CORA (standing for Coriolis Ocean database ReAnalysis) is a global oceanographic temperature and salinity dataset produced and maintained by the French institute

IFREMER IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer; ) is an oceanographic institution in Brest, France. Scope of works Ifremer focuses its research activities in the following areas: * Monitoring, use and enhancement of co ...

. Most of those data are real-time data coming from different types of platforms such as

research vessels A research vessel (RV or R/V) is a ship or boat designed, modified, or equipped to carry out research at sea. Research vessels carry out a number of roles. Some of these roles can be combined into a single vessel but others require a dedicate ...

, profilers,

underwater gliders An underwater glider is a type of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that employs variable-buoyancy propulsion instead of traditional propellers or thrusters. It employs variable buoyancy in a similar way to a profiling float, but unlike a flo ...

, drifting buoys, moored buoys,

sea mammals Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their re ...

and ships of opportunity.

Description

This in-situ dataset produced by the French institute

Ifremer IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer; ) is an oceanographic institution in Brest, France. Scope of works Ifremer focuses its research activities in the following areas: * Monitoring, use and enhancement of co ...

in the framework of the European project MyOcean and French project CORIOLIS is a picture of the content of the operational oceanographic database CORIOLIS. This database is the main tool of Coriolis project which is a global data assembly center of in situ data: such a
US-GODAE
centre of

Monterey Monterey (; es, Monterrey; Ohlone: ) is a city located in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on the U.S. state of California's Central Coast. Founded on June 3, 1770, it functioned as the capital of Alta California under bot ...

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...

. The latest version of CORA product is v3.3, it covers the years 1990 up to 2011 and has been released in July 2012. Observations are profiles distributed on measured levels (pressure or depth) and organized by dates of measurement and type of platform. Main users of CORA dataset are ocean modelers who needs to constraint and initialize their model. CORA is free of access and can be download via CORIOLIS website in

netCDF NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidat ...

file format. The main different of CORA dataset with other available datasets is that CORA provides data at depth levels where measurements were made rather than at standard levels such as in

World Ocean Atlas The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) is a data product of the Ocean Climate Laboratory of the National Oceanographic Data Center (U.S.). The WOA consists of a climatology of fields of ''in situ'' ocean properties for the World Ocean. It was first produc ...

o
ENACT3
In addition data in CORA are retrieved from Coriolis database where each profile is visually checked by specialist operators if suspicious.

Validation procedure

Validation in database

* duplicate observation check * automatic checks (spikes, climatology, monotonic depth, valid date/position,...) * objective analysis (ISAS software with 21 days, 300 km covariance ray): suspicious observations are visualized by an operator

Validation post extraction

* second duplicate observation check (detection and choice parameters tuned) * refined climatological test * XBT depth correction * second objective analysis with tuned parameters: anomalies are visualized *

ARGO In Greek mythology the ''Argo'' (; in Greek: ) was a ship built with the help of the gods that Jason and the Argonauts sailed from Iolcos to Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece. The ship has gone on to be used as a motif in a variety of ...

special diagnostics

Data sources

The CORA dataset is designed for operational oceanography, so most global real time monitoring networks are plugged into this database. The data sources are the following: *

(autonomous drifting profilers) * The global network of moored buoys comprising the TAO/TRITON,

PIRATA Pirata may refer to: * ''Pirata'' (album), a 1989 album by Litfiba * Pirata (footballer) (born 1987), a Portuguese footballer * ''Pirata'' (graphic novel), a graphic novel by Pol Medina, Jr * ''Pirata'' (spider), a genus of wolf spiders * ''Il ...

and

RAMA Rama (; ), Ram, Raman or Ramar, also known as Ramachandra (; , ), is a major deity in Hinduism. He is the seventh and one of the most popular '' avatars'' of Vishnu. In Rama-centric traditions of Hinduism, he is considered the Supreme Bei ...

arrays * EGO (

) * GTSPP (channel of real-time data distribution maintained by the US institute

NOAA The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA ) is an United States scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce that forecasts weather, monitors oceanic and atmospheric conditio ...

) * GOSUDhttp://www.gosud.org/ GOSUD Website> thermosalinograph data coming from opportunity ships * GTS ( BATHY, TESSAC, drifting buoys messages) channel of low resolution data distribution * Sea mammals equipped with sensors (

seals Seals may refer to: * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly: ** Earless seal, or "true seal" ** Fur seal * Seal (emblem), a device to impress an emblem, used as a means of a ...

and sea elephants) * other datasets integrated in delayed-time ( CTD, XBT, oceanographic cruises,...)

Versions

References

External links

official website of CORIOLIS project

official website of MyOcean project
{{physical oceanography Databases in France Environmental science databases