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''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and
media franchise A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program ...
about
Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taki ...
, created and developed by
Konami , is a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Chūō, Tokyo, it also produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, pachinko machines, slot machines, and arcade cabinets. Konami has ca ...
. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, as well as handheld devices such as mobile phones. The franchise has expanded into several spin-off video games and other media, including
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and an
animated television series An animated series is a set of animated works with a common series title, usually related to one another. These episodes should typically share the same main characters, some different secondary characters and a basic theme. Series can have eith ...
. ''Castlevania'' is largely set in the eponymous castle of
Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some ...
, the main antagonist of the Belmont clan of vampire hunters. It debuted with 1986's ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' for the
Nintendo is a Japanese multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It develops video games and video game consoles. Nintendo was founded in 1889 as by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade playing cards ...
Family Computer Disk System The commonly shortened to the Famicom Disk System or just Disk System, is a peripheral for Nintendo's Family Computer home video game console, released only in Japan on February 21, 1986. It uses proprietary floppy disks called "Disk Cards" f ...
. The first entry and the majority of its sequels are side-scrolling
action platformer A platform game (often simplified as platformer and sometimes called a jump 'n' run game) is a sub-genre of action game, action video games in which the core objective is to move the player character between points in an environment. Platform game ...
s, and were succeeded by the 1997 game, '' Castlevania: Symphony of the Night''. Originally released for the
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, it returned to the
nonlinear gameplay A video game with nonlinear gameplay presents players with challenges that can be completed in a number of different sequences. Each player may take on (or even encounter) only some of the challenges possible, and the same challenges may be played ...
seen in '' Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'', which introduced RPG elements and exploration. Several installments later adopted ''Symphony of the Nights gameplay, and along with '' Super Metroid'', it has popularized the Metroidvania genre. 2010 saw the release of '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow'', a 3D action-adventure reboot of the series developed by
MercurySteam Mercury Steam Entertainment S.L., doing business as MercurySteam, is a Spanish video game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid. The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios, who previously developed '' Seve ...
and
Kojima Productions Kojima Productions Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game development studio founded in 2015 by video game designer Hideo Kojima, creator of the '' Metal Gear'' series. It is the spiritual successor to a production team inside Konami also known as K ...
. ''Castlevania'' is one of Konami's most successful and prominent franchises; several of its entries are ranked among the best video games ever made.


