Drupa The drupa is the largest printing equipment exhibition in the world, held every four years by Messe Düsseldorf in Düsseldorf, Germany. The word drupa is a portmanteau of the German words druck und papier; ''print'' and ''paper'' respectively. ...

'' Röding, 1798 * '' Drupina'' Dall, 1923 * † '' Ecphora'' Conrad, 1843 * '' Indothais'' Claremont, Vermeij, Williams & Reid, 2013 * '' Jopas'' F. C. Baker, 1895 * '' Mancinella'' Link, 1807 * '' Menathais'' Iredale, 1937 * ''

Nassa Nassa may refer to: * Nassa, Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant * Nassa (gastropod) * NASSA, Negro American Space Society of Astronauts, a fictitious organization from the mockumentary The Old Negro Space Program ''The Old ...

'' Röding, 1798 * '' Neorapana''

Cooke Cooke is a surname derived from the occupation of cook. Notable people with the surname include: * Alexander Cooke (died 1614), English actor * Alfred Tyrone Cooke, of the Indo-Pakistani wars * Alistair Cooke KBE (1908–2004), British-American j ...

, 1918 * '' Neothais'' Iredale, 1912 * '' Phycothais'' Tan, 2003 * '' Pinaxia'' Adams & Adams, 1853 * ''

Plicopurpura ''Plicopurpura'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Species Species within the genus ''Plicopurpura'' include: * '' Plicopurpura columellaris'' (Lamarck, 1816) * '' Pli ...

Cossmann Cossmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Bernhard Cossmann (1822–1910), German cellist *Maurice Cossmann (1850–1924), French paleontologist and malacologist *Paul Nikolaus Cossmann (1869-1942), German journalist, ...

, 1903 * ''

Purpura Purpura () is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, vascular disorders, coagulation disorders, ...

'' Bruguière, 1789 * '' Rapana'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Reishia''

Kuroda Kuroda (written: lit. "black ricefield") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese painter * Akinobu Kuroda 黒田明伸, Japanese historian * Chris Kuroda, lighting designer and operator for the band Phish and J ...

& Habe, 1971 * '' Ricinella'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Semiricinula''

Martens A marten is a weasel-like mammal in the genus ''Martes'' within the subfamily Guloninae, in the family Mustelidae. They have bushy tails and large paws with partially retractile claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on ...

, 1903 * '' Stramonita'' Schumacher, 1817 * '' Taurasia'' Bellardi, 1882 * '' Thais'' Röding, 1798 * ''

Thaisella ''Thaisella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Thaisella'' Clench, 1947. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marines ...

'' Clench, 1947 * ''

Tribulus ''Tribulus'' is a genus of plants in the family Zygophyllaceae and found in diverse climates and soils worldwide from latitudes 35°S to 47°N. The best-known member is '' T. terrestris'' (puncture vine), a widespread invasive species and weed. ...

'' Adams & Adams, 1853 * '' Tylothais'' Houart, 2017 * ''

Vasula Vasula is a small borough (') in Tartu Parish, Tartu County, in southern Estonia. It's located about north of the centre of Tartu, the second largest city in Estonia. Vasula is situated on the left bank of the Amme river. As of 2011 Census, th ...

'' Mörch, 1860 * '' Vexilla'' Swainson, 1840 ; Genera brought into synonymy : * ''Canrena'' Link, 1807 : synonym of ''Drupa'' Röding, 1798 * ''Conchopatella'' Herrmannsen, 1847 : synonym of ''Concholepas''

, 1801 * ''Conchulus''

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 1815 : synonym of ''Concholepas''

, 1801 * ''Conothais''

, 1930 : synonym of ''Pinaxia'' Adams & Adams, 1853 * ''

Cuma CUMA (Canadian Underwater Mine-countermeasure Apparatus) (commercially called SIVA+) is a make of rebreather underwater breathing set designed and made in Canada for the Canadian Armed Forces by Fullerton Sherwood Engineering Ltd to replace the Ro ...

'' Swainson, 1840 : synonym of ''Cymia'' Mörch, 1860 * ''Cumopsis'' Rovereto, 1899 : synonym of ''Cymia'' Mörch, 1860 * ''Iopas'' Adams & Adams, 1853 : synonym of ''Nassa'' Röding, 1798 * ''Menathais'' Iredale, 1937 : synonym of ''Thais (Thalessa)'' H. & Adams, 1853 * ''Microtoma'' Swainson, 1840 : synonym of ''Plicopurpura''

, 1903 * ''Patellipurpura'' Dall, 1909 : synonym of ''Plicopurpura''

, 1903 * ''Pentadactylus'' Mörch, 1852 : synonym of ''Drupa'' Röding, 1798 * ''Planithais'' Bayle in Fischer, 1884 : synonym of ''Tribulus'' Adams & Adams, 1853 * ''Provexillum'' Hedley, 1918 : synonym of ''Vexilla'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Purpura'' Röding, 1798 : synonym of '' Trunculariopsis''

, 1921 * ''Purpurella'' Dall, 1872 : synonym of ''Plicopurpura''

, 1903 * '' Ricinula''

, 1816 : synonym of ''Drupa'' Röding, 1798 * ''Simplicotaurasia'' Sacco, 1890 : synonym of ''Taurasia'' Bellardi, 1882 * '' Sistrum'' Montfort, 1810 : synonym of ''Drupa'' Röding, 1798

References

External links

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3419358 Muricidae Taxa named by John Edward Gray