Cassis de Dijon (court case)

Cassis (; Occitan: ''Cassís'') is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, whose coastline is known in English as the French Riviera, in Southern France. In 2016, it had a population of 7,265.

It is a popular tourist destination, famous for its cliffs (''falaises'') and the sheltered inlets called ''calanques''. The wines of Cassis are white and rosé, and not to be confused with crème de cassis, a specialty of Burgundy which takes its name from blackcurrants (''cassis''), not the commune.

Geography

The town is situated on the Mediterranean coast, about east of Marseille. Cap Canaille, , between Cassis and La Ciotat ("the '' civitas''") is one of the highest maritime bluffs in Europe, a sailor's landmark for millennia. It is east of Marseille and in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône.

One of its main beaches, called "Bestouan", is made cooler by a karstic source.

History

The present site of Cassis was first occupied between 600 and 500 BC by the Ligures, who constructed a fortified dwelling at the top of the Baou Redon. These people lived by fishing, hunting, and farming.

The current site of Cassis could have been inhabited by the Greeks, though no proof has yet been found.

During Roman times, Cassis was part of the maritime route made by the Emperor Antoninus Pius. It was a small village, established mainly around the Arena and Corton beaches. The principal livelihood was fishing and maritime trade with North Africa and the Middle East. Several archaeological discoveries attest to this.

From the 5th to the 10th centuries AD, invasions by foreign tribes led the population to seek refuge in the ''castrum'', a fortified city that, in 1223, became the property of the Seigneurie des Les Baux-de-Provence.

In the 15th century, Cassis was ceded to the Counts of Provence; then René of Anjou gave the town to the Bishops of Marseille, who ruled the town until the Revolution of 1789.

Industrial Revolution

In the eighteenth century, Cassis started to develop outside the ramparts of the fortified city and around the port. After the Bourbon Restoration, new industries developed here, including the drying of cod, the manufacture of olive oil and clothing, coral work, wine-making and the exploitation of local stone (cement, limestone). ''Stone of Cassis'', which was quarried here since antiquity made the town famous. It has been used for the quays of the large Mediterranean ports (Alexandria, Algiers, Piraeus, Marseille, and Port Said). A claim that it was used for the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York City gained wide circulation but has been proved apocryphal. Today, the stone is used more for domestic purposes such as the construction of sinks and fireplaces.

In the twentieth century, as these industries began to disappear, the workforce turned to tourism and wine making. Cassis was one of the first three vineyards to profit from the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (label of controlled origin) introduced in 1936.

Origin of the name

The oldest form is Tutelæ Charsitanæ, attested since the first century. It then drifts into Carsicis (15th century) and Castrum Cassitis (1323). These place names suggest a Car-s theme derived from the pre-Indo-European *Kar meaning stone or rock, to which has been added the suffix -ite. The French language has retained the Provençal Cassis spelling, which is identical in both the classical and Mistralian standards.

The final "s" is not pronounced in the local variant of Provençal, unlike other dialects. Tes pronunciation of the final "s" is found in the motto of the city, which rhymes Paris, Cassis and vist with one another (pronunciation in Provençal "mistralien": /pa.ʁis/, /ka.sis/, /vis/). In French, both pronunciations occur.

The Provençal motto of the commune attributed to Frédéric Mistral is "Qu a vist Paris, se noun a vist Cassis, n'a rèn vist", which means "Who has seen Paris and not Cassis, has not seen anything".

Twin towns/sister cities

Cassis is twinned with:
* Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom
* Portofino, Italy
* Alushta, Ukraine

Notable residents

*Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, (1716–1795), writer and numismatist, was born in Cassis.
* Henri Crémieux, stage and film actor, died at his house in Cassis. The ''Allée Henri Crémieux'' is named in his honour.
* Jerome Hill, (1905-1972), American filmmaker and philanthropist.
* René Leriche (1879-1955), distinguished surgeon, died in Cassis. The ''Avenue du Professeur René Leriche'' is named in his honour.
* Rudy Ricciotti (born 1952), architect whose works include the Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée and the Jean Cocteau Museum, was resident in Cassis .Lanie Goodman (17 September 2012)
"Ground Breaker"
''The New York Times''. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
*Jean-Pierre Teisseire (born 1940), politician and retired professor of political science at the University of Aix en Provence was the mayor of Cassis from 1995 to 2008.Maggio, Patrice (22 January 2012)
"Teisseire: Le rois du sport, du politque, e du poker"
''Nice-Matin'' (re-printed in the Bulletin of the Association Généalogique des Alpes Maritimes, 1^er trimestre 2012, p. 7). Retrieved 20 January 2016 .
*Michel Platini (born 1955), football player, manager and administrator.AFP(15 July 2018)
"Michel Platini encourage les Bleus"
''L'Équipe''. Retrieved 15 July 2018 .
*Pamela Anderson (born 1967), Canadian-American actress and activist for the animal rights movement.
* Adil Rami (born 1985), Moroccan-French professional footballer who played as a central defender for French club Olympique de Marseille.

Population

Gallery

See also

*Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

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