Games

Many ''Castlevania'' titles have been released for markets in Japan, North America, Europe and Australia on various
video game consoles A video game console is an electronic device that outputs a video signal or image to display a video game that can be played with a game controller. These may be home consoles, which are generally placed in a permanent location connected to a ...
, personal computers (PC) and
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, with additional
remakes A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same ...
and re-releases. The first console title, ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'', was released on the Famicom Disk System in 1986 and then in North America in 1987 on the
Nintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redesigned version, was released in America ...
(NES). A 2D sidescrolling action game where the player progresses through six stages, many principal features of the ''Castlevania'' series originated with it. It has since been ported to many platforms, such as the NES Classic Edition. Also released in 1986 was '' Vampire Killer'' for the MSX home computer, which played significantly different from the original ''Castlevania'', where players now had to search for the exit before they could proceed to the next stage. Following that year, in 1987, '' Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'' further departed from the standard platforming genre of the first ''Castlevania'' for a game more similar to the nonlinear gameplay of ''
Metroid is an action-adventure game franchise created by Nintendo. The player controls the bounty hunter Samus Aran, who protects the galaxy from Space Pirates and other malevolent forces and their attempts to harness the power of the parasitic ...
'', with several RPG elements such as a world map which the player is free to explore and revisit.Jeremy Parish
Metroidvania Chronicles II: Simon's Quest
1UP.com, June 28, 2006
''Castlevanias first arcade game, '' Haunted Castle'' (1988), returned to the linear platforming gameplay of the original. This continued with the first handheld
Game Boy The is an 8-bit fourth generation handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on April 21, 1989, in North America later the same year, and in Europe in late 1990. It was designed by the same t ...
entry, '' Castlevania: The Adventure'' and the NES sequel, '' Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'', both released in 1989. ''Dracula's Curse'' added new features to the original gameplay, including alternate stages and multiple
playable character A player character (also known as a playable character or PC) is a fictional character in a video game or tabletop role-playing game whose actions are controlled by a player rather than the rules of the game. The characters that are not cont ...
s. ''The Adventure'' saw a Game Boy sequel, '' Castlevania II: Belmont's Revenge'', in 1992 and also a
remake A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the sam ...
developed by M2 for the
WiiWare WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo. These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii ...
service in 2009. The franchise's first 16-bit home console game, ''
Super Castlevania IV ''Super Castlevania IV'' is a 1991 platform game developed and published by Konami. Released originally for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, it has been re-released multiple times, including for the Super NES Classic Edition. ''Super Cast ...
'', was released for the
Super Nintendo Entertainment System The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), commonly shortened to Super NES or Super Nintendo, is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Eu ...
(SNES) in 1991. A ''Castlevania'' title for the Sharp X68000 home computer was exclusively released in Japan in 1993 and would not be available in English until ''
Castlevania Chronicles ''Castlevania Chronicles'' is a video game compilation developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo for the PlayStation. It consists of two game modes: Original Mode, which is a port of the 1993 platform video game for the Sharp X68000 home ...
'' (2001) for the
PlayStation is a video gaming brand that consists of five home video game consoles, two handhelds, a media center, and a smartphone, as well as an online service and multiple magazines. The brand is produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment, a di ...
. During the same year, '' Castlevania: Rondo of Blood'' was released for the
PC Engine The TurboGrafx-16, known as the outside North America, is a home video game console designed by Hudson Soft and sold by NEC Home Electronics. It was the first console marketed in the fourth generation, commonly known as the 16-bit era, thoug ...
and was also not localized in English until it was included with '' Castlevania: The Dracula X Chronicles'' (2007) for the
PlayStation Portable The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on December 12, 2004, in North America on March 24, 2005, and in PAL regions on September 1, 200 ...
. The first ''Castlevania'' produced for a
CD-ROM A CD-ROM (, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains data. Computers can read—but not write or erase—CD-ROMs. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold both com ...
, ''Rondo of Blood'' featured
Red Book audio Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA or CD-DA), also known as Digital Audio Compact Disc or simply as Audio CD, is the standard format for audio compact discs. The standard is defined in the ''Red Book'', one of a series of Rainbow Books (named ...
and fully voiced dialogue. The game's content would be reused in '' Castlevania: Dracula X'', a new game for the SNES in 1995. '' Castlevania: Bloodlines'' (1994) was the first ''Castlevania'' entry produced for a
Sega is a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its international branches, Sega of America and Sega Europe, are headquartered in Irvine, California and London, respectively. Its division ...
console, the
Genesis Genesis may refer to: Bible * Book of Genesis, the first book of the biblical scriptures of both Judaism and Christianity, describing the creation of the Earth and of mankind * Genesis creation narrative, the first several chapters of the Book of ...
, and was not re-released until 2019 on the multi-platform ''Castlevania Anniversary Collection''. In 1997, '' Castlevania: Symphony of the Night'' and '' Castlevania Legends'' were launched for the PlayStation and Game Boy, respectively. ''Symphony of the Night'' introduced a major change to the gameplay, incorporating RPG elements and a nonlinear map that the player could freely explore, which was previously seen in ''Simon's Quest'' and Nintendo's ''
Metroid is an action-adventure game franchise created by Nintendo. The player controls the bounty hunter Samus Aran, who protects the galaxy from Space Pirates and other malevolent forces and their attempts to harness the power of the parasitic ...
'' series. This would be the gameplay for several future titles, beginning with the Game Boy Advance entries '' Circle of the Moon'', '' Harmony of Dissonance'', and '' Aria of Sorrow'', which were released from 2001 to 2003. ''Aria of Sorrow'' received a 2005 sequel, Dawn of Sorrow for the
Nintendo DS The is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo, released globally across 2004 and 2005. The DS, an initialism for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen", introduced distinctive new features to handheld games: two LCD screens working in t ...
, which was followed by '' Portrait of Ruin'' (2006) and '' Order of Ecclesia'' (2008). Under the development of Konami's Kobe branch, the first game in the series to employ 3D graphics was ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' for
Nintendo 64 The (N64) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo. The successor to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, it was released on June 23, 1996, in Japan, on September 29, 1996, in North America, and on March 1, 1997, in Europe and ...
in 1999, and it received an expansion called '' Castlevania: Legacy of Darkness'' later that year. In 2003, the next 3D ''Castlevania'' title, '' Lament of Innocence'' debuted for the
PlayStation 2 The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October 2000, in Europe on 24 November 2000, and in Australia on ...
with combat-oriented
hack and slash Hack and slash, also known as hack and slay (H&S or HnS) or slash 'em up, refers to a type of gameplay that emphasizes combat with melee-based weapons (such as swords or blades). They may also feature projectile-based weapons as well (such a ...
gameplay that drew comparisons to ''
Devil May Cry is a series of action-adventure games created by Hideki Kamiya. It is primarily developed and published by Capcom. The series centers on the demon hunter Dante (Devil May Cry), Dante and his efforts to thwart various demon invasions of Earth. ...
'' and ''
God of War A war god in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed. They occur commonly in both monotheistic and polytheistic religions. Unlike most gods and goddesses in polytheistic religions, monotheistic deities have traditionally been p ...
''. It was followed two years later by '' Castlevania: Curse of Darkness''. A reboot of the franchise launched with '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow'' in 2010, a
multi-platform In computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software r ...
3D action title developed by
MercurySteam Mercury Steam Entertainment S.L., doing business as MercurySteam, is a Spanish video game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid. The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios, who previously developed '' Seve ...
and co-produced by ''
Metal Gear is a series of techno-thriller stealth games created by Hideo Kojima. Developed and published by Konami, the first game, ''Metal Gear'', was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operativ ...
s
Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer and writer. He is regarded as an auteur of video games. He developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hi ...
. Two sequels, '' Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate'' (2013) and '' Lords of Shadow 2'' (2014) have also both received multi-platform releases.


