The capture of HMS ''Frolic'' was a naval action fought in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

on 18 October 1812, between the

sloop-of-war In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns. The rating system covered all vessels with 20 guns and above; thus, the term ''sloop-of-war'' en ...

, commanded by Master Commandant Jacob Jones, and the HM Brig ''Frolic'', under Commander Thomas Whinyates. The Americans captured the British vessel, but both vessels shortly thereafter were captured by a British

ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colu ...

which happened upon the scene of the battle.

Prelude

On 12 September 1812, a convoy of fourteen British merchant vessels left the

Gulf of Honduras The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting the coasts of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. From north to south, it runs for approximately 200 km (125 miles) from Dangriga, Belize, to La Ceiba, Honduras. ...

, bound for Britain and escorted by the ''Frolic''. On 16 October, about north of

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, the convoy was scattered by a gale. ''Frolic''s rigging was damaged, the main yard being carried away. During 17 October, the crew of the ''Frolic'' made some repairs, and by dark, six of the merchant sail had rejoined.Roosevelt, p.57 The American sloop of war USS ''Wasp'' had sailed from the

Delaware River The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock, New York, the river flows for along the borders of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, before ...

on 13 October and had run south-east to intercept ships sailing between Britain and the

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greate ...

. It too had been slightly damaged by the gale on 16 October, losing its jib boom. At 11:30 pm on 17 October, the crew spotted several sails to the leeward (downwind). Jacob Jones, commanding the ''Wasp'', kept his distance during the night, but at dawn he identified them as merchantmen, with a Royal Navy brig between them and ''Wasp'' (although Whinyates had hoisted Spanish ensigns in an attempt to lure ''Wasp'' within range).

Battle

Although the weather had cleared, there was still a strong wind blowing and a heavy sea. Both vessels shortened sail and prepared for action. The crew of ''Frolic'' took down the jury mainyard and lashed it to the deck. Since both vessels carried a main armament of short-range

carronade A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. Its main funct ...

s, there was no attempt at manoeuvering to gain advantage before the fight; instead, they closed to "within hail" (60 yards) and opened fire at 11:30 am, with the ''Wasp'' to the starboard and slightly to windward and the ''Frolic'' to port. The ''Wasp''s crew fired low, into their opponent's hull, while the ''Frolic''s gunners fired high, unusually for the Royal Navy, to disable their enemy's rigging. As the action continued, the ships closed together, until the American gunners struck the sides of the ''Frolic'' with their rammers as they reloaded.Roosevelt, p.58 After 22 minutes, ''Wasp''s rigging was badly damaged, with the main topmast, mizzen topgallant mast and gaff being shot away, and almost every brace severed, making the ship unmanageable. The ''Frolic'' was even more heavily damaged, and the crew had suffered very heavy casualties. With both vessels incapable of being handled, the ''Wasp'' drew slightly ahead and the ''Frolic'' collided with the American ship. The ''Wasp'' fired a final raking broadside which delivered the ''

coup de grâce A coup de grâce (; 'blow of mercy') is a death blow to end the suffering of a severely wounded person or animal. It may be a mercy killing of mortally wounded civilians or soldiers, friends or enemies, with or without the sufferer's consent. ...

''. At 11:52 am, American sailors boarded the ''Frolic'' to find that every British officer and over half the crew, 90 men, were wounded or dead. The Americans themselves had suffered only 10 casualties. Although it was acknowledged that the British crew had fought to their utmost, it was clear that the American gunnery had been far superior to that of the British.Forester, p.80

Aftermath

Shortly after the fighting ended, both the ''Frolic''s masts fell. An American prize crew went aboard the ''Frolic'' and attempted to repair the rigging, but a few hours later a British 74-gun ship of the line, (commanded by Captain John Beresford) came into view. ''Frolic'' was still unmanageable, and with its damaged rigging ''Wasp'' was soon overtaken and surrendered in the face of impossible odds. Beresford was due to join the fleet blockading the American coast, but thought it necessary to collect ''Frolic''s convoy and take them to Bermuda, where they were forced to remain for several days until another escort could be found. Master Commandant Jacob Jones and his crew were soon released by an exchange of prisoners. Jones was promoted and appointed to command , which had been captured from the Royal Navy on 25 October. He later served as second in command to Commodore Isaac Chauncey on

Lake Ontario Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border sp ...

. ''Frolic'' had been too badly damaged to fight again and was broken up in November 1813. ''Wasp'' was taken into service in the Royal Navy as HMS ''Loup Cervier'' (renamed HMS ''Peacock'' in 1814), but disappeared off Virginia in 1814 and presumed wrecked.

Notes

References

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External links

The War of 1812: The Wasp vs the Frolic
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Capture of HMS ''Frolic'' Frolic October 1812 events