Brooks's is a gentlemen's club in

St James's Street St James's Street is the principal street in the district of St James's, central London. It runs from Piccadilly downhill to St James's Palace and Pall Mall. The main gatehouse of the Palace is at the southern end of the road; in the 17th centur ...

, London. It is one of the oldest and most exclusive gentlemen's clubs in the world.

History

In January 1762, a private society was established at 50 Pall Mall by Messrs. Boothby and James in response to having been blackballed for membership of White's. This society then split to form the predecessors of both Brooks's and Boodle's. The club that was to become Brooks's was founded in March 1764 by twenty-seven prominent Whig nobles including the

Duke of Portland Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...

, the Duke of Roxburghe, Lord Crewe and Lord Strathmore.

Charles James Fox Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled '' The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-ri ...

was elected as a member the following year at the age of sixteen. The club premises at 49 Pall Mall was a former tavern owned by William Almack as was the neighbouring 50 Pall Mall where the society had previously met and so the club become simply known as Almack's. These fashionable young men, known as Macaronis, would frequent the premises for the purposes of wining, dining and gambling. In September 1777 William Brooks, a wine merchant and money lender who acted as Master, or manager, for Almack's, commissioned Henry Holland to design and construct a purpose-built clubhouse at a site on neighbouring St James's Street. Paid for at Brooks's own expense, the building was completed in October 1778 and all existing members of Almack's were invited to join. Brooks's gamble paid off as all existing members swiftly moved into the new building and the club then took on Brooks's name as its own. Brooks himself however would not live long to enjoy this success, dying in poverty in 1782. The new clubhouse was built of yellow brick and

Portland stone Portland stone is a limestone from the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building ...

in a

Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...

style similar to Holland's early country houses. The main suite of rooms on the first floor consisted of the Great Subscription Room, Small Drawing Room and the Card Room. The interiors are in neoclassical style, the Great Subscription Room having a segmental

barrel vault A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are ...

ceiling. The interior of the building remained fairly unchanged until 1889 when neighbouring 2 Park Place, which had been purchased a few years before, was converted and adapted as part of Brooks's. The main historic attraction of Brooks's was its gambling rooms. At several tables in one, members would stake fortunes on

whist Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play. History Whist is a descendant of the 16th-century game of ''trump' ...

and

hazard A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value. The probab ...

. Gambling all night was common; all day and all night, not unheard of. When the stakes far exceeded any ordinary expenses, all the club accounts were commonly deducted from winnings, so that no bills were rendered to members. Numerous eccentric bets were and are made in the Brooks's betting book. One extraordinary entry from 1785 is " Ld. Cholmondeley has given two guineas to Ld. Derby, to receive 500 Gs whenever his lordship fucks a woman in a balloon one thousand yards 00 mfrom the Earth." There is no further indication that the bet was paid, or even how they would check it if it was claimed. In 1978, the

St James's Club The St James's Club was a London gentlemen's club which operated between 1857 and 1978. It was founded by two leading diplomats and its members continued to be largely diplomats and authors. It was first established in Charles Street and moved to ...

amalgamated with Brooks's, adding to its membership some European royalty, members of the British

diplomatic corps The diplomatic corps (french: corps diplomatique) is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body. The diplomatic corps may, in certain contexts, refer to the collection of accredited heads of mission ( ...

and writers. The portrait collection of Sir Francis Dashwood's infamous Dilettanti Society is housed at the Club and there is also an historic association with the infamous society of 18th-century rake hells, the Hellfire Club.

Notable former members

Born in the 18th century

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(1833–1908) *

John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, 13th Marquess of Groppoli, (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), better known as Lord Acton, was an English Catholic historian, politician, and writer. He is best remembered for the remark he w ...

(1834–1902) * Michael Biddulph, 1st Baron Biddulph (1834–1923) * Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough (1835–1875) *Robert Duff (politician, born 1835), Sir Robert William Duff, GCMG, PC (1835–1895) *William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington (1835–1906) *John William Mellor (1835–1911) *John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer (1835–1910) *Edmond Wodehouse (1835–1914) *Evelyn Ashley, The Hon. Evelyn Ashley (1836–1907) *Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey (1836–1918) *Michael Bass, 1st Baron Burton (1837–1909) *Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge (1837–1912) *Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell (1837–1899) *Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet (1838–1928) *Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran (1839–1901) *Montague Guest (1839–1909) *Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley (1840–1922) *Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage (1840–1922) *Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper (1840–1914) *Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford (1841–1922) *Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (1841–1918) *Hamar Alfred Bass (1842–1898) *Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay (1842–1929) *Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1845–1927) *Charles Cecil Cotes (1846–1898) *Herbert Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere (1846–1921) *John Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence (1846–1913) *Edward Walter Hamilton (1847–1908) *Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929) *Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin (1849–1917) *Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth (1849–1909) *Sir John Simeon, 4th Baronet (1850–1909) *Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1851–1917) *Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough (1851–1920) *Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland (1851–1913) *Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale (1854–1925) *George Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon (1854–1928) *William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst (1855–1921) *Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane (1856–1928) *Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys (1856–1897) *Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe (1858–1945) *Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (1858–1940) *Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet (1859–1926) *Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale (1860–1923) *Hubert Beaumont (Liberal politician), The Hon. Hubert Beaumont (1864–1922) *Sir John Fuller, 1st Baronet (1864–1913) *Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (1866–1941) *Baron Mount Temple, Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple (1867–1939) *Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1868–1938) *Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill (1869–1935) *Christopher Vane, 10th Baron Barnard, Christopher Vane, 10th Baron Barnard, CMG, OBE, MC, TD (1888–1964)

Born in the 20th century

*James Lees-Milne (1908–1997) *Isaiah Berlin, Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM (1909–1997) *Patrick Dean (diplomat), Sir Patrick Dean, GCMG (1909–1994) *Vane Ivanovic (1913–1999) *Patrick O'Brian CBE (1914–2000), author of the Aubrey-Maturin novels. *Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne, KG, MBE, TD, PC, DL (1915–2010) *John Desmond Cronin (1916–1986) *Charles Denman, 5th Baron Denman, MC (1916–2012) *Nigel Strutt, Sir Nigel Strutt, TD, DL (1916–2004) *George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, KBE, DSO, MC, PC, FRS (1918–2007) *Alan Campbell (diplomat), Sir Alan Campbell (1919–2007) *Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener, TD, DL (1919–2011) *Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1920–2004) *Roy Jenkins, Roy Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (1920–2003) *John Colvin (diplomat), John Colvin (1922–2003) *Oliver Millar, Sir Oliver Millar (1923–2007) *Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne, DL (1926–2019) *Alan Clark (1928–1999)Mrs. Thatcher's Minister The Private Diaries of Alan Clark, p. 9. *Richard Paniguian, Sir Richard Paniguian (1949–2017) *Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur (1951–2016) Lord Mayor of London

References

Sources

*Edward Walford; ''Old and New London: Volume 4'', pp. 140–164; 1878 *F. H. W. Sheppard, ed.; ''Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1'', pp. 325–338; 1960. *Christopher Hibbert; ''London, the Biography of a City''; 1969; William Morrow, NY *Robert Phipps Dod; ''Parliamentary Companion'' (various editions)

External links

{{Liberal-aligned gentlemen's clubs of London 1764 establishments in England Gentlemen's clubs in London Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster Liberalism in the United Kingdom Regency London