Spin-offs

''Castlevania'' has spawned numerous spin-offs, the first being the 1990 platformer, '' Kid Dracula'' for the
Famicom The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit Third generation of video game consoles, third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redes ...
, a parody which stars the eponymous character. It was released for the first time in English for the ''Castlevania Anniversary Collection'' (2019). The game received a sequel for the Game Boy, also titled '' Kid Dracula''. ''Castlevanias first multiplayer online
fighting game A fighting game, also known as a versus fighting game, is a genre of video game that involves combat between two or more players. Fighting game combat often features mechanics such as blocking, grappling, counter-attacking, and chaining atta ...
, ''
Castlevania Judgment ''Castlevania Judgment'' is a 3D fighting video game developed by Konami and Eighting for the Wii. The game is based on the ''Castlevania'' series of games, and is the series' first fighting game. Gameplay The game features 3D environments, and ...
'' debuted for the Wii in 2008 and was developed by Eighting. Another multiplayer online title, '' Castlevania: Harmony of Despair'', was available cross-platform in 2010, where players could play as past ''Castlevania'' characters and explore stages. A game for iOS called '' Castlevania: Grimoire of Souls'', a multiplayer title starring ''Castlevania'' cast members, was released by Konami on September 16, 2019. Arcade and
slot machines A slot machine (American English), fruit machine (British English) or poker machine (Australian English and New Zealand English) is a gambling machine that creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known pejoratively a ...
have been produced for the series. '' Castlevania: The Arcade'' (2009), a light gun shooter utilizing an LED remote, has only been released in Japan and Europe. The Japanese spin-off series, '' Pachislot Akumajō Dracula'', is a pachislot line of ''Castlevania'' titles released between 2009 and 2017. The first three are based on the video game ''Dracula's Curse'', while a fourth game based on the ''Lords of Shadow'' reboot, ''Pachislot Akumajō Dracula: Lords of Shadow'', was made available in 2017. ''Castlevania'' characters and elements have also appeared in crossovers and other titles such as the '' Konami Wai Wai World'' series, '' Contra: Hard Corps'', ''
DreamMix TV World Fighters is a crossover fighting video game developed by Bitstep and published by Hudson for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 in Japan on December 18, 2003. The game features characters from Hudson and Konami's video game series and Takara's toy lines. Ga ...
'', '' Bomberman R'' and '' Super Smash Bros. Ultimate''.


Common elements


Gameplay

''Castlevania'', released for the NES in 1986 is a typical platform game in which the player takes the role of Simon Belmont, a descendant of the Belmont clan, a family of vampire hunters. He travels to Dracula's
castle A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders. Scholars debate the scope of the word ''castle'', but usually consider it to be the private fortified r ...
, Castlevania, and fights his way through the castle annihilating Dracula himself and the castle. Belmont's main weapon is a whip called the Vampire Killer, while the secondary weapons include throwing daggers, bottles of holy water that act as small fire bombs, throwing axes that arc overhead, a watch that stops time, and a cross that acts like a boomerang. These are powered by hearts which are collected by destroying candles and killing monsters. Hidden items such as power-ups and food (health replenishment) items are also found by attacking walls within the levels, a feature inspired by
Nintendo is a Japanese multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It develops video games and video game consoles. Nintendo was founded in 1889 as by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade playing cards ...
's '' Super Mario Bros.'' with countless hidden items across the game's levels. ''Vampire Killer'', released in 1986 for the MSX 2 computer and developed alongside the original ''Castlevania'' (the two share the same title in Japanese), departs from the more straightforward platforming gameplay of ''Castlevania'', instead introducing an open-ended, exploration-heavy form of gameplay. ''Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'' featured nonlinear gameplay even more open-ended than that of ''Vampire Killer'', with several exclusive elements such as a world map the player was free to explore and revisit. The player could also purchase supplies, equipment and weapon upgrades in several different towns, making it more like an action role-playing game. It also introduced a persistent world with its own day-night cycle which altered gameplay, and offered three possible endings depending on the time it took to complete the game. ''Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'' for the NES has more in common with the original NES Castlevania but also added new features, including nonlinear elements such as alternate branching paths with different stages and alternate endings depending on the player's choices, as well as multiple player characters. A turning point in the gameplay mechanics of the series was '' Castlevania: Symphony of the Night''. Expanding on the open-ended style of gameplay previously used in ''Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'', ''Symphony of the Night''s style of gameplay has been termed "Metroidvania" due to its similarities with the nonlinear and exploration-focused side-scrolling games of the ''Metroid'' series. It also used role-playing video game elements, such as collectible weapons, armor and hidden orbs. Many subsequent Castlevania games have since followed this template.


