The Calpinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...

s in the family

Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings (''Catocala'' ...

described by

Jean Baptiste Boisduval Jean Baptiste Alphonse Déchauffour de Boisduval (24 June 1799 – 30 December 1879) was a French lepidopterist, botanist, and physician. He was one of the most celebrated lepidopterists of France, and was the co-founder of the Société entomo ...

in 1840. This subfamily includes many species of moths that have a pointed and barbed

proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elong ...

adapted to piercing the skins of fruit to feed on juice, and in the case of the several '' Calyptra'' species of vampire moths, to piercing the skins of mammals to feed on blood. The subfamily contains some large moths with wingspans longer than 5 cm (2 in).

Taxonomy

Recent

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups ...

studies have greatly revised this subfamily. The subfamily was previously classified within the

Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other ...

, but the redefinition of that family has reclassified many of that family's subfamilies, including Calpinae, into the family

. The Calpinae are most closely related to a clade including the subfamilies

Eulepidotinae Eulepidotinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. Adult males in the subfamily have midtibial tufts of hairs. Adult females have the ostial opening located between the seventh and eighth abdominal sternites instead of located ante ...

and

Hypocalinae Hypocalinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromo ...

, which are also among the Erebidae. The tribes

Anomini The Anomini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Genera *''Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = " Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville , LargestCounty = ...

and Scoliopterygini, previously included in the Calpinae, were found to be distantly related and were reclassified into a separate subfamily as the Scoliopteryginae.

Tribes

The Calpinae consist of three

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...

tribes. * Calpini * Ophiderini *

Phyllodini The Phyllodini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Taxonomy The Phyllodini are thought to be one of the two clades comprising the Calpinae The Calpinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduv ...

Previous taxonomy

The status of the former composition of the Calpinae was somewhat disputed; it was sometimes merged into the

Catocalinae The Catocalinae are a subfamily of noctuoid moths, placed in family Noctuidae. In the alternative arrangement, where the Noctuidae are reduced to the core group around the Noctuinae, the present lineage is abolished, the upranked Catocalini b ...

. Most of the calpine genera were not further classified. The

structure of this group was essentially unresolved, and in many cases it was even doubtful whether the genera were indeed correctly placed in this subfamily. Tribe Calpini * '' Africalpe'' Krüger, 1939 * '' Calyptra'' Ochsenheimer, 1816 * ''

Eudocima ''Eudocima'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae with numerous tropical species. The genus was first categorised by Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820, and species currently in the genus have been placed under a range of other genera in the pas ...

'' Billberg, 1820 * ''

Ferenta ''Ferenta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth ...

'' Walker, 1858 * ''

Gonodonta ''Gonodonta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetter ...

'' Hübner, 1818 * ''

Graphigona ''Graphigona'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Francis Walker in 1857. Its only species, ''Graphigona regina'', was first described by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 ...

'' Walker, 1858 * ''

Oraesia ''Oraesia'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée was ...

'' Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 * ''

Plusiodonta ''Plusiodonta'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae erected by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée was born in Ch ...

'' Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 * ''

Tetrisia ''Tetrisia'' is a genus of shield bugs belonging to the family Plataspidae. The same genus name was published as a new moth genus, '' Tetrisia'', four months later by the same author, making the latter an invalid junior homonym, in need of forma ...

'' Walker, 1867 Tribe Gonopterini * ''

Scoliopteryx ''Scoliopteryx'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar Ernst Friedrich Germar (3 November 1786 – 8 July 1853) was a German professor and director of the Mineralogical Museum at Halle. A ...

'' Genera ''incertae sedis'' * ''

Cecharismena ''Cecharismena'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Möschler in 1890. Taxonomy The genus has previously been classified in the subfamily Phytometrinae within Erebidae or in the subfamily Calpinae of the family ...

'' Möschler, 1890 * ''

Culasta The genus ''Calyptra'' is a group of moths in subfamily Calpinae of the family Erebidae. They are a member of the Calpini tribe, whose precise circumscription is uncertain but which includes a number of other fruit-piercing or eye-frequenting g ...

'' Moore, 1881 * ''

Euryschema ''Euryschema'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae. Its only species, ''Euryschema tricycla'', is known from Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensl ...

'' Turner, 1925 * '' Epicyrtica'' Turner, 1908 * ''

Goniapteryx ''Goniapteryx'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Maximilian Perty in 1833. Species *'' Goniapteryx elegans'' (1878) Jamaica *'' Goniapteryx sergilia'' (Stoll, 780 __NOTOC__ Year 780 ( DCCLXXX) was a le ...

'' Perty, 1833 * '' Hemiceratoides'' Strand, 1911 * '' Pharga'' Walker, 1863 * '' Phyprosopus'' Grote, 1872 * ''

Psammathodoxa ''Psammathodoxa'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macr ...

'' Dyar, 1921 * '' Radara'' Walker, 1862 Genera provisionally placed here (incomplete list); includes taxa sometimes separated in Ophiderinae

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2934400 Calpinae Moth subfamilies