Oliver Burgess Meredith (November 16, 1907 – September 9, 1997) was an American actor and filmmaker whose career encompassed theater, film, and television. Active for more than six decades, Meredith has been called "a virtuosic actor" and "one of the most accomplished actors of the century". A lifetime member of the Actors Studio, he won several Emmys, was the first male actor to win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, and was nominated for two

Academy Awards The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...

. He established himself as a leading man in Hollywood with critically acclaimed performances as Mio Romagna in '' Winterset'' (1936),

George Milton ''Of Mice and Men'' is a novella written by John Steinbeck. Published in 1937, it narrates the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job ...

in ''

Of Mice and Men ''Of Mice and Men'' is a novella written by John Steinbeck. Published in 1937, it narrates the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in California in search of new job o ...

'' (1939), and

Ernie Pyle Ernest Taylor Pyle (August 3, 1900 – April 18, 1945) was a Pulitzer Prize–winning American journalist and war correspondent who is best known for his stories about ordinary American soldiers during World War II. Pyle is also notable for the ...

in ''

The Story of G.I. Joe ''The Story of G.I. Joe'', also credited in prints as ''Ernie Pyle's Story of G.I. Joe'', is a 1945 American war film directed by William A. Wellman, starring Burgess Meredith and Robert Mitchum. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, i ...

'' (1945). Meredith was known later in his career for his appearances on ''

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'' and for portraying

The Penguin The Penguin is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character made his first appearance in ''Detective Comics'' #58 (December 1941) and was created by Bob ...

in the 1960s TV series '' Batman'' and

boxing Boxing (also known as "Western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermine ...

trainer Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky (film series), ''Rocky'' film series. For his performances in ''The Day of the Locust (film), The Day of the Locust'' (1975) and ''Rocky'' (1976), he received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He later appeared in the comedy ''Foul Play (1978 film), Foul Play'' (1978) and the fantasy film ''Clash of the Titans (1981 film), Clash of the Titans'' (1981). He narrated numerous films and documentaries during his long career. "Although those performances renewed his popularity," observed Mel Gussow in ''The New York Times'', "they represented only a small part of a richly varied career in which he played many of the more demanding roles in classical and contemporary theater—in plays by William Shakespeare, Shakespeare, Eugene O'Neill, O'Neill, Samuel Beckett, Beckett and others."

Early life

Meredith was born in 1907 in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Ida Beth (née Burgess; 1861–1933) and Dr. William George Meredith (1861–1938), a Canadian-born physician of English descent.Burgess Meredith genealogy
by Robert Battle, hosted at freepages.rootsweb His mother came from a long line of Methodist revivalists, a religion to which he adhered throughout his lifetime. He graduated from Hoosac School in 1926 and then attended Amherst College (class of 1931). He left Amherst and became a reporter for the ''Stamford Advocate''.

Career

Theatre

In 1929, he became a member of Eva Le Gallienne's Civic Repertory Theatre company in New York City. Although best known to the larger world audience for his film and television work, Meredith was an influential actor and director for the stage. He made his Broadway theatre, Broadway debut as Peter in Le Gallienne's production of ''Romeo and Juliet'' (1930) and became a star in Maxwell Anderson's ''Winterset (play), Winterset'' (1935), which became his film debut the following year. His early life and theatre work were the subject of a ''The New Yorker, New Yorker'' profile. In 1935, he starred along with Hugh Williams at the Martin Beck Theatre in John Van Druten's ''Flowers of the Forest (play), Flowers of the Forest''. He garnered critical acclaim in the 1935 Broadway revival of ''The Barretts of Wimpole Street'' starring Katharine Cornell. She subsequently cast him in several of her later productions. Other Broadway roles included Van van Dorn in ''High Tor (play), High Tor'' (1937), Liliom in ''Liliom'' (1940), Christy Mahon in ''The Playboy of the Western World'' (1946), and Adolphus Cusins in ''Major Barbara'' (1956). He created the role of Erie Smith in the English language, English-language premiere of Eugene O'Neill's ''Hughie'' at the Theater Royal in Bath, Somerset, Bath, England in 1963. He played Hamlet in ''avant garde'' theatrical and radio productions of the play. A distinguished theatre director, he earned a Tony Award nomination for his 1974 Broadway staging of ''Ulysses in Nighttown'', a theatrical adaptation of the "Nighttown" section of James Joyce's ''Ulysses (novel), Ulysses''. Meredith also shared a Special Tony Award with James Thurber for their collaboration on ''A Thurber Carnival'' (1960). In the late seventies, he directed Fionnula Flanagan's one-woman multi-role play ''James Joyce's Women'', which toured for several years.

