''Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka'' is an album produced by Brian Jones of

the Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for six decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the rock era. In the early 1960s, the Rolling Stones pioneered the gritty, rhythmically dr ...

. The album was a recording of the Moroccan group the

Master Musicians of Joujouka The Master Musicians of Joujouka are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition. The collective was first documented by Western journalists in the early 1950s, and was br ...

, in performance on 29 July 1968 in the village of

Jajouka Jajouka, Jahejouka or Zahjoukah (In Tifinagh: ⵣⴰⵀⵊⵓⴽⴰ) (جوجوكة or جهجوكة) is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern end of the Rif Mountains, Morocco. The mountains are named after the Ahl-Srif tribe who ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to A ...

and released on Rolling Stones Records, and distributed by Atco Records in 1971. Jones called the tracks "a specially chosen representation" of music played in the village during the annual week-long Rites of Pan Festival. It was significant for presenting the Moroccan group to a global audience, drawing other musicians to Jajouka, including

Ornette Coleman Randolph Denard Ornette Coleman (March 9, 1930 – June 11, 2015) was an American jazz saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter, and composer known as a principal founder of the free jazz genre, a term derived from his 1960 album '' Free Jazz: A Coll ...

.Anastasia Tsioulcas (September 1, 2005)
"World Music Features: Magical, Mystical Morocco"
. ''Global Rhythm''. Retrieved January 16, 2007. The album was reissued in 1995. The executive producers were Philip Glass, Kurt Munkacsi, and Rory Johnston, with notes by Bachir Attar,

Paul Bowles Paul Frederic Bowles (; December 30, 1910November 18, 1999) was an American expatriate composer, author, and translator. He became associated with the Moroccan city of Tangier, where he settled in 1947 and lived for 52 years to the end of his ...

, William S. Burroughs, Stephen Davis, Jones,

Brion Gysin Brion Gysin (19 January 1916 – 13 July 1986) was a British-Canadian painter, writer, sound poet, performance artist and inventor of experimental devices. He is best known for his use of the cut-up technique, alongside his close friend, the ...

, and David Silver. This deluxe album included additional graphics, more extensive notes by David Silver and Burroughs, and a second CD, produced by Cliff Mark, with two "full-length remixes."

Background

Painter/novelist

first heard music from the area with American writer

at a festival in Sidi-Kacem in 1950.Tsioulcas, Anastasia
"Master Musicians of Jajouka"
. ''National Geographic World Music''. Retrieved January 16, 2007.Gysin, Brion (1971). Insert sheet essay. ''Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka''. ''Rolling Stones Records'', at 2. Entranced with the music's sound, he later was led to the village to hear the music in person by Moroccan painter

Mohamed Hamri Mohamed Hamri (August 27, 1932 – August 29, 2000), commonly known as Hamri, was a Moroccan painter and author. Self-described as "The painter of Morocco," Hamri was one of the few Moroccans to participate in the Tangier Beat scene. He was bor ...

.Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". ''Rolling Stone'', at 42. Gysin, along with Hamri, brought Brian Jones to hear the village music in 1968. The album's music included songs meant for the village's "most important religious holiday festival, Aid el Kbir". The festival's ritual of dressing a young boy dressed as "Bou Jeloud, the Goat God" wearing the "skin of a freshly slaughtered goat", involved the child's running to "spread panic through the darkened village" as the musicians played with abandon. Gysin connected the ritual, performed to protect the village's health in the coming year, to the fertility festival of

Lupercalia Lupercalia was a pastoral festival of Ancient Rome observed annually on February 15 to purify the city, promoting health and fertility. Lupercalia was also known as ''dies Februatus'', after the purification instruments called ''februa'', the ...

and the "ancient Roman rites of Pan"; he referred to the Bou Jeloud dancer as "Pan" and "the Father of Skins". This name stuck, leading to the reference to Pan in the album's title. Jones, recording engineer George Chkiantz, and Gysin travelled to the village in 1968, accompanied by Hamri and Jones' girlfriend

Suki Potier Melanie Susan Potier (14 November 1947 – 23 June 1981), better known as Suki Potier, was an English model. Early life Potier was born in Surrey, England. Her father was Gilbert Potier, and her mother was Mary (nee Moore) Potier. Potier ha ...

to record the musicians using a portable Uher recorder.Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". ''The New York Times'', at D35. Jones worked on the two-track recordings in London, adding stereo phasing, echo, and other effects. Jones edited the full-band selection to 14 minutes by "cross-phasing fragments of a work that runs to some ninety minutes in uncut form". The album included three types of music: repetitive vocal chants "similar to those employed throughout Islam", flute and drum music featuring "several distinct melodic motifs and improvisations over a drone" played by two flutists and several drummers, and the full village orchestra's drum and horn music played to accompany the "frenzied dance of Bou Jeloud, a Moroccan Pan". ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'' reviewer Robert Palmer reported that the call-and-response horn motifs are "handed down from generation to generation".Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". ''The New York Times'', at D40. Palmer, noting the "drumming rhythms are definitely African", paraphrased