Plot and setting

The ''Castlevania'' franchise heavily references the iconic horror movies produced by
Universal Pictures Universal Pictures (legally Universal City Studios LLC, also known as Universal Studios, or simply Universal; common metonym: Uni, and formerly named Universal Film Manufacturing Company and Universal-International Pictures Inc.) is an Americ ...
and Hammer Film Productions. Creator of the series, Hitoshi Akamatsu, wanted players to feel like they were in a classic horror movie. Werewolves,
zombies A zombie (Haitian French: , ht, zonbi) is a mythological undead corporeal revenant created through the reanimation of a corpse. Zombies are most commonly found in horror and fantasy genre works. The term comes from Haitian folklore, in wh ...
,
Frankenstein's monster Frankenstein's monster or Frankenstein's creature, often referred to as simply "Frankenstein", is a fictional character who first appeared in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel '' Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus''. Shelley's title thus compar ...
, and
Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some ...
himself make recurring appearances. Alucard, first introduced in '' Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'', is also a reference to the character of the same name from the 1943 film, '' Son of Dracula''. The games also include
folklore Folklore is shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. This includes oral traditions such as tales, legends, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, rangin ...
and
mythological Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society, such as foundational tales or origin myths. Since "myth" is widely used to imply that a story is not objectively true, the identification of a narrat ...
monsters such as
Medusa In Greek mythology, Medusa (; Ancient Greek: Μέδουσα "guardian, protectress"), also called Gorgo, was one of the three monstrous Gorgons, generally described as winged human females with living venomous snakes in place of hair. Those ...
, as well as direct references to literary horror. '' Castlevania: Bloodlines'' explicitly incorporates the events of
Bram Stoker Abraham Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912) was an Irish author who is celebrated for his 1897 Gothic horror novel '' Dracula''. During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Sir Henry Irving and busi ...
's ''
Dracula ''Dracula'' is a novel by Bram Stoker, published in 1897. As an epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist, but opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taki ...
'' into the series, and the recurring character
Carmilla ''Carmilla'' is an 1872 Gothic novella by Irish author Sheridan Le Fanu and one of the early works of vampire fiction, predating Bram Stoker's '' Dracula'' (1897) by 26 years. First published as a serial in ''The Dark Blue'' (1871–72), the ...
is based on the 1872
novel A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself ...
by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu. ''Castlevania'' mainly takes place in the castle of
Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. He is considered to be both the prototypical and the archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some ...
, who resurrects every hundred years to take over the world. With the exception of some games, the players assume the role of the Belmonts, a clan of vampire hunters who have defeated Dracula for centuries with the Vampire Killer. The Vampire Killer is a legendary whip that is passed down to their successors and can only be used by them. In ''Castlevania: Bloodlines'', the whip has been inherited by John Morris, the son of Quincey Morris, who is a distant descendant of the Belmonts. Other recurring characters throughout the series include the dhampir Alucard, who sides with Trevor Belmont against his father Dracula in ''Dracula's Curse''. Trevor is also joined by Sypha Belnades, a vampire hunter who fights using magic and marries Trevor by the end of the game. Descendants of the Belnades clan, such as Carrie Fernandez and Yoko Belnades, would also make appearances as playable characters in later titles. '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow'' is a reboot of the franchise, with its first game set in Southern Europe during the Middle Ages. The main character, Gabriel Belmont, is a member of the Brotherhood of Light, an elite group of holy knights who defend people from supernatural creatures. With a retractable chain whip called the Combat Cross, Gabriel fights a malevolent force known as the Lords of Shadow in order to obtain the God Mask, which he believes can bring back his deceased wife. In '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow - Mirror of Fate'', Gabriel stars as Dracula, the main antagonist of Simon and Trevor Belmont. The sequel, '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2'' is set during modern times, where Dracula is now looking for a way to put an end to his immortality. In 2002, the games '' Legends'', '' Circle of the Moon'', ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' (1999), and '' Legacy of Darkness'' were retconned from the official chronology by
Koji Igarashi is a Japanese video game producer, programmer, writer, and creative director. Often credited as IGA, he began his career by joining Konami in 1990 as a programmer. Over the next ten years, he moved into a senior role within the company, workin ...
, a move which had been met with some criticism by fans. Igarashi noted that ''Legends'' conflicted with the plotline of the series, and that the reason for ''Circle of the Moons removal was not due to his non-involvement with the game, but instead the intention of the game's development team for ''Circle of the Moon'' to be a stand-alone title. The American "20th Anniversary Pre-order Bundle" for '' Portrait of Ruin'' in 2006 featured a poster with a timeline that re-included the games other than ''Legends''. In 2007, Konami still excluded them from the canon on the official Japanese website. Igarashi has said that he considered the titles a "subseries".Nintendo Power, July 2008


