The population of Australia is estimated to be as of . The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation. Australia is the 55th most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 28 million by 2030. Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 1,000,000

Indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...

at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage. Australia has an average

population density Population density (in agriculture: Stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical ...

of persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. This is generally attributed to the

semi-arid A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi- ...

and desert

geography Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ (The Earth) and ‘Graphien’ (to describe), literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, an ...

of much of the interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries. The

life expectancy Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, current age, and other demographic factors like sex. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth ...

of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, among the highest in the world.

Cities

Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.

Ancestry

The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of

indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...

to the continent of Australia places this

human migration Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region). The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another (ex ...

to at least 65,000 years ago, most probably from the islands of

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

and

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

. Captain James Cook claimed the east coast for

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...

in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000, divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. Between 1788 and the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, ...

(principally

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

and

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...

), although there was significant immigration from China and

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a large wave of immigration from across

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

, with many more immigrants arriving from Southern and

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whic ...

than in previous decades. Since the end of the

White Australia policy The White Australia policy is a term encapsulating a set of historical policies that aimed to forbid people of non-European ethnic origin, especially Asians (primarily Chinese) and Pacific Islanders, from immigrating to Australia, starting i ...

in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of

multiculturalism The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use. In sociology and in everyday usage, it is a synonym for " ethnic pluralism", with the two terms often used interchang ...

, and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. The Australian Bureau of Statistics no longer collects data on

race Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to: * Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species * Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...

, but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two ancestries each

census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses in ...

. These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancesty groups. At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were: At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being

Indigenous Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology), presence in a region as the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention *Indigenous (band), an American blues-rock band *Indigenous (horse), a Hong Kong racehorse ...

—

Aboriginal Australians Aboriginal Australians are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, but excluding the Torres Strait Isl ...

and

Torres Strait Islanders Torres Strait Islanders () are the Indigenous Melanesian people of the Torres Strait Islands, which are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. Ethnically distinct from the Aboriginal people of the rest of Australia, they are often groupe ...

. In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation's has declined rapidly.

Immigration and country of birth

In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas. Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I, much of this increase from

immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, a ...

. Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million. Most immigrants are skilled, but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and refugees. The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2021. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.

Religion

At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having "no religion", up from 15.5% in 2001. The largest religion is

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...

(43.9% of the population). The largest Christian denominations are the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

(20% of the population) and the

Anglican Church of Australia The Anglican Church of Australia, formerly known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania, is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the Anglican Communion. It is the second largest church in Australia after the ...

(9.8%). Multicultural immigration since the

has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are Islam (3.2%),

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

(2.7%),

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...

(2.4%),

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

(0.8%), and

Judaism Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in t ...

(0.4%). The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information: Historically,

Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by Aboriginal Australians within each of the language groups across Australia in their ceremonies. Aboriginal spirituality includes ...

was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840, when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians. For a period, in the 19th and 20th centuries, Australia was majority

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

with a large Catholic minority. Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census. As a result of this history, while Australia has no official religion and "no religion" constitutes the largest group by religious identification, the various governments of Australia refer to the Christian God in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian Courts. As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population. Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The Catholic education system is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 650,000 students (and around 21 per cent of all secondary school enrolments).

Language

The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants. Although Australia has no official language, English has always been the ''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...

'' national language and the only common tongue. Australian English is a major variety of the language, with a distinctive accent and lexicon, and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling."The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005. General Australian serves as the standard variety. At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are

Mandarin Chinese Mandarin (; ) is a group of Chinese (Sinitic) dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language ...

(2.7%),

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

(1.4%),

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...

(1.3%),

Cantonese Chinese Cantonese ( zh, t=廣東話, s=广东话, first=t, cy=Gwóngdūng wá) is a language within the Chinese (Sinitic) branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding a ...

(1.2%), and Punjabi (0.9%). Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual. Over 250

Indigenous Australian languages The Indigenous languages of Australia number in the hundreds, the precise number being quite uncertain, although there is a range of estimates from a minimum of around 250 (using the technical definition of 'language' as non-mutually intellig ...

are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact; fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups. About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people. At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Australia has its own

sign language Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulation in combination with non-manual markers. Sign l ...

Auslan Auslan () is the majority sign language of the Australian Deaf community. The term ''Auslan'' is a portmanteau of "Australian Sign Language", coined by Trevor Johnston in the 1980s, although the language itself is much older. Auslan is relat ...

