The infraclassis Carinacea includes most living species of regular
sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ...
.
Taxonomy
List of orders according to
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...
:
* Super-order
Calycina
** Order
Phymosomatoida †
** Order
Salenioida
The Salenioida are an order of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a large plate on the upper surface, with the anus to one side. They have very large tubercles between ...
* Super-order
Echinacea
''Echinacea'' is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. It has ten species, which are commonly called coneflowers. They are found only in eastern and central North America, where they grow in moist to dry prairies and open ...
** Order ''
Arbacioida''
(Gregory, 1900)
** Order ''
Camarodonta''
(Jackson, 1912)
** Order ''
Stomopneustoida''
(Kroh & Smith, 2010)
** Family ''
Glyphopneustidae''
Smith & Wright, 1993 †
* Family
Hemicidaridae
''Hemicidaridae'' is a family of extinct sea urchins characterized by large, massive, club-shaped spines.
These epifaunal grazer-deposit feeders lived in Jurassic and Cretaceous ages (from 189.6 to 112.6 Ma).
Taxonomy
List of genera and subfa ...
Wright, 1857 †
* Family
Orthopsidae Duncan, 1889 †
* Family
Pseudodiadematidae Pomel, 1883 †
Image:Phymosoma.jpg, '' Phymosoma granulosum'' ( Phymosomatoida)
Image:Salenocidaris hastigera.png, '' Salenocidaris hastigera'' (Salenioida
The Salenioida are an order of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a large plate on the upper surface, with the anus to one side. They have very large tubercles between ...
)
Image:Arbacia lixula (oursin noir).JPG, '' Arbacia lixula'' ( Arbacioida)
Image:Paracentrotus lividus Banyuls.jpg, ''Paracentrotus lividus
''Paracentrotus lividus'' is a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It is the type species of the genus and occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Description
''Paracent ...
'' ( Camarodonta)
Image:S. variolaris.jpg, '' Stomopneustes variolaris'' ( Stomopneustoida)
Image:Hemicidaris intermedia.jpg, '' Hemicidaris intermedia'' (Hemicidaridae
''Hemicidaridae'' is a family of extinct sea urchins characterized by large, massive, club-shaped spines.
These epifaunal grazer-deposit feeders lived in Jurassic and Cretaceous ages (from 189.6 to 112.6 Ma).
Taxonomy
List of genera and subfa ...
)
Image:Acrocidaris nobilis.jpg, '' Acrocidaris nobilis'' ( Pseudodiadematidae)
Bibliography
* Andreas Kroh et Andrew B. Smith, « The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids », Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, vol. 8, no 2, 2010, p. 147-212
Echinoidea
{{Echinoidea-stub