Development

''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' was directed and programmed by Hitoshi Akamatsu for the
Family Computer Disk System The commonly shortened to the Famicom Disk System or just Disk System, is a peripheral for Nintendo's Family Computer home video game console, released only in Japan on February 21, 1986. It uses proprietary floppy disks called "Disk Cards" f ...
in 1986. The game's staff roll features names taken from famous horror movie icons, with Akamatsu being credited as 'Trans Fishers', a reference to film director
Terence Fisher Terence Fisher (23 February 1904 – 18 June 1980) was a British film director best known for his work for Hammer Films. He was the first to bring gothic horror alive in full colour, and the sexual overtones and explicit horror in his films, ...
. This is possibly because Konami did not allow the use of real names at the time in order to prevent other companies from hiring people who worked for them. An admirer of cinema, Akamatsu approached projects with a "film director's eye", and said the visuals and music for ''Castlevania'' were "made by people who consciously wanted to do something cinematic." The protagonist Simon Belmont uses a whip because Akamatsu liked the mechanics of a weapon able to repel enemies, and also because Akamatsu was a fan of ''
Raiders of the Lost Ark ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Lawrence Kasdan, based on a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It stars Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, Paul Freeman, Ro ...
''. After the success of ''Castlevania'', it was released in cartridge format for the
Nintendo Entertainment System The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redesigned version, was released in America ...
(NES) as one of its first major platform games, and also as part of an unofficial second wave of video games for the system. The international title (''Castlevania'') was the result of Konami of America senior vice president Emil Heidkamp's discomfort with ''Akumajō Dracula'', which he believed translated as "Dracula Satanic Castle." Because of Nintendo of America's censorship policies at the time, most instances of blood, nudity and religious imagery were removed or edited in early ''Castlevania'' games. Akamatsu also directed ''Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'' in 1987, which adopted gameplay similar to Nintendo's ''Metroid''. When asked if ''Metroid'' had any inspiration, Akamatsu instead cited ''
Maze of Galious ''The Maze of Galious'' is a 1987 platform-adventure video game developed and published by Konami for the MSX home computer. A reworked conversion was released for the Family Computer. Both versions were re-released digitally for Microsoft Wind ...
'', another Konami title which featured exploration and puzzle solving. His last game in the series, ''Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'' (1989), returned to the standard platforming genre of ''Castlevania''. Since Konami's ''
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' is an American media franchise created by the comic book artists Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. It follows Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello and Raphael, four anthropomorphic turtle brothers (named after It ...
'' games sold many copies, their development was prioritized above other titles, leading the developers for ''Dracula's Curse'' to make a game that would outdo them. ''Simon's Quest'' and ''Dracula's Curse'' were not a commercial success, and Akamatsu was demoted to working in one of Konami's game centers before he chose to resign. In 1993, three ''Castlevania'' games were in parallel development, which included '' Akumajō Dracula'', '' Rondo of Blood'', and '' Bloodlines''. Directed and produced by Toru Hagihara, ''Rondo of the Blood'' was the first installment made for a CD-ROM and also the first to be fully voiced. Hagihara would go on to direct a sequel, ''Symphony of the Night'' (1997) for the Sony PlayStation, with Koji 'IGA' Igarashi joining him as the assistant director and story writer. Also joining the staff was artist Ayami Kojima, who was hired to introduce a new look for ''Castlevania''. She would be the character designer for several future ''Castlevania'' titles. Igarashi said it began development as "something of a side story series". From the outset, the game was supposed to take the franchise in a new direction. The gameplay took a departure from the original platforming entries, instead adopting nonlinear exploration and role-playing game elements, which were last seen in ''Simon's Quest''. The critical reaction to ''Simon's Quest'' and its gameplay allowed them to pitch ''Symphony of the Night'' to Konami. Igarashi was eventually asked to finish the game as the assistant director after Hagihara was promoted to head of the division. On release, ''Symphony of the Night'' was well-received and became a sleeper hit, but its commercial performance was mediocre, particularly in the United States where it was meagerly publicized. The first ''Castlevania'' game to feature 3D computer graphics began development in 1997 on the
Nintendo 64 The (N64) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo. The successor to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, it was released on June 23, 1996, in Japan, on September 29, 1996, in North America, and on March 1, 1997, in Europe and ...
by Konami Computer Entertainment Kobe (KCEK) as ''Dracula 3D''. Like most of its predecessors, it was an action-adventure and platforming game. It was eventually released as ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' in 1999 and received an expanded version titled '' Castlevania: Legacy of Darkness'' during the same year. KCEK's last ''Castlevania'' game was the acclaimed '' Circle of the Moon'', released as a launch title for the Game Boy Advance in 2001. ''Circle of the Moon'' was the first entry to feature Metroidvania gameplay since ''Symphony of the Night''. Igarashi, who was not involved with the game, was critical of ''Circle of the Moon''. In 2002, he retconned ''Castlevania Legends'' (1997) and the games developed by KCEK from the series' chronology due to story conflicts, which was met with some resistance from fans. After KCEK was dissolved during 2002, the Game Boy Advance received a second installment, '' Castlevania: Harmony of Dissonance'', now produced by Igarashi and developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo (KCET). Starting with ''Harmony of Dissonance'', the Japanese games adopted ''Castlevania'' as the title for a brief period. According to Igarashi, the developers did this since Count Dracula is not always the main antagonist. This continued with '' Castlevania: Lament of Innocence'' (2003), a 3D title developed as a new starting point for the series. Konami eventually returned to the title ''Akumajō Dracula'' with the Japanese release of 2005's '' Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow'' for the
Nintendo DS The is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo, released globally across 2004 and 2005. The DS, an initialism for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen", introduced distinctive new features to handheld games: two LCD screens working in t ...
. ''Dawn of Sorrow'' and '' Portrait of Ruin'' (2006) introduced a new art style in hopes of broadening the player demographic and preventing younger Nintendo DS owners from being put off by Ayami Kojima's art. This discontinued with '' Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia'' in 2008. Due to concern over the poor sales of the recent ''Castlevania'' games, a number of prototypes in development competed to become the next ''Castlevania'' installment, which included a game by Igarashi announced at
Tokyo Game Show , commonly known as TGS, is a video game expo / convention held annually in September in the Makuhari Messe, in Chiba, Japan. It is presented by the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association (CESA) and Nikkei Business Publications, Inc. T ...
2008 and '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow'' by
MercurySteam Mercury Steam Entertainment S.L., doing business as MercurySteam, is a Spanish video game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid. The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios, who previously developed '' Seve ...
in
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...
. Konami told MercurySteam the game would be an original
intellectual property Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, co ...
(IP) when it was first greenlit as a ''Castlevania'' title. Konami eventually asked them to cease work on ''Lords of Shadow'' while it was still in its early stages, until producer David Cox showed the Japanese senior management the game and was offered help by video game designer
Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer and writer. He is regarded as an auteur of video games. He developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hi ...
. According to Igarashi, development on his project had not been going smoothly, and Konami had canceled it and chose ''Lords of Shadow'' as the pitch for the next ''Castlevania'' entry. Produced by Dave Cox and
Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer and writer. He is regarded as an auteur of video games. He developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hi ...
, ''Lords of Shadow'' was a multi-platform 3D action-adventure reboot of the series. Kojima offered his input on the project and also oversaw the game's localization in Japan. It was the first ''Castlevania'' to feature celebrity voice talent, starring Robert Carlyle in the lead role and also
Patrick Stewart Sir Patrick Stewart (born 13 July 1940) is an English actor who has a career spanning seven decades in various stage productions, television, film and video games. He has been nominated for Olivier, Tony, Golden Globe, Emmy, and Screen Actors ...
. The art style also departed from the previous games in favor of one inspired by
Guillermo del Toro Guillermo del Toro Gómez (; born October 9, 1964) is a Mexican filmmaker, author, and actor. He directed the Academy Award–winning fantasy films ''Pan's Labyrinth'' (2006) and '' The Shape of Water'' (2017), winning the Academy Awards for ...
's work. ''Lords of Shadow'' was met with positive reception in 2010 and a commercial success, becoming the best selling ''Castlevania'' game to date. It was followed by two sequels, ''
Mirror of Fate A mirror or looking glass is an object that Reflection (physics), reflects an image. Light that bounces off a mirror will show an image of whatever is in front of it, when focused through the lens of the eye or a camera. Mirrors reverse the ...
'' (2013) and '' Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2'' (2014). ''Lords of Shadow 2'' was not as well received as its predecessor. Following its release, an anonymous source claiming to be employees from MercurySteam alleged that development on the game had been troubled. After having been moved to Konami's social division in 2011, Igarashi felt he was unable to release any new games when Konami shifted its focus towards mobile game development. He left in March 2014 to independently create '' Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night'', a spiritual successor to ''Castlevania''. Dave Cox followed Igarashi's resignation a few months later. Recent ''Castlevania'' titles released under Konami's recent business model include pachinko and slot machines based on the IP.