. It is the main language of about 5,500 deaf people.

Indigenous population

Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 0054 Indigenous Persons Total Persons

The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of

to the continent of Australia places this

to at least 40,000 years ago. These first inhabitants of Australia were generalised as hunter-gatherers, who over the course of many succeeding generations diversified widely throughout the continent and its nearby islands in over 500 different nations. Although their technical culture remained static—depending on wood, bone, and stone tools and weapons— they developed intricate agricultural systems and carefully managed their environment to ensure ongoing sustainability. In addition to this their spiritual lore (system of law) and social life was highly complex. Most spoke several languages, and nation groups sometimes linked widely scattered tribal groups. Aboriginal population density ranged from approximately one person per along the coasts to one person per in the arid interior. Food procurement was usually a matter for the nuclear family, requiring an estimated 3 days of work per week. Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century. Captain James Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for

in 1770 while standing on Possession Island off the west coast of

Cape York Peninsula Cape York Peninsula is a large peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest unspoiled wilderness in northern Australia.Mittermeier, R.E. et al. (2002). Wilderness: Earth’s last wild places. Mexico City: Agrupació ...

. The west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315,000 and as many as 1,100,000, divided into many tribes speaking many different languages. In the , 495,757 respondents declared they were Aboriginal, 31,407 declared they were Torres Strait Islander, and a further 21,206 declared they were both Aboriginal and

. Since the end of World War II, efforts have been made both by the government and by the public to be more responsive to Aboriginal rights and needs. Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

(208,476) and

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

(188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Aust ...

has an Indigenous population of almost 70,000 and represents about 30% of the total Northern Territory population.

States and territories

Historical population

Note that population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750,000. Where available, actual population figures from census years are included. Historical population of Australia

Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899

The

total fertility rate The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were t ...

is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources:

Our World In Data Our World in Data (OWID) is a scientific online publication that focuses on large global problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, climate change, war, existential risks, and inequality. It is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a re ...

and Gapminder Foundation. The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation.

Crude birth rates from 1860 to 1899

The

crude birth rate The birth rate for a given period is the total number of live human births per 1,000 population divided by the length of the period in years. The number of live births is normally taken from a universal registration system for births; populati ...

is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a year. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Historical distribution of the total population by age

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Historical median age of the population

Median age A population pyramid (age structure diagram) or "age-sex pyramid" is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically takes the shape of a pyramid ...

of the Australia population through history. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Vital statistics since 1900

Source: (c) = census results.

Current vital statistics

https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/jun-2022/310102.xlsx In 2012, the

of Australian-born women was 1.94, while for overseas-born women, it was 1.81, while in 2013, it was 1.91 and 1.79 respectively. In 2017, TFR was 1.68 for overseas women (overseas father 1.73) and 1.78 for native women (native father 1.69). Life expectancy development in Australia

Life expectancy development in Australia

Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015

Sources:

and the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

. Source: ''Our World in Data'' Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''

Other general demographic statistics

As of February 2018, the population growth rate was 0.9%. This rate was based on estimates of (April 2019): *one birth every 1 minute and 41 seconds, *one death every 3 minutes and 20 seconds, *one migrant person arriving to live in Australia every 56 seconds, *one Australian resident leaving Australia to live overseas every 1 minute and 53 seconds, leading to *an overall total population increase of one person every 1 minute and 13 seconds. Much of the data that follows has been derived from the CIA World Factbook and the Australian Bureau of Statistics, through censuses.

Population

The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data. : (as of ) :23,470,145 (July 2018 est.) :23,232,413 (July 2017 est.) : 21,262,641 (July 2009 – CIA World Factbook) Population pyramid of Australia from 1950 to 2020

Population pyramid of Australia from 1950 to 2020

Age structure

Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 0259 Age years 0 Persons

Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 0274 Age years 0 4 years Persons

:0–14 years: 17.75% (male 2,138,080 /female 2,027,583) :15–24 years: 12.62% (male 1,520,528 /female 1,442,461) :25–54 years: 41.35% (male 4,944,587 /female 4,760,752) :55–64 years: 11.84% (male 1,379,681 /female 1,398,177) :65 years and over: 16.44% (male 1,786,595 /female 2,071,701) (2018 est.) :0–14 years: 17.8% (male 2,122,139/female 2,012,670) :15–24 years: 12.79% (male 1,524,368/female 1,446,663) :25–54 years: 41.45% (male 4,903,130/female 4,725,976) :55–64 years: 11.83% (male 1,363,331/female 1,384,036) :65 years and over: 16.14% (male 1,736,951/female 2,013,149) (2017 est.)

