The Carangidae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

which includes the jacks, pompanos,

jack mackerel Jack mackerels or saurels are marine fish in the genus ''Trachurus'' of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words ''trachys'' ("rough") and ''oura'' ("tail"). Some species, such as ''T. murphyi'', are harvested i ...

s, runners, and scads. It is the largest of the six families included within the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

Carangiformes Carangiformes is an order of the ray-finned fishes. The order is part of a clade which is a sister clade to the Ovalentaria, the other orders in the clade being Synbranchiformes, Anabantiformes, Istiophoriformes and Pleuronectiformes. The Carangi ...

. Some authorities classify it as the only family within that order but molecular and anatomical studies indicate that there is a close relationship between this family and the five former Perciform families which make up the Carangiformes. They are marine fishes found in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the conti ...

s. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock ...

s and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates. The largest fish in the family, the

greater amberjack The greater amberjack (''Seriola dumerili''), also known as the allied kingfish, great amberfish, greater yellowtail, jenny lind, Sea donkey, purplish amberjack, reef donkey, rock salmon, sailors choice, yellowtail, and yellow trevally, is a spec ...

, ''Seriola dumerili'', grows up to 2 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm. The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the Pacific jack mackerel, ''Trachurus symmetricus'', and the other jack mackerels in the genus ''

Trachurus Jack mackerels or saurels are marine fish in the genus ''Trachurus'' of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words ''trachys'' ("rough") and ''oura'' ("tail"). Some species, such as ''T. murphyi'', are harvested in ...

''. Many genera have fairly extensive fossil records, particularly ''Caranx'' and ''Seriola'', which extend into the early

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning o ...

(late

Thanetian The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age ( ...

), and are known from whole and incomplete specimens, skeletal fragments, and otoliths. The several

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

genera include '' Archaeus'', '' Pseudovomer'', and '' Eastmanalepes''.

Subfamilies and genera

The family Carangidae is subdivided into the following subfamilies and

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

: * Subfamily Trachinotinae

Gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

, 1861 ** Genus '' Lichia''

Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...

, 1816 ** Genus '' Trachinotus'' Lacepède, 1801 * Subfamily Scomberoidinae Gill, 1890 ** Genus '' Oligoplites'' Gill, 1863 ** Genus '' Parona'' C. Berg, 1895 ** Genus ''

Scomberoides ''Scomberoides'' is a genus of carangids, known as the queenfishes, native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. The species in this genus may be venomous with the venom found on the spines of the dorsal and anal fins. Abstract ...

'' Lacepède, 1801 * Subfamily

Naucratinae Naucratinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fish from the family Carangidae which consists of five genera and 13 species. Genera The following genera are classified within the Naucratinae: * '' Campogramma'' Regan, 1903 * '' Elagatis'' F.D. B ...

Bleeker, 1859 ** Genus '' Campogramma''

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1903 ** Genus '' Elagatis'' F.D. Bennett, 1840 ** Genus '' Naucrates'' Rafinesque, 1810 ** Genus '' Seriola'' Bleeker, 1854 ** Genus ''

Seriolina The black-banded trevally (''Seriolina nigrofasciata'') is a species of carangid native to the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic coast of southeastern South Africa. This species inhabits reefs and rocky bottoms at dep ...

'' Wakiya, 1924 * Subfamily

Caranginae Caranginae is a subfamily of ray-finned fish from the family Carangidae which consists of twenty genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In th ...

Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus '' Alectis'' Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus '' Alepes'' Swainson, 1839 ** Genus '' Atropus'' Oken, 1817 ** Genus '' Atule'' D.S. Jordan & E.K. Jordan, 1922 ** Genus ''

Carangoides ''Carangoides'' is a genus of tropical to subtropical marine fishes in the jack family, Carangidae. They are small- to large-sized, deep-bodied fish characterised by a certain gill raker and jaw morphology, often appearing very similar to jacks ...

'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''

Caranx ''Caranx'' is a genus of tropical to subtropical marine fishes in the jack family Carangidae, commonly known as jacks, trevallies and kingfishes. They are moderate- to large-sized, deep-bodied fishes which are distinguished from other carangid g ...

'' Lacepède, 1801 ** Genus '' Chloroscombrus'' Girard, 1858 ** Genus ''

Decapterus ''Decapterus'' is a genus of marine fishes of jack family, Carangidae, commonly known as mackerel scads, round scads, or horse mackerel. They are found throughout the world. Species Currently, 10 or 12 recognized species are found in this genus: ...

'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Gnathodon'' Bleeker, 1850 ** Genus '' Hemicaranx'' Bleeker, 1862 ** Genus '' Megalaspis'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Pantolabus'' Whitley, 1931 ** Genus '' Parastromateus'' Bleeker, 1864 ** Genus ''

Pseudocaranx ''Pseudocaranx'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Carangidae, the jacks, trevallies, scads, and pompanos. They occur in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Indo-Pacific. Species Four recognized species are placed in this genus: * ' ...

'' Bleeker, 1863 ** Genus '' Selar'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Selaroides'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''

Selene In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (; grc-gre, Σελήνη , meaning "Moon"''A Greek–English Lexicon's.v. σελήνη) is the goddess and the personification of the Moon. Also known as Mene, she is traditionally the daughter of ...

'' Lacepède, 1802 ** Genus ''

'' Rafinesque, 1810 ** Genus '' Ulua'' D.S. Jordan & Snyder, 1908 ** Genus '' Uraspis'' Bleeker, 1855

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q501728 Carangiformes Marine fish families Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque