Carl Zuckmayer (27 December 1896 – 18 January 1977) was a German writer and playwright. His older brother was the pedagogue, composer, conductor, and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer.

Life and career

Born in Nackenheim in

Rhenish Hesse Rhenish Hesse or Rhine HesseDickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A regional and economic geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 542. . (german: Rheinhessen) is a region and a former government district () in the German state of Rhineland- ...

, he was the second son of Amalie (1869–1954), née Goldschmidt, and Carl Zuckmayer de (1864–1947). When he was four years old, his family moved to

Mainz Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-west, with Ma ...

. With the outbreak of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, he (like many other high school students) finished

Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium The Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium is a classical '' gymnasium'' school in the Neustadt district of Mainz. Subjects The Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium is a classical school. The first foreign language taught is Latin and the second is English. Later, thr ...

with a facilitated "emergency" ''

Abitur ''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen ye ...

'' and volunteered for military service. During the war, he served with the German Army's field artillery on the

Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to: Military frontiers * Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (Russian Empire), a maj ...

. In 1917, he published his first poems in the

pacifist Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campai ...

journal '' Die Aktion'' and he was one of the signatures of the "Appeal" published by the

Antinational Socialist Party The Antinational Socialist Party (german: Antinationale Sozialistenpartei) was a political organisation originally clandestinely founded in Berlin in 1915. Following the German Revolution of 9 November 1918, it revealed itself through the pages o ...

after the

German Revolution German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

of 9 November 1918. By this time, Zuckmayer held the rank of a ''Leutnant der Reserve'' (Reserve Officer). After the war, he took up studies at the University of Frankfurt, first in

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at t ...

, later in

biology Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary ...

and

botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

. In 1920, he married his childhood friend Annemarie Ganz, but they were divorced just one year later, when Zuckmayer had an affair with actress Annemarie Seidel. Zuckmayer's initial ventures into literature and theatre were complete failures. His first drama, ''Kreuzweg'' (1921), fell flat and was delisted after only three performances, and when he was chosen as dramatic adviser at the theatre of

Kiel Kiel () is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021). Kiel lies approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the southeast of the Jutland ...

, he lost his new job after his first, controversial staging of

Terence Publius Terentius Afer (; – ), better known in English as Terence (), was a Roman African playwright during the Roman Republic. His comedies were performed for the first time around 166–160 BC. Terentius Lucanus, a Roman senator, brought ...

's ''

The Eunuch ''The Eunuch'' (Chinese:鬼太監) is a 1971 Hong Kong ''wuxia'' film directed by Teddy Yip, and starring Pai Ying and Lisa Chiao Chiao. Cast *Pai Ying as Lord Kuei Teh Hai * Lisa Chiao Chiao as Yen Yen *Chung Wa as Prince Chu Chin *Yeung Ch ...

''. In 1924, he became a

dramaturge A dramaturge or dramaturg is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults au ...

at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, jointly with

Bertolt Brecht Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet. Coming of age during the Weimar Republic, he had his first successes as a p ...

. After another failure with his second drama, ''Pankraz erwacht oder Die Hinterwäldler'', he finally had a public success with the rustic comedy ''Der fröhliche Weinberg'' (" The Merry Vineyard") in 1925, written in his local Mainz-Frankfurt dialect. This work won him the prestigious Kleist Prize two years after it was awarded to Brecht, and launched his career. Also in 1925, Zuckmayer married the Austrian actress , and they bought a house in Henndorf, near

Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...

, in Austria. Zuckmayer's next play, ''Der Schinderhannes'', was again successful. In 1929, he wrote the script for the movie ''

Der blaue Engel ''The Blue Angel'' (german: Der blaue Engel) is a 1930 German musical comedy-drama film directed by Josef von Sternberg, and starring Marlene Dietrich, Emil Jannings and Kurt Gerron. Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert L ...

'' (starring

Marlene Dietrich Marie Magdalene "Marlene" DietrichBorn as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrich's biography by her daughter, Maria Riva ; however Dietrich's biography by Charlotte Chandler cites "Marie Magdalene" as her birth name . (, ; ...

