CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a

cell adhesion molecule Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each ...

expressed on

Antigen Presenting Cell An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells may recognize these complexes using ...

s (APC), particularly

macrophage Macrophages (abbreviated as M φ, MΦ or MP) ( el, large eaters, from Greek ''μακρός'' (') = large, ''φαγεῖν'' (') = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests pathogens, such as cancer ce ...

s. It binds to

CD2 CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette rece ...

(LFA-2) on

T cell A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell r ...

s and is important in strengthening the adhesion between the T cells and Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. This adhesion occurs as part of the transitory initial encounters between T cells and Antigen Presenting Cells before T cell activation, when T cells are roaming the

lymph node A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that includ ...

s looking at the surface of APCs for peptide:MHC complexes the

T-cell receptor The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The binding b ...

s are reactive to. Polymorphisms in the CD58 gene are associated with increased risk for

multiple sclerosis Multiple (cerebral) sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This ...

. Genomic region containing the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1335532, associated with high risk of

, has enhancer properties and can significantly boost the CD58 promoter activity in lymphoblast cells. The protective (C) rs1335532 allele creates functional binding site for

ASCL2 Achaete-scute complex homolog 2 (Drosophila), also known as ASCL2, is an imprinted human gene. Function This gene is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family of transcription factors. It activates transcription by binding to the E ...

transcription factor, a target of the

Wnt signaling pathway The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt is a portmanteau created from the names Wingless and Int-1. Wnt signaling ...

CD58 plays a role in the regulation of colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs). Thus, cells that express CD58 have become a cell of interest in tumorigenesis. Mutations of CD58 have been linked to immune evasion observed in some lymphomas and studies are underway to analyze how its involvement directly affects classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

References

External links

* Human proteins {{biochem-stub