Audio

''Castlevania''s music has been critically acclaimed and released on many albums. The music for the first ''Castlevania'' game was composed by Satoe Terashima and Kinuyo Yamashita, of
Konami , is a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company headquartered in Chūō, Tokyo, it also produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, pachinko machines, slot machines, and arcade cabinets. Konami has ca ...
's
Kukeiha Club , stylized as KuKeiHa CLUB, is a band that was formed by Motoaki Furukawa, a composer, arranger, and producer working for the game firm Konami, after his work on ''Gradius III'' back in 1990. It is often confused with コナミ矩形波倶楽部 ...
of composers, shortly after graduating from college. Yamashita was credited under the pseudonym James Banana for her work on the Disk System version of the game. Kenichi Matsubara composed for the sequel, ''Simon's Quest'', and also the arcade installment ''Haunted Castle''. In 1993, Michiru Yamane created the soundtrack to ''Castlevania Bloodlines'', and would also compose the music for several installments, including ''Symphony of the Night''. Most of the music in the series changes from game to game, but some themes recur often. These include "Vampire Killer", composed by Satoe Terashima, , first composed by Kenichi Matsubara, and "Beginning" by Jun Funahashi. These three tracks first appeared in ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'', '' Castlevania II: Simon's Quest'' and '' Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'' respectively. Several songs, including "Vampire Killer" and "Bloody Tears", were also featured in the soundtracks of other Konami games, including '' Konami Wai Wai World'', '' Contra: Hard Corps'', and '' Konami Krazy Racers'', and inter-company crossovers such as ''
DreamMix TV World Fighters is a crossover fighting video game developed by Bitstep and published by Hudson for the GameCube and PlayStation 2 in Japan on December 18, 2003. The game features characters from Hudson and Konami's video game series and Takara's toy lines. Ga ...
'', and '' Super Smash Bros. Ultimate''.


Reception and legacy

The ''Castlevania'' franchise had sold over 20 million copies worldwide ; it had previously sold over units by 1993. The franchise has received mostly positive reviews, with the most acclaimed game being '' Symphony of the Night'' for the
PlayStation is a video gaming brand that consists of five home video game consoles, two handhelds, a media center, and a smartphone, as well as an online service and multiple magazines. The brand is produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment, a di ...
and the most panned being '' Judgment'', with aggregate scores of 93 and 49, respectively, on
Metacritic Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of films, TV shows, music albums, video games and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc ...
and 93.38% and 52.71%, respectively, on
GameRankings GameRankings was a video gaming review aggregator that was founded in 1999 and owned by CBS Interactive. It indexed over 315,000 articles relating to more than 14,500 video games. GameRankings was discontinued in December 2019, with its staff bei ...
. Many of the games have appeared on lists of video games considered to be the best. ''Symphony of the Night'' appeared at #16 on '' IGN'' "Top 100 games" and was one of the first to be introduced on the ''
GameSpot ''GameSpot'' is an American video gaming website that provides news, reviews, previews, downloads, and other information on video games. The site was launched on May 1, 1996, created by Pete Deemer, Vince Broady and Jon Epstein. In addition ...
'' "The Greatest Games of All Time". Both acclaimed the game to successfully making a game in 2D while the industry was moving to 3D. '' Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'' was named the 9th best 8-bit game by ''
GameTrailers ''GameTrailers'' (''GT'') was an American video gaming website created by Geoffrey R. Grotz and Brandon Jones in 2002. The website specialized in multimedia content, including trailers and gameplay footage of upcoming and recently released v ...
''. ''
Super Castlevania IV ''Super Castlevania IV'' is a 1991 platform game developed and published by Konami. Released originally for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, it has been re-released multiple times, including for the Super NES Classic Edition. ''Super Cast ...
'' was named the 11th best game of the SNES by ''
ScrewAttack Rooster Teeth Productions, LLC is an American digital media company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Founded in 2003 by Burnie Burns, Matt Hullum, Geoff Ramsey, Jason Saldaña, Gus Sorola, and Joel Heyman, Rooster Teeth is a subsidiary of Warner ...
'' on their " Top 20 SNES Games". The series as a whole was also named the 4th best franchises in game ever by IGN, behind only ''
Final Fantasy is a Japanese science fantasy anthology media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square). The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games. The ...
'', ''
The Legend of Zelda ''The Legend of Zelda'' is an action-adventure game franchise created by the Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments and re-relea ...
'' and ''
Mario is a character (arts), character created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto. He is the title character of the ''Mario (franchise), Mario'' franchise and the mascot of Japanese video game company Nintendo. Mario has appeared in ...
'', and citing ''Super Castlevania IV'' and ''Symphony of the Night'' as highlights. ''Aria of Sorrow'' was also named the 2nd best game on the Game Boy Advance and one of the must buys for the system, according to the same website. ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'', ''
Super Castlevania IV ''Super Castlevania IV'' is a 1991 platform game developed and published by Konami. Released originally for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, it has been re-released multiple times, including for the Super NES Classic Edition. ''Super Cast ...
'', and '' Aria of Sorrow'' appeared on Nintendo Power's "Top 200 Games" list. Trivia about the series has also been mentioned in the '' Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008''.


