Campos dos Goytacazes () is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

located in the northern region of

Rio de Janeiro State Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, with a population of 471,737 inhabitants.

Location

Campos dos Goytacazes has an area of 4,032 km² (1,557 sq mi), which makes it the largest municipality in the state by area, and its elevation is 14 m. Its name comes from the geographical characteristic of the region, very flat with fields (''campos'' in Portuguese) and from the Goytacazes Indians, which inhabited the region. Campos, as the city is usually known, is a macro region of the Northern Fluminense, and is a micro region of Campos dos Goytacazes. The city has a tropical climate. The municipality contains part of the

Desengano State Park The Desengano State Park ( pt, Parque Estadual do Desengano) is a state park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of rugged mountains with a large remnant of Atlantic Forest that is home to various endangered species. Locati ...

, created in 1970. The city's distance to

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

city, which is the capital of the state, is . BR-101 is the access highway of the city of Campos. Regular air services are operated from its airport Bartolomeu Lysandro. It is the easternmost municipality in Rio de Janeiro.

History

Colonization of the area started in the 16th century, and the village of São Salvador de Campos de Goytacazes was founded on May 29, 1677. On March 28, 1835, the village was promoted to city status. The

Roman Catholic Diocese of Campos The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campos ( la, Dioecesis Camposinus) is a diocese located in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes in the Ecclesiastical province of Niterói in Brazil. History On December 4, 1922 it was established as the Diocese of Camp ...

was the see of Bishop

Antônio de Castro Mayer Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from vespoid wasp ancestors in the Cretaceous period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22 ...

, nicknamed "The Lion of Campos", who was one of the bishops who opposed the

Vatican II The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the , or , was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. The council met in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome for four periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and ...

reforms and who teamed with Archbishop

Marcel Lefebvre Marcel François Marie Joseph Lefebvre (; 29 November 1905 – 25 March 1991) was a French Catholic archbishop who greatly influenced modern traditional Catholicism. In 1970, he founded the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), a community to tra ...

of Dakar to consecrate four independent bishops in Écône, Switzerland, in 1988. Nowadays there are in Campos two Roman Catholic jurisdictions: a Diocese, whose Bishop is Monsignor Roberto Gomes Guimarães and the

Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney The Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney ( la, Administratio Apostolica Personalis Sancti Ioannis Mariae Vianney) was established on 18 January 2002 by Pope John Paul II for traditionalist Catholic clergy and laity with ...

, whose Apostolic Administrator is Monsignor Fernando Areas Rifan.

Climate

According to data provided by the

National Institute of Meteorology Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) is the national Meteorology, meteorological organization of Brazil, responsible for weather forecasting, collecting climate data, and alerting the public of extreme weather. It is part of the Ministry of Ag ...

(INMET), the lowest recorded temperature in Campos dos Goytacazes was on 6 July 1942 and the highest was on 31 October 2012. The most accumulated precipitation in the same period was on 23 December 1955. Records equal or superior to include: * on 2 November 1977, * on 18 November 2008, * on 14 November 2016, * on 20 November 1972, * on 24 November de 1966, * on 6 March 1960, * on 27 November 1992, * on 11 November 1970, * on 12 December 2005, * on 23 February 1933, * on 28 November 2008 and * on 28 March 1966.

Economy

City's

economy An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the ...

is based on

oil extraction Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum was formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil dri ...

. The

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is ofte ...

for the city was R$17,283,381. (2016). The

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita i ...

for the city was R$35,475. (2016).

Crime

Campos dos Goytacazes recorded 233 homicides in 2018 for a murder rate of 46 homicides per 100,000 people for the year. This makes Campos dos Goytacazes the most violent city in the southern half of Brazil.

Education

Educational institutions

Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense The State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro ( pt, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro", UENF) is a public university located in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The university was planned ...

; *

Universidade Cândido Mendes Universidade Candido Mendes is a private university located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is Latin America's oldest private university. History It was founded in 1902, thus being the oldest private university in Latin America, by the Count Când ...

; *

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro The Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro ( pt, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ) is a public university located in Seropédica in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It possesses the largest campus among Latin American ...

;
Faculdade de Medicina de Campos

Faculdade de Direito de Campos

Faculdade de Odontologia Campos

IF Fluminense (former CEFET Campos)
* Universidade Federal Fluminense;
Universidade Salgado de Oliveira
*

Universidade Estácio de Sá The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad". The Universiade is referred t ...

;
Faculdade Batista Fluminense

Ise-Censa

Unigranrio

Demographics

The population of Campos is 471,737, up from the 436,008 in 2000, but down from the 1990s, 1980s, 1970s, 1960s and 1950s. The city in the 1950s was the second largest of the state of

. The reasons behind these reductions are the "crash" that the economy of the town, based on oil, suffered in 1954, something similar that happened in

Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...

with the auto industries. According to the 2010 census of

IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( pt, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information ...

(Brazilian institute of geography and statistics), whites represent 47.6% of population, brown or mulatos 36.8% and black of African 14.6%. Other races represent 1.0% of the populatio

Uenf entrada

Sports

There are at least four association football, football clubs in the city, namely Americano, Campos,

Goytacaz Goytacaz might refer to: * Goytacaz Futebol Clube, Brazilian football club * Goytacaz language, Brazilian language * Campos dos Goytacazes Campos dos Goytacazes () is a municipality located in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Bra ...

and Rio Branco. The derby between Americano and Goytacaz is known as Goyta-cano.

References

External links

Campos Prefecture Official Website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Campos Dos Goytacazes Populated coastal places in Rio de Janeiro (state) Populated places established in 1677 1835 establishments in Brazil Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state)