), based on the novel ''Professor Unrat'' by

Heinrich Mann Luiz Heinrich Mann (; 27 March 1871 – 11 March 1950), best known as simply Heinrich Mann, was a German author known for his socio-political novels. From 1930 until 1933, he was president of the fine poetry division of the Prussian Academy ...

. That year, he was also awarded the Georg Büchner Prize, another prestigious German-language literary award. In 1931, his play '' Der Hauptmann von Köpenick'' premiered and became another success, but his plays were prohibited when the

Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in N ...

came to power in Germany in 1933 (Zuckmayer's maternal grandfather had been born Jewish and converted to

Protestantism Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

). Zuckmayer and his family moved to their house in Austria, where he published a few more works. After the ''

Anschluss The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a " Greater Germa ...

'', he was expatriated by the

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

government, and the Zuckmayers fled via

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

to the United States in 1939, where he first worked as a script writer in Hollywood before renting Backwoods Farm near Barnard, Vermont in 1941 and working there as a farmer until 1946. In 1943–44, Zuckmayer wrote "character portraits" of actors, writers, and other artists in Germany for the

Office of Strategic Services The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the intelligence agency of the United States during World War II. The OSS was formed as an agency of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for all branc ...

, evaluating their involvement with the Nazi regime. This became known only in 2002, when the approximately 150 reports were published in Germany under the title ''Geheimreport''. The family's Vermont years are narrated in Alice Herdan-Zuckmayer's ''Die Farm in den grünen Bergen'' ("The Farm in the Green Mountains"), a bestseller in Germany upon its 1949 publication. In January 1946, after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, Zuckmayer was granted the

US citizenship Citizenship of the United States is a legal status that entails Americans with specific rights, duties, protections, and benefits in the United States. It serves as a foundation of fundamental rights derived from and protected by the Constituti ...

he had applied for already in 1943. He returned to Germany and traveled the country for five months as a US cultural attaché. The resulting report to the War Department was first published in Germany in 2004 (''Deutschlandbericht''). His play '' Des Teufels General'' ("The Devil's General"; the main character is based on the biography of

Ernst Udet Ernst Udet (26 April 1896 – 17 November 1941) was a German Reich, German pilot during World War I and a ''Luftwaffe'' Colonel-General (''Generaloberst'') during World War II. Udet joined the Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte, Imperial German Ai ...

), which he had written in Vermont, premiered in

Zürich , neighboring_municipalities = Adliswil, Dübendorf, Fällanden, Kilchberg, Maur, Oberengstringen, Opfikon, Regensdorf, Rümlang, Schlieren, Stallikon, Uitikon, Urdorf, Wallisellen, Zollikon , twintowns = Kunming, San Francisco Z ...

on 14 December 1946. The play became a major success in post-war Germany; one of the first post-war literary attempts to broach the issue of

Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) i ...

. It was filmed in 1955 and starred Curd Jürgens. Zuckmayer kept writing: ''Barbara Blomberg'' premiered in

Konstanz Konstanz (, , locally: ; also written as Constance in English) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was t ...

in 1949 and ''Das kalte Licht'' in

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

in 1955. He also wrote the screenplay for '' Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach'', the German-language version of

Otto Preminger Otto Ludwig Preminger ( , ; 5 December 1905 – 23 April 1986) was an Austrian-American theatre and film director, film producer, and actor. He directed more than 35 feature films in a five-decade career after leaving the theatre. He first gai ...

's 1953 film '' The Moon is Blue''. Having shuttled back and forth between the U.S. and Europe for several years, the Zuckmayers left the U.S. in 1958 and settled in Saas Fee in the

Valais Valais ( , , ; frp, Valês; german: Wallis ), more formally the Canton of Valais,; german: Kanton Wallis; in other official Swiss languages outside Valais: it, (Canton) Vallese ; rm, (Chantun) Vallais. is one of the 26 cantons forming the S ...

in Switzerland. In 1966, he became a Swiss citizen, and published his memoirs, titled ''Als wär's ein Stück von mir'' ("A part of myself"). His last play, ''

Der Rattenfänger Der or DER may refer to: Places * Darkənd, Azerbaijan * Dearborn (Amtrak station) (station code), in Michigan, US * Der (Sumer), an ancient city located in modern-day Iraq * d'Entrecasteaux Ridge, an oceanic ridge in the south-west Pacific Ocean ...

'', (music by Friedrich Cerha) premiered in

in 1975. Zuckmayer died on 18 January 1977 in Visp. His body was interred on 22 January in Saas Fee. Zuckmayer received numerous awards during his life, such as the Goethe Prize of the city of

Frankfurt Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

in 1952, the ''

Bundesverdienstkreuz The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellec ...

mit Stern'' in 1955, the Austrian ''Staatspreis für Literatur'' in 1960, ''

Pour le Mérite The ' (; , ) is an order of merit (german: Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia. The was awarded as both a military and civil honour and ranked, along with the Order of the Black Eagle, the Order of the Red Eag ...

'' in 1967, and the Austrian ''Verdienstkreuz am Band'' in 1968.

Translations

* ''The Moons Ride Over'' (New York, The Viking Press, 1937, Original title ''Salwàre oder Die Magdalena von Bozen'') * ''Second Wind'' (London: George Harrap & Co., 1941) with an introduction by

Dorothy Thompson Dorothy Celene Thompson (July 9, 1893 – January 30, 1961) was an American journalist and radio broadcaster. She was the first American journalist to be expelled from Nazi Germany in 1934 and was one of the few women news commentators on radio ...

. His first autobiographical volume, the book covered his youth, his experiences in

, and his flight from Austria to America after the Anschluss. * ''A Part of Myself, Portrait of an Epoch'' (New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1970, translated by Winston, Richard and Clara), originally ''Als wär's ein Stück von mir. Horen der Freundschaft'', is an expanded memoir including his experiences in Vermont. * '' Des Teufels General'' appeared in Block, Haskell M. and Shedd, Robert G. ''Masters of Modern Drama'' (New York, Random House, 1963) translated by Ingrid G. and William F. Gilbert, and is part of The German Library. * '' The Captain of Köpenick'' appears in ''German Drama'' * ''A Late Friendship: The Letters of Karl Barth and Carl Zuckmayer'' (Grand Rapids, Michigan, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982, translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley) * '' Die Fastnachtsbeichte'' (''Carnival Confession'') published in English first, by John Geoffrey Gryles Mander and Necke Mander, in 1961 in London.

Honours and awards

* 1925: Kleist Prize * 1929: Georg Büchner Prize * 1952: Goethe Prize of the city of

Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...

* 1952: Honorary Citizenship of his birthplace, Nackenheim * 1953: Medal of the city of

Göttingen Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911. General information The ori ...

* 1955: Knight Commander's Cross of the

Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellect ...

(''Großes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern'') * 1955: * 1957: Honorary doctorate from the

University of Bonn The Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn (german: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the ( en, Rhine ...

* 1960:

Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature The Grand Austrian State Prize () is a decoration given annually by Austria to an artist for exceptional work. The recipient must be an Austrian citizen with a permanent residence in Austria. It was originally created in 1950 by then education mi ...

* 1961: Honorary Citizenship of Saas Fee * 1962: Honorary Citizenship of

* 1967: Freeman of the

Heidelberg University } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

* 1967:

Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts Pour may refer to these people: * Kour Pour (born 1987), British artist of part-Iranian descent * Mehdi Niyayesh Pour (born 1992), Iranian footballer * Mojtaba Mobini Pour (born 1991), Iranian footballer * Pouya Jalili Pour (born 1976), Iranian si ...

* 1968:

Austrian Decoration for Science and Art The Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (german: Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria and forms part of the Austrian national honours system. History The "Austrian ...

* 1971: * 1972:

Heinrich Heine Prize Heinrich Heine Prize refers to three different awards named in honour of the 19th-century German poet Christian Johann Heinrich Heine: * ''Heinrich Heine prize of Düsseldorf'' * ''Heinrich Heine prize of the Ministry for Culture'' of the former ...

of the city of

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in ...

* 1975: Ring of

Selected works

Plays

* ''Der fröhliche Weinberg'' (1925) * ''

Schinderhannes Johannes Bückler (c.1778 – 21 November 1803) was a German outlaw who orchestrated one of the most famous crime sprees in German history. He has been nicknamed Schinderhannes and Schinnerhannes in German and John the Scorcher, John the Flaye ...