In other media

Simon Belmont was one of the stars in the animated series '' Captain N: The Game Master''. He was a member of the N-Team, a group of mostly video game characters who defended Videoland against the antagonist Mother Brain from ''
Metroid is an action-adventure game franchise created by Nintendo. The player controls the bounty hunter Samus Aran, who protects the galaxy from Space Pirates and other malevolent forces and their attempts to harness the power of the parasitic ...
''. Dracula, referred to only as "the Count", also appeared as a villain in ''Captain N''. Alucard appeared in one episode, though he was portrayed as a rebellious skateboarding teenager. Several other ''Castlevania'' monsters had minor roles, including Frankenstein's Monster, the Mummy, the Wolf Man, and the Skull Knight. Simon is portrayed as egotistical on the show and his physical appearance differs from his design in the video game series. In 2005,
IDW Publishing IDW Publishing is an American publisher of comic books, graphic novels, art books, and comic strip collections. It was founded in 1999 as the publishing division of Idea and Design Works, LLC (IDW), itself formed in 1999, and is regularly re ...
released a comic book adaptation, ''Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy'', written by
Marc Andreyko Marc Andreyko (born 20 June 1970) is a comic book writer and screenwriter, best known for the true crime series '' Torso'' he co-wrote with Brian Michael Bendis and for co-creating the character Kate Spencer for DC Comics. Career Marc Andreyk ...
with art by
E. J. Su E. J. Su is an American comic book artist and penciller. He was born in Taiwan and moved to the United States at the age of 14. He is best known for his work on IDW Publishing's Transformers (2005) comic book. He also worked as illustrator for Cas ...
. It was based on '' Castlevania: The Adventure''. In 2008, a graphic novel adaption of ''Curse of Darkness'' was released by Tokyopop in English. The streaming service
Netflix Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a ...
released an American animated series titled simply ''
Castlevania ''Castlevania'' (), known in Japan as is a gothic horror action-adventure video game series and media franchise about Dracula, created and developed by Konami. It has been released on various platforms, from early systems to modern consoles, ...
'' as part of its original programming. The show is being showrun by
Adi Shankar Aditya Shankar (born January 8, 1985) is an Indian-American film producer, screenwriter, film director, television program creator, television showrunner, and occasional actor. He is best known for ''Dredd'', ''Castlevania'', and his " Bootleg U ...
, who had previously teased plans for an animated mini-series based on '' Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse'' in 2015, and is written by
Warren Ellis Warren Girard Ellis (born 16 February 1968) is a British comic book writer, novelist, and screenwriter. He is best known as the co-creator of several original comics series, including ''Transmetropolitan'' (1997–2002), ''Global Frequency'' ( ...
. Fred Seibert and Kevin Kolde also co-produce. The series is animated by Seibert's Frederator Studios and
Powerhouse Animation Studios Powerhouse Animation Studios, Inc. is an American animation studio based in Austin, Texas. It was founded in April 2001 with a subsidiary called Powerhouse Animation LLC, established in summer of 2014. The company develops and produces traditiona ...
, under Michael Hirsh's Wow Unlimited Media company. The show's first season released on July 7, 2017, and ran for four episodes, while the second season premiered on October 26, 2018, and ran for eight episodes. By the time the second season became available in 2018, ''Castlevania'' had reportedly garnered nearly viewers worldwide according to Netflix analytics, becoming one of the most successful original animated shows on Netflix. A third season released on March 5, 2020, and ran for 10 episodes. The fourth and final season was released on May 13, 2021, and a new series set in the ''Castlevania'' universe is in the works. It will focus on a descendant of Trevor, Richter Belmont, and Maria Renard in France during the French Revolution. The franchise also has its own toy line manufactured by NECA which consists of six figures of Simon Belmont, Alucard, Dracula (available in two variants with one variant with its mouth closed and another one with its mouth open showing Dracula's vampire fangs), Succubus and a Pixel Simon mini figure which was exclusively available as a promotional item at Comic-Con 2007 where the figures were first shown in full form. The franchise also consists of a calendar of ''Lament of Innocence'' available with the limited edition of the game and containing seven illustrations and another released as a promotion for ''
Castlevania Judgment ''Castlevania Judgment'' is a 3D fighting video game developed by Konami and Eighting for the Wii. The game is based on the ''Castlevania'' series of games, and is the series' first fighting game. Gameplay The game features 3D environments, and ...
'' from April 2009 to March 2010 containing images of various Castlevania characters from the game. Artbooks of many games have also been released. The franchise also includes comics, prize collection artworks of ''Symphony of the Night'' and ''Judgment'' as part of its print media. Adapted and illustrated by Kou Sasakura, a two-volume manga adaptation titled was published in Japan from 2005 to 2006.


Cancelled projects

A ''Castlevania'' television series was considered in the late 1980s as part of the ''Super Mario Bros. Power Hour'', a one hour animation block of Nintendo focused video game adaptations. Concept art was produced for the project by
DIC Animation City DIC Entertainment Corporation (; also known as DIC Audiovisuel, DIC Enterprises, DIC Animation City, DIC Entertainment, L.P., and DIC Productions), branded as The Incredible World of DIC, was an international film and television production comp ...
. Only the Mario and Zelda segments for the block were ultimately produced, airing in 1989 as part of '' The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!''. A ''Castlevania'' film was planned in the late 2000s. However, in December 2007, Rogue Pictures halted active development of ''Castlevania'' due to the writers' strike and, later, the sale of the studio to Relativity Media and possibility of a screen actors' guild strike. On May 27, 2009, the ''Castlevania'' film was reported as officially canceled.


Notes


References


External links

*
''Akumajō Dracula'' series
at Konami Tokyo * * {{Authority control Konami franchises Video games about shapeshifting Dark fantasy video games Video games about witchcraft Video game franchises Video games about demons Video games about vampires Video games about zombies Video games set in Europe Video game franchises introduced in 1986 Horror video games Metroidvania games Video games related to anime and manga Video games adapted into comics Video games adapted into television shows category:action-adventure games by series