Cinema

Early in his career, Meredith attracted favorable attention, especially for playing George in a 1939 adaptation of John Steinbeck's ''

'' and as war correspondent

in ''

'' (1945). He was featured in many 1940s films, including three—''Second Chorus'' (1940), ''The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946 film), Diary of a Chambermaid'' (1946), and ''On Our Merry Way'' (1948) — co-starring his then-wife Paulette Goddard. As a result of the House Committee on Un-American Activities investigation, Meredith was placed on the Hollywood blacklist, and was largely absent from film for the next decade, though he remained involved in stage plays and radio during this time. Meredith was a favorite of director Otto Preminger, who cast him in ''Advise and Consent (film), Advise and Consent'' (1962), ''The Cardinal'' (1963), ''In Harm's Way'' (1965), ''Hurry Sundown (film), Hurry Sundown'' (1967), ''Skidoo (film), Skidoo'' (1968), and ''Such Good Friends'' (1971). He was in ''Madame X (1966 film), Madame X'' (with Lana Turner, 1966) and ''Stay Away Joe'' (1968), appearing as the father of Elvis Presley's character. He was acclaimed by critics for his performance as Harry Greener in ''The Day of the Locust (film), The Day of the Locust'' (1975) and received nominations for the BAFTA, Golden Globe Award, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for best supporting actor. Meredith then played Rocky Balboa's trainer Mickey Goldmill in the first three ''Rocky'' films (1976, 1979, and 1982). Though his character died in the third ''Rocky'' film, he returned briefly in a flashback in the fifth film, ''Rocky V'' (1990). His portrayal in the first film earned him his second consecutive nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Meredith played an old Korean War veteran Captain J. G. Williams in ''The Last Chase'' (1981) with Lee Majors. He appeared in Ray Harryhausen's last stop-motion feature ''Clash of the Titans (1981 film), Clash of the Titans'' (also 1981) in a supporting role. Meredith appeared in ''Santa Claus: The Movie'' (1985) and was a voice actor in ''G.I. Joe: The Movie'' (1989). In his last years, he played Jack Lemmon's character's sex-crazed 95-year-old father in ''Grumpy Old Men (film), Grumpy Old Men'' (1993) and its sequel, ''Grumpier Old Men'' (1995). Meredith directed the movie ''The Man on the Eiffel Tower'' (1949) starring Charles Laughton, which was produced by Irving Allen. Meredith also was billed in a supporting role in this film. In 1970, he directed (as well as co-wrote and played a supporting role in) ''The Yin and the Yang of Mr. Go'', an espionage caper starring James Mason and Jeff Bridges.

Television

Meredith appeared in four different starring roles in the anthology TV series ''

'', tying him with Jack Klugman for the most appearances on the show in a starring role. In his first appearance in 1959, "Time Enough at Last", he portrayed a henpecked bookworm who finds himself the sole survivor of an unspecified apocalypse which leads him to contemplate suicide until he discovers the ruins of the library. In 1961's "Mr. Dingle, the Strong", Meredith played the title character, a timid weakling who receives superhuman strength from an Extraterrestrial life, extraterrestrial experiment in human nature. Also that year in "The Obsolete Man", Meredith portrayed a librarian sentenced to death in a dystopia, dystopic totalitarian society. Lastly, in 1963's "Printer's Devil", Meredith portrayed the Devil himself. He later played two additional roles in Rod Serling's other anthology series, ''Night Gallery''. Meredith was the narrator for ''Twilight Zone: The Movie'' in 1983. He appeared in various other television programs, including the role of Christopher Norbert III, in the 1962 episode "Hooray, Hooray, the Circus Is Coming to Town" of the NBC medical drama about psychiatry, ''The Eleventh Hour (1962 TV series), The Eleventh Hour'', starring Wendell Corey and Jack Ging. He also guest starred in the American Broadcasting Company, ABC drama about psychiatry, ''Breaking Point (1963 TV series), Breaking Point'', in the 1963 episode titled "Heart of Marble, Body of Stone". Meredith appeared in various Western (genre), western series, such as ''Rawhide (TV series), Rawhide'' (four times), ''The Virginian (TV series), The Virginian'' (twice), ''Wagon Train'', ''Branded (TV series), Branded'', ''The Wild Wild West'', ''The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters (TV series), The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters'', ''Laredo (TV series), Laredo'', ''Bonanza'', and ''Daniel Boone (1964 TV series), Daniel Boone''. In 1963, he appeared as Vincent Marion in a five-part episode of the last season of the Warner Bros. ABC detective series ''77 Sunset Strip''. He appeared three times in ''Burke's Law (1963 TV series), Burke's Law'' (1963–1964), starring Gene Barry.