'' (1927) * '' Katharina Knie'' (1928) * '' The Captain of Köpenick'' (1931) * '' Des Teufels General'' (1946) * ''Barbara Blomberg. Ein Stück in drei Akten'' 1949 Konstanz * ''Der Gesang im Feuerofen. Drama in drei Akten'' 1950 Göttingen * ''Das kalte Licht. Drama in drei Akten'' 1955 Hamburg * ''Die Uhr schlägt eins. Ein historisches Drama aus der Gegenwart'' 1961 * ''Kranichtanz. Ein Akt'' 1967 Zürich * ''Das Leben des Horace A. W. Tabor. Ein Stück aus den Tagen der letzten Könige'' (Life of Horace Tabor, written 1962–1964) 1964 Zürich * ''Der Rattenfänger. Eine Fabel'' 1975 Zürich, later set as the opera ''

'' by Friedrich Cerha, 1987 Graz

Filmography

* '' The Merry Vineyard'', directed by Jacob Fleck and

Luise Fleck Luise Fleck, also known as Luise Kolm or Luise Kolm-Fleck, née Louise or Luise Veltée (1 August 1873–15 March 1950), was an Austrian film director, and has been considered the second ever female feature film director in the world, after A ...

(1927, based on the play ''Der fröhliche Weinberg'') * '' The Prince of Rogues'', directed by

Curtis Bernhardt Curtis Bernhardt (15 April 1899 – 22 February 1981) was a Jewish film director born in Worms, Germany, under the name Kurt Bernhardt. He trained as an actor in Germany, and performed on the stage, before starting as a film director in 1924, wi ...

(1928, based on the play ''Schinderhannes'') * '' Katharina Knie'', directed by

Karl Grune Karl Grune (22 January 1890 – 2 October 1962) was an Austrian film director and writer who made many silent films in the 1920s. Grune was born into a Jewish familySiegbert Salomon Prawer, ''Between Two Worlds: The Jewish Presence in German ...

(1929, based on the play ''Katharina Knie'') * '' The Captain from Köpenick'', directed by

Richard Oswald Richard Oswald (5 November 1880 – 11 September 1963) was an Austrian film director, producer, screenwriter, and father of German-American film director Gerd Oswald. Early career Richard Oswald, born in Vienna as Richard W. Ornstein, began ...

(1931, based on the play ''The Captain of Köpenick'') * ', directed by Max Haufler (1942, based on the play ''Katharina Knie'') * '' The Captain from Köpenick'', directed by

(1945, based on the play ''The Captain of Köpenick'') * '' After the Storm'', directed by Gustav Ucicky (1948, based on the stort story ''Nach dem Sturm'') * ', directed by Gustav Ucicky (1950, based on the stort story ''Der Seelenbräu'') * '' The Merry Vineyard'', directed by Erich Engel (1952, based on the play ''Der fröhliche Weinberg'') * '' A Love Story'', directed by

Rudolf Jugert Rudolf Jugert (1907–1979) was a German film director. Selected filmography * '' Film Without a Title'' (1948) * '' Hallo, Fräulein!'' (1949) * '' A Day Will Come'' (1950) * '' Nights on the Road'' (1952) * '' Illusion in a Minor Key'' (1952) * ...

(1954, based on the stort story ''Eine Liebesgeschichte'') * ', directed by

Victor Vicas Victor Vicas (25 March 1918 – 9 December 1985) was a Russian-born French film director and screenwriter. His film ''The Wayward Bus (film), The Wayward Bus'' was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival. Between 1974 and 198 ...

(1955, based on the novel ''Herr über Leben und Tod'') * '' Des Teufels General'', directed by Helmut Käutner (1955, based on the play ''Des Teufels General'') * ''

The Girl from Flanders ''The Girl from Flanders'' (german: Ein Mädchen aus Flandern) is a 1956 romantic drama film directed by Helmut Käutner starring Nicole Berger, Maximilian Schell, and Viktor de Kowa. It is an adaption of the novel '' Engele von Löwen'' (Ang ...

