Cannabaudes
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{{Short description, Gothic leader of the Tervings (died 271) Cannabaudes or Cannabas (died 271) was a third-century leader of the
Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
tribe of the Tervings, who died in a battle against the Roman emperor
Aurelian Aurelian ( la, Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 October 275) was a Roman emperor, who reigned during the Crisis of the Third Century, from 270 to 275. As emperor, he won an unprecedented series of military victories which reunited t ...
.


Life

In the third century many Germanic peoples invaded the Roman Empire and plundered the border regions. Among these, the Goths were the largest group crossing the Roman borders and devastating the
Balkan peninsula The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
. They also raided the coasts of the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. Emperor Aurelian, the former
magister equitum The , in English Master of the Horse or Master of the Cavalry, was a Roman magistrate appointed as lieutenant to a dictator. His nominal function was to serve as commander of the Roman cavalry in time of war, but just as a dictator could be nomi ...
of emperor Claudius Gothicus, who had died of the
plague Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pes ...
, was occupied fighting the dead emperor’s brother Quintillus for the Roman throne and later fighting against the Vandals and Juthungi in Italy. The Tervings under their leader Cannabaudes took advantage of this situation and devastated the provinces of the lower Danube and sacked some cities. On his march to the East to reintegrate the Palmyrene Empire to the Roman Empire, Aurelian drove the Tervings out of the Roman empire and, unlike others before him, followed them over the Danube. In the ensuing battle, Cannabaudes died along with 5,000 of his men. For this victory Aurelian received the surname Gothicus Maximus. At his triumph after his victory over the Palmyrene Empire, he paraded Gothic women, dressed as
Amazons In Greek mythology, the Amazons (Ancient Greek: Ἀμαζόνες ''Amazónes'', singular Ἀμαζών ''Amazōn'', via Latin ''Amāzon, -ŏnis'') are portrayed in a number of ancient epic poems and legends, such as the Labours of Hercules, ...
, and a chariot, pulled by four stags, that was said to have belonged to Cannabaudes. Despite his victory over Cannabaudes, Aurelian abandoned the province of Dacia, which was populated by barbaric tribes such as the Goths. Through his military achievements, Aurelian averted a further Gothic intrusions into Roman lands for a century. While some historians call Cannabaudes a king of the Goths, others consider that he was only one of the more powerful leaders of the Goths. The only ancient source mentioning his name is the ''
Historia Augusta The ''Historia Augusta'' (English: ''Augustan History'') is a late Roman collection of biographies, written in Latin, of the Roman emperors, their junior colleagues, designated heirs and usurpers from 117 to 284. Supposedly modeled on the sim ...
'', which is not a generally reliable source. Nevertheless, Cannabaudes is seen as a historic person by most historians. Some historians want to identify Cannabaudes with Cniva, the Gothic leader who defeated and killed emperor Decius at the Battle of Abrittus twenty years earlier, others historians consider that he was Cniva's son.Barnes 1978, 70.


Notes


Ancient sources

*Historia Augusta, vita Aureliani.


Modern literature

*Wolf von Barloewen: Geschichte der Germanen bis 376 n.Chr., in: Wolf von Barloewen d. Abriss der Geschichte antiker Randkulturen, Oldenbourg, Munich 1961. *
Timothy Barnes Timothy or Tim Barnes may refer to: * Timothy Barnes (classicist) (born 1942), British classicist * Timothy Barnes, 4th Baron Gorell (1927–2007), British businessman * Tim Barnes (politician) Timothy Kent Barnes (born December 28, 1958) is a ...
: The Sources of the Historia Augusta, Ed. Latomus, Brüssel 1978. *Thomas Burns: A History of the Ostrogoths, Indiana Univ.Press, Bloomington 1984. *Thomas Gerhardt, Udo Hartmann: Fasti, Die germanischen Herrscher, in: Klaus-Peter Johne d. Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 1192-1198. *Andreas Goltz: Die Völker an der mittleren und nordöstlichen Reichsgrenze, in: Klaus-Peter Johne d. Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 449-464. * Edmund Groag: Domitius 6Aurelian, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft V 1, Stuttgart 1903, p. 1347-1419. *Udo Hartmann: Claudius Gothicus und Aurelian, in: Klaus-Peter Johne d. Die Zeit der Soldatenkaiser, Berlin 2008, p. 297-324. * Peter Heather: The Goths, Blackwell, Oxford, Cambridge/Massachusetts 1996. *Michael Kulikowski: Rome’s Gothic Wars, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge u.a. 2007. *Bruno Rappaport: Die Einfälle der Goten in das Römische Reich bis auf Constantin, Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1899. *Alaric Watson: Aurelian and the third Century, London, New York 1998. * Herwig Wolfram: Die Goten, Beck, Munich ³1990. *Herwig Wolfram: Kniva, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 17, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2001, p. 34-37. *Herwig Wolfram: Die Goten und ihre Geschichte, Beck, Munich ²2005. *Herwig Wolfram: Gotische Studien, Beck, Munich 2005.


See also

* Thervingi * Crisis of the Third Century *
Aurelian Aurelian ( la, Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 October 275) was a Roman emperor, who reigned during the Crisis of the Third Century, from 270 to 275. As emperor, he won an unprecedented series of military victories which reunited t ...
* Cniva 3rd-century Gothic people Gothic kings Gothic warriors 271 deaths 3rd-century monarchs in Europe Crisis of the Third Century Monarchs killed in action Year of birth missing