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La Canebière is a historic high street in the old quarter of
/ref>Dana Facaros, Michael Pauls, ''Provence'', New Holland Publishers, 2004, p. 17
/ref> It has been called the ''
''Provence and the Cote D'Azur'', Lonely Planet, 2010, p. 48
/ref>
La Canebière is a historic high street in the old quarter of Marseille
Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Fra ...
, France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
Location
About a kilometre long, it runs from the ''Old Port of Marseille
The Old Port of Marseille (French: ''Vieux-Port de Marseille'', ) is at the end of the Canebière, the major street of Marseille. It has been the natural harbour of the city since antiquity and is now the main popular place in Marseille. It beca ...
'' to the ''Réformés'' quarter.Marseille Tourist Office: The Canebière/ref>Dana Facaros, Michael Pauls, ''Provence'', New Holland Publishers, 2004, p. 17
/ref> It has been called the ''
Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (, ; ) is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is l ...
of Marseille''.
Toponymy
The name 'Canebière' ('Canabiera' inProvençal dialect
Provençal (, , ; french: provençal , ; oc, provençau or ) is a Romance language, either considered as a variety of Occitan or a separate language, spoken by people in Provence and parts of Drôme. Historically, the term Provençal has be ...
) comes from the word ''Cannabis
''Cannabis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: '' Cannabis sativa'', '' C. indica'', and '' C. ruderalis''. Alternative ...
'' in Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, as the area around the Old Port were originally hemp
Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a botanical class of '' Cannabis sativa'' cultivars grown specifically for industrial or medicinal use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants ...
fields and Marseille was one of the world's largest trader of hemp baskets and ropes from the Middle Ages until the 1930s, when other fibers were used instead./ref>
History
The avenue was built in 1666, when KingLouis XIV of France
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of ...
(1638–1715) decided to expand the city of Marseille.
At the end of the eighteenth century, as the ''Grand Arsenal'' shipbuilding dock was demolished, the avenue was extended down to the Old Port and elegant buildings were built. Only as late as 1928 was it extended from the Old Port to the Église Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
The Église Saint-Vincent-de-Paul (''Les Réformés'') is a Roman Catholic church in Marseille, France.
Location
It is located off the top of the Canebière, in the Thiers districtDominique Auzias, ''Marseille 2013 Petit Futé'', Le Petit Fut ...
(also known as the Église des Réformés).
During the French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (french: Troisième République, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 ...
(1871–1940), it became a haven for high society, with many cafés, luxury hotels and boutiques, and music hall
Music hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was popular from the early Victorian era, beginning around 1850. It faded away after 1918 as the halls rebranded their entertainment as variety. Perceptions of a distinction in Br ...
performances. However, it was marred by the assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia
Alexander I ( sr-Cyrl, Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, ) ( – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yu ...
on the avenue on 9 October 1934. That day, French foreign minister Louis Barthou
Jean Louis Barthou (; 25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913. In social policy, his time as prime minister saw the introduction (in Jul ...
was fatally wounded as a result of this incident. Moreover, on 28 October 1938, the ''Nouvelles Galeries'' store was destroyed by fire, killing 75. The tragedy led to the reorganisation of Marseille's firefighters battalion, and the mayor, Henri Tasso
Henri Tasso (8 October 1882 – 12 February 1944) was a French Socialist politician. He served as the Mayor of Marseille from 1935 to 1939. He also served as a member of the National Assembly from 1924 to 1938, and of the Senate from 1938 to 1945 ...
, was dismissed.
The avenue fell in disarray after the French colonial empire
The French colonial empire () comprised the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the "First French Colonial Empire", that exist ...
came to an end by the 1960s. In recent years, it has been refurbished.
The new Line T2 of the Tramway de Marseille runs along La Canebière between Rue de Rome/Cours Belsunce and Réformés. Noailles (M2) and Vieux-Port (M1) metro stations are located along the street.
On 8 May 2017, the city of Marseille organized the "Bal Patriotique" (English: "Patriotic Ball") on the Canebière to commemorate the anniversary of the Liberation of France
The liberation of France in the Second World War was accomplished through diplomacy, politics and the combined military efforts of the Allied Powers, Free French forces in London and Africa, as well as the French Resistance.
Nazi Germany inv ...
which occurred on 8 May 1945. A similar ball was organized in 2016.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canebiere 1st arrondissement of Marseille Streets in Marseille Hemp 1666 establishments in France Cannabis in France