Padal Petra Stalam

The Paadal Petra Sthalam, also known as Thevara Sthalam, are 276 temples that are revered in the verses of Saiva Nayanars in the 6th-9th century CE and are amongst the greatest Shiva temples of the continent. The Divya Desams by comparison are the 108 Vishnu temples glorified in the poems of the contemporary Vaishnava Alvars of Tamil Nadu, India

Thevaram

Thevaram literally means "garland of divine songs" and refers to the collection of verses sung praising Shiva, the primary god of the Shaivite sect of Hindu religion, by three Tamil poets known as Saiva Kuruvars - Thirugnana Sambanthar, Tirunavukkarasar (aka Appar) and Sundaramoorthy Nayanar (aka Sundarar). The three are considered the primary three among the sixty three Nayanmars of the Saivite sect of Hinduism. The former two lived during the 7th century CE while the latter around 8th century CE. All songs in Thevaram are believed to be in sets of ten songs, called ''pathikam'' in Tamil. Some musical experts consider Thevaram as a divine musical form. There is a common view that Sanskritization of names of the temples are carried out in later period that superseded the names mentioned in Thevaram - some of the common examples are Chidambaram as against Tillai in Thevaram and Kumbakonam as against Kudanthai.

The 275 temples that are mentioned in ''Thevaram'' are referred as Paadal Petra Thalam, meaning the temples that were sung in the verses. On the contrary, Vaippu Sthalam are temples that were mentioned casually in the songs in ''Thevaram'' and lacking a mention of those temples. In modern times, the verses of ''Tevaram'' are sung daily and during the festive occasions in most Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu by musicians called Odhuvars.

Thiruvasagam

Manikkavacakar is considered the 4th in the line of Saiva Kuravars, whose verses are classified as Thiruvasagam. There is a saying that "Thiruvasagathuku urugar, oru vasagathukum orugar" meaning the person who does not budge for thiruvasagam won't budge for anything else.

Paadal Petra Thalangal

There are around 276 temples that are revered by the verses of Shaiva Nayanmars and are amongst the greatest Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu. 267 temples in Tamil Nadu , 2 temples in Andhra pradesh, 1 temple in kerala, 1 temple in karnataka, 2 temples in Uttarakhand, 2 temples in Sri Lanka, 1 temple in Nepal, and Tirukailayam in Mount Kailash. The list is as shown below.

Pancha Bootha Thalangal

This refers to the temples that are the manifestation of the five elements - Land, water, air, sky, fire.

Image:ekam.jpg, Ekambareswarar Temple, Kanchipuram(Land)
Image:tiruvannamalai004.jpg, Arunachaleshwarar Temple, Thiruvannamalai(Fire)
Image:Tiruvannaikkaval4.jpg, Thiruvanaikaval temple, Trichy(Water)
Image:eastgopuram2.jpg , Chidambaram temple, Chidambaram(Sky)
Image:SrikalahastiGaligopuram.jpg, Kalahsti Temple(Air)

Pancha Bhoota stalam Map

Pancha Sabhai Thalangal

The temples where Shiva is believed to have performed the Cosmic Dance.

Image:Tiruvalangadu4.jpg, Thiruvalangadu temple, Chennai
Image:Chidambaram Temple.jpg, Chidambaram
Image:Madurai, India.jpg, Madurai Temple
Image:Nellaiappar2.jpg, Tirunelveli temple
Image:courtalleswaran Temple.jpg, Thirukutralam

Pancha Sabhai Map

Ashta Veerattam Thalangal

The temples where Shiva is believed to have performed with fury. The eight temples are in
1. Thiruvadhikai
2. Thirukoyilur
3. Thirukkadayur
4. Vazhoovur
5. Thirukkurakaval ( kurukkai )
6. Thiruppaliyalur
7. Thirukandiyur
8. Thiruvirkudi.

Saptha Vidangam

The Thyagarajar Temple at Tiruvarur is famous for the ''ajapa natanam'' (dance without chanting), that is executed by the deity itself. According to legend, a Chola king named Mucukunta obtained a boon from Indra (a celestial deity) and wished to receive an image of Thyagaraja Swamy (presiding deity, Shiva in the temple) reposing on the chest of reclining Vishnu. Indra tried to misguide the king and had six other images made, but the king chose the right image at Tiruvarur. The other six images were installed in ThiruNallaaru, Nagapattinam, Tirukarayil, Tirukolili, Thiruvaaimur and Tirumaraikadu. All the seven places are villages situated in the river Cauvery delta. All seven Thyagaraja images are said to dance when taken in procession(it is the bearers of the processional deity who actually dance). The temples with dance styles are regarded as ''Saptha Vidangam'' (seven dance moves) and the related temples are as under:

Image:Thiruvarur-Temple-Inside.jpg, Thyagarajar Temple

Saptha Stanam

The ''sapthasthanam'' festival is conducted at Tiruvaiyaru during April every year. Hundreds of people witness the convergence of seven glass palanquins carrying principal deities of respective temples from seven places at Tiruvaiyaru. The palanquins are paraded near the car stand, the crowd witnessed the ''Poochorithal''(flower festival) in which a doll offers flowers to the principal deities in the palanquins. After the ''Poochorithal'', the palanquins leave for their respective places.
The seven temples are

Saptha Mangai Stalangal

The seven temples are

Aathara Stalam

''Aathara Stalam'' indicates the places which are considered to be giving impersonification of Tantric chakras associated with human anatomy. Annamalaiyar temple is called the Manipooraga stalam Kamalabaskaran 1994 associated with ''Manipooraga'' the human anatomical cause for spiritual ignorance, thirst, jealousy, treachery, shame, fear, disgust, delusion, foolishness and sadness. Spear 2011. p. 121 4 temples are located in Tamil Nadu, one in Andhra Pradesh, and one at Varanasi.

Gallery

Image:Thiruvarur-Temple-Outer-Praharam.jpg, Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur
Image:Rameshwaram.jpg, Rameshwaram temple
Image:Rock Fort Temple.jpg, Rockfort temple, Trichy
Image:Chidambaram Nataraja temple tank.JPG, Chidambaram
Image:Kapaleeswarar1.jpg, Kapaleeshwarar Temple, Mylapore, chennai
Image:Arunchaleshvara Temple - Tiruvannamalai - India.JPG, Tiruvannamalai temple
File:AdhiKumbheshwararTemple.JPG, Adi Kumbeswarar Temple, Kumbakonam
File:Madurai Meenakshi temple gopuram.jpg, Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple, Madurai
Image:Kedarnath Temple.jpg, Kedarnath Temple
File:Kailash Tibet edited.jpg, Kailash Hills, Kailash
Image:tiruvannaikkaval4.jpg, The Towering Rajagopuram with one of the Temple Cars
Image:Pashupatinath.Overview.jpg, Pashupatinath TempleKathmandu, Nepal
File:Tiruvasi.JPG, Thiruvasi Temple, Trichy

See also

* Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu
* Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu

External

Map of padal petra stalam

Padal petra stalam around Madurai

Padal petra stalam around Kerala

Padal petra stalam around Karnataka

Padal petra stalam around Erode

Padal petra stalam around Srilanka

Notes

References

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{{Shiva temples

Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu
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