''Calamaria'' is a large
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of dwarf burrowing snakes of the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
. The genus is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
to
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The eight to 11
maxilla
The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. T ...
ry teeth are subequal; the anterior
mandibular
In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth, teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movabl ...
teeth are somewhat longer than the posterior ones. The head is not distinct from neck; the eye is small, with a round pupil; the nostril is pierced in a minute
nasal scale
In reptiles, the nasal scale refers to the scale that encloses the nostril.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .
Sometimes this ...
. No
loreal,
internasal, or
temporal scales
Temporal may refer to:
Entertainment
* Temporal (band), an Australian metal band
* ''Temporal'' (Radio Tarifa album), 1997
* ''Temporal'' (Love Spirals Downwards album), 2000
* ''Temporal'' (Isis album), 2012
* ''Temporal'' (video game), a 20 ...
are present; the
preocular
In scaled reptiles, the ocular scales are those forming the margin of the eye.Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. ''Handbook of Snakes''. Comstock Publishing Associates (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. . The name originates from the term ''oculus'' which ...
can be present or absent; the
parietals contact the
labials. The body is cylindrical, with smooth
dorsal scales
In snakes, the dorsal scales are the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, but do not include the ventral scales
In snakes, the ventral scales or gastrosteges are the enlarged and transversely elongated scales that extend down t ...
, without apical pits, in 13 rows. The tail is short; the
subcaudals
In snakes, the subcaudal scales are the enlarged plates on the underside of the tail.Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes. Comstock Publishing Associates (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. . These scales may be either single or divided (pair ...
are paired.
Species
The following 67 described species in the genus ''Calamaria'' are recognized as being valid.
[
*'' Calamaria abramovi''
*'']Calamaria abstrusa
''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...
''
*''Calamaria acutirostris
''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...
''
*''Calamaria albiventer
''Calamaria albiventer'' is a species of snake in the family Colubridae . It is found in parts of Peninsular Malaysia, possibly Singapore, and in Sumatra, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast ...
''
*''Calamaria alcalai
''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ...
''
*'' Calamaria alidae''
*''Calamaria andersoni
''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...
''
*'' Calamaria apraeocularis''
*'' Calamaria arcana''
*'' Calamaria banggaiensis''
*'' Calamaria battersbyi''
*'' Calamaria bicolor''
*'' Calamaria bitorques''
*'' Calamaria boesemani''
*'' Calamaria borneensis''
*'' Calamaria brongersmai'' – Brongersma's reed snake[
*'' Calamaria buchi''
*'' Calamaria butonensis''
*'' Calamaria ceramensis''
*'' Calamaria concolor''
*'' Calamaria crassa''
*'' Calamaria curta''
*'' Calamaria doederleini''
*'' Calamaria dominici''
*'' Calamaria eiselti''
*'' Calamaria everetti''
*'' Calamaria forcarti''
*'' Calamaria gervaisii''
*'' Calamaria gialaiensis''
*'' Calamaria grabowskyi''
*'' Calamaria gracillima''
*'' Calamaria griswoldi''
*'' Calamaria hilleniusi''
*'' Calamaria ingeri''
*'' Calamaria javanica''
*'' Calamaria joloensis''
*'' Calamaria lateralis''
*'' Calamaria lautensis''
*'' Calamaria leucogaster''
*'' Calamaria linnaei''
*'' Calamaria longirostris''
*'' Calamaria lovii''
*'' Calamaria lumbricoidea''
*'' Calamaria lumholtzi''
*'']Calamaria margaritophora
''Calamaria'' is a large genus of dwarf burrowing snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus contains 66 recognized species. The genus is endemic to Asia.
Description
Species in the genus ''Calamaria'' share the following characteristics. The ei ...
''
*'' Calamaria mecheli''
*'' Calamaria melanota''
*'' Calamaria modesta''
*'' Calamaria muelleri''
*'' Calamaria nebulosa''
*'' Calamaria nuchalis''
*'' Calamaria palavanensis''
*'' Calamaria pavimentata''
*'' Calamaria pfefferi'' – Pfeffer's reed snake[ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . (''Calamaria brongersmai'', p. 39; ''C. pfefferi'', p. 205).]
*'' Calamaria prakkei''
*'' Calamaria rebentischi''
*'' Calamaria sangi''
*'' Calamaria schlegeli'' – pink-headed reed snake
*'' Calamaria schmidti'' – Schmidt's reed snake
*'' Calamaria septentrionalis''
*'' Calamaria strigiventris'' – striped-belly reed snake
*'' Calamaria suluensis''
*'' Calamaria sumatrana''
*'' Calamaria thanhi'' [ Ziegler, Thomas; Quyet, Le Khac (2005)]
"A new species of reed snake, ''Calamaria'' (Squamata: Colubridae), from the Central Truong Son (Annamite mountain range), Vietnam"
''Zootaxa'' 1042: 27–38. (''Calamaria thanhi'', new species).
*'' Calamaria ulmeri''
*'' Calamaria virgulata''
*'' Calamaria yunnanensis''
''Nota bene
(, or ; plural form ) is a Latin phrase meaning "note well".
It is often abbreviated as NB, n.b., or with the ligature
and first appeared in English writing . In Modern English, it is used, particularly in legal papers, to draw the atten ...
'': A binomial authority
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Calamaria''.
See also
* Colubridae
References
External links
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1896675
Colubrids
Snake genera
Taxa named by Friedrich Boie