'', directed by Helmut Käutner (1956, based on the play ''Engele von Loewen'') * '' The Captain from Köpenick'', directed by Helmut Käutner (1956, based on the play ''The Captain of Köpenick'') * ''Frauensee'', directed by

(1958, based on the stort story ''Ein Sommer in Österreich'') * ''

Der Schinderhannes ''Der Schinderhannes'' is a 1958 film directed by Helmut Käutner, starring Curd Jürgens and Maria Schell. It was also known as ''Duel in the Forest''. The story depicts the life of the 18th century outlaw Schinderhannes. It is based on a 1927 p ...

'', directed by Helmut Käutner (1958, based on the play ''Schinderhannes'') * ''

Carnival Confession Carnival is a Catholic Christian festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typ ...

'', directed by

William Dieterle William Dieterle (July 15, 1893 – December 9, 1972) was a German-born actor and film director who emigrated to the United States in 1930 to leave a worsening political situation. He worked in Hollywood primarily as a director for much of his ...

(1960, based on the novel '' Die Fastnachtsbeichte'') * '' Der Hauptmann von Köpenick'', directed by Frank Beyer (TV film, 1997, based on the play ''The Captain of Köpenick'')

Screenwriter

* 1926: '' Torments of the Night'' (dir.

) * 1930: '' The Blue Angel'' (dir.

Josef von Sternberg Josef von Sternberg (; born Jonas Sternberg; May 29, 1894 – December 22, 1969) was an Austrian-American filmmaker whose career successfully spanned the transition from the silent to the sound era, during which he worked with most of the major ...

), based on ''

Professor Unrat ''Professor Unrat, oder Das Ende eines Tyrannen'' (1905, trans. by Ernest Boyd as ''Small Town Tyrant''), which translates as "Professor Unclean", Herman G. Weinberg, 1967. p. 48 (footnote): "In German, the name "Rat" has the connotation of "couns ...

'' by

* 1931: '' Salto Mortale'' (dir.

E. A. Dupont Ewald André Dupont (25 December 1891 – 12 December 1956) was a German film director, one of the pioneers of the German film industry. He was often credited as E. A. Dupont. Early career A newspaper columnist in 1916, Dupont became a screenwrit ...

), based on a novel by * 1936: ''

Rembrandt Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (, ; 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally cons ...

'' (dir.

Alexander Korda Sir Alexander Korda (; born Sándor László Kellner; hu, Korda Sándor; 16 September 1893 – 23 January 1956)Boefje '' Boefje'' (, "rascal") is a 1939 Dutch children's comedic melodrama directed by Detlef Sierck. The film is based on a classic 1903 Dutch children's book of the same name, written by journalist Marie Joseph Brusse. Plot summary Jan Grovers and ...

'' (dir.

Douglas Sirk Douglas Sirk (born Hans Detlef Sierck; 26 April 1897 – 14 January 1987) was a German film director best known for his work in Hollywood melodramas of the 1950s. Sirk started his career in Germany as a stage and screen director, but he left for ...

), based on a children's book by * 1940: ''

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see names in other languages'') is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo ...

'' (dir.

Max Ophüls Maximillian Oppenheimer (; 6 May 1902 – 26 March 1957), known as Max Ophüls (; ), was a German-French film director who worked in Germany (1931–1933), France (1933–1940 and 1950–1957), and the United States (1947–1950). He made near ...

) * 1953: '' Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach'' (dir.

), based on a play by F. Hugh Herbert

References

External links

* *
Tabular biography
(in German).

in English.

(in German; has a bibliography and filmography). * {{DEFAULTSORT:Zuckmayer, Carl 1896 births 1977 deaths People from Mainz-Bingen People from Rhenish Hesse Exilliteratur writers Writers from Rhineland-Palatinate German expatriates in Austria German Army personnel of World War I Kleist Prize winners Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Georg Büchner Prize winners Recipients of the Grand Austrian State Prize Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art Goethe University Frankfurt alumni People from Windsor County, Vermont German male dramatists and playwrights 20th-century German dramatists and playwrights German people of Jewish descent 20th-century German male writers German male screenwriters 20th-century German screenwriters

Life and career

Translations

Honours and awards

Selected works

Plays

Filmography

Screenwriter

See also

References

External links