Meredith was also well known for his portrayal of Penguin (comics), the Penguin in the television series '' Batman'' from 1966 to 1968 and in the Batman (1966 film), 1966 film based on the TV series. His role as the Penguin was so well-received that the show's writers always had a script featuring the Penguin ready whenever Meredith was available. Meredith made 21 appearances on the series as the Penguin. He also made a brief cameo appearance as the Penguin in the 1968 episode of ''The Monkees (TV series), The Monkees'' titled "Monkees Blow Their Minds". From 1972 to 1973, Meredith played V. C. R. Cameron, director of ''Probe Control'', in the television movie/pilot ''Probe (TV pilot), Probe'' and then in ''Search (American TV series), Search'', the subsequent TV series (the name was changed to avoid conflict with a program on PBS). Meredith won an Emmy Award as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special for the 1977 television film ''Tail Gunner Joe'', a fictitious study of U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the anticommunist politician active in the 1950s. He was cast as crusading lawyer Joseph Welch. In 1992, Meredith narrated ''The Chaplin Puzzle,'' a television documentary that provides a rare insight into Charles Chaplin's work, ''circa'' 1914, at Keystone Studios and Essanay, where Chaplin developed his The Tramp, Tramp character. Coincidentally, Meredith married actress Paulette Goddard in 1944 following her divorce from Chaplin.

Military service

In 1942, Meredith enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, reaching the rank of Captain (United States), captain. After transferring to the United States Office of War Information, Office of War Information, he made training and education films for America's armed forces. In 1943 he performed in the USAAF's recruiting short ''The Rear Gunner'' and the U.S. Army training film ''A Welcome to Britain'' for troops heading to the UK in preparation for the Operation Overlord, liberation of Europe. He was released from duty in 1944 to work on the movie ''The Story of G.I. Joe'', in which he played the war correspondent Ernie Pyle. He was discharged from the USAAF in 1945.

Other work

Meredith also performed voice-over work. He provided the narration for the war film ''A Walk in the Sun (1945 film), A Walk in the Sun'' (1945). As a nod to his longtime association with original ''Twilight Zone'' series, he served as narrator for the Twilight Zone: The Movie, 1983 film based on the series. He was a TV commercial voice for such clients as Bulova, Honda, Pioneer Corporation, Pioneer, Stokely-Van Camp, United Airlines, and Freakies breakfast cereal. He also provided the narration for the short film ''Works Of Calder'', a 1949-50 film by Herbert Matter which featured a musical soundtrack by the composer John Cage. He supplied the narration for the 1974–75 ABC Saturday morning series ''Korg: 70,000 B.C.'' and was the voice of Puff in the series of Puff the Magic Dragon (film), animated adaptations of the Peter, Paul, and Mary song ''Puff, the Magic Dragon''. In the mid-1950s, he was one of four narrators of the NBC and Television syndication, syndicated public affairs program, ''The Big Story (1949 TV series), The Big Story'' (1949–58), which focused on courageous journalists. In 1991, he narrated a track on The Chieftains' album of traditional music, traditional Christmas music and Christmas carols, carols, ''The Bells of Dublin''. He acted in the Kenny G music video of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", which was released in 1994. He played the main character, a projectionist at a movie theater. His last role before his death was the portrayal of both Hamilton Wofford and Covington Wofford characters in the 1996 video game ''Ripper (computer game), Ripper'' by Take-Two Interactive. Meredith was considered to play the Penguin's father in the 1992 Tim Burton film ''Batman Returns'', but illness prevented him from appearing and the role was taken by Paul Reubens.

Personal life and death

Meredith was married four times. His first wife, Helen Derby Merrien Burgess — the daughter of American Cyanamid president Harry L. Derby — committed suicide in 1940, nearly five years after their divorce. His next two wives, Margaret Perry and Paulette Goddard, were actresses; Goddard suffered a miscarriage in 1944. Meredith's last marriage, to Kaja Sundsten, lasted 46 years and produced two children, Jonathan (a musician) and Tala (a painter). Meredith was a lifelong Democratic Party (United States), Democrat and frequent donor to the party. He wrote in his 1994 autobiography ''So Far, So Good'' that he had violent mood swings caused by cyclothymia, a form of bipolar disorder. On September 9, 1997, Meredith died at age 89 from complications of Alzheimer's disease and melanoma, and his remains were cremated. Friend Adam West spoke at his memorial service.

Awards and honors

Meredith was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, in 1976 for ''Rocky'', and in 1975 for ''The Day of the Locust (film), The Day of the Locust'', for which he also received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture. That performance brought him a BAFTA Award nomination. Meredith won a Primetime Emmy Award for Supporting Actor in 1977 for ''Tail Gunner Joe'', and was nominated for the same award the next year for ''The Last Hurrah (1977 film), The Last Hurrah'', a remake of the film starring Spencer Tracy. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films three times, in 1978, 1979, and 1982, and won the last two times, for ''Magic (1978 film), Magic'' and ''Clash of the Titans (1981 film), Clash of the Titans''. In 1962, Meredith won a Best Supporting Actor award from the National Board of Review, for ''Advise & Consent (film), Advise & Consent'', and in 1985 he was nominated for a CableAce Award for his performance in ''Answers''. Meredith received a Special Tony Award in 1960 for directing ''A Thurber Carnival''. For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Meredith has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. For his onstage contributions, he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. A park was named after him in Pomona, New York, and he provided the funding to incorporate the village. In 1977, he received an honorary doctorate degree from Upper Iowa University in Fayette, Iowa.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Theatre

Radio appearances

References

External links

* * * *
Burgess Meredith as the Penguin

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