Median age

:total: 38.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 58th :male: 38.1 years :female: 39.7 years (2018 est.) :Total: 36.9 years :Male: 36.6 years :Female: 38.1 years (2009 est.)

Birth rate

:12 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 165th :12.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) :12.47 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 164)

Death rate

:7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 118th :6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 146)

Total fertility rate

:1.77 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 155th

Net migration rate

:5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 22nd :5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) (Rank 21) :6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (2009 est.) (Rank 15)

Population growth rate

:1.01% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 107th :1.03% (2017 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

:28.7 years (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

:total population: 82.4 years (2018 estimate) :male: 79.9 years (2018 estimate) :female: 85 years (2018 estimate) At the time of Australian Federation in 1901, the rate of natural increase was 14.9 persons per 1,000 population. The rate increased to a peak of 17.4 per thousand population in the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. During the Great Depression, the rate declined to a low of 7.1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935. Immediately after World War II, the rate increased sharply as a result of the start of the

post–World War II baby boom The middle of the 20th century was marked by a significant and persistent increase in fertility rates in many countries of the world, especially in the Western world. The term ''baby boom'' is often used to refer to this particular boom, generall ...

and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia. A rate plateau of over 13.0 persons per 1,000 population occurred for every year from 1946 to 1962. There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling

fertility Fertility is the capability to produce offspring through reproduction following the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by a female during her lifetime and is quantified demographically. Fertili ...

. In 1971, the rate of natural increase was 12.7 persons per 1,000 population; a decade later it had fallen to 8.5. In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time, with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s. Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility, combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population, will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid-2030s. However, in 2006 the

fertility rate The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if: # she were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime # she were ...

rose to 1.81, one of the highest rates in the

OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate e ...

. Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population, to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006.

Urbanisation

:urban population: 86% of total population (2018) :rate of urbanisation: 1.43% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.) : Urbanisation population: 89% of total population (2008) : Rate of urbanisation: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005–2010)

Sex ratio

:Birth: 1.06 males/female :Under 15 years: 1.05 males/female :15–64 years: 1.03 males/female :65 years and over: 0.84 male/female :Total population: 1 male/female (2009)

Dependency ratio The dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the ''dependent'' part ages 0 to 14 and 65+) and those typically in the labor force (the ''productive'' part ages 15 to 64). It is used to measure the press ...
s

:total dependency ratio: 51.1 :youth dependency ratio: 28.5 :elderly dependency ratio: 22.6 : potential support ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS

:Adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2017 est.) :People living with HIV/AIDS: 26,000 (2017 est.) :Deaths: fewer than 200 (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

:total: 23 years :male: 23 years :female: 23 years (2016)

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24

:total: 12.6%. Country comparison to the world: 105th :male: 13.7% :female: 11.5% (2017 est.)

Incarceration and punishment

In March 2019, there were 43,320 adults imprisoned in Australia, which was an incarceration rate of 221 prisoners per 100,000 adult population., or 169 per 100,000 total population. Additionally, there was 75,544 people in community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as

parole Parole (also known as provisional release or supervised release) is a form of early release of a prison inmate where the prisoner agrees to abide by certain behavioral conditions, including checking-in with their designated parole officers, or ...

bail Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Bail is the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. In some countrie ...

probation Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by the court often in lieu of incarceration. In some jurisdictions, the term ''probation'' applies only to community sentences (alternatives to incarceration), such ...

and

community service Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of compensation. Community service can be distinct from volunteering, since it is not always performe ...

). In June 2018, there was about 980 minors imprisoned in Australia on an average night.

Literacy

:Definition: aged 15 years and over can read and write :Total population: 99% :Male: 99% :Female: 99% (2003 est.)

Education expenditure

:4.9% of GDP (2013) :''country comparison to the world:'' 55

Population density

, the population density of Australia was reported as . This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world, after

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

and

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

; General references *

External links

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) ''Year Book Australia, 2009–10''

Australian population: ethnic origins (DOC)

Build Australian population graph 1960 – 2013 (World Bank data)

Build Australian population projection graph till 2100 (United Nation data)

Build Australian life expectancy at birth graph 1950 – 2013 (United Nation data)

Australia's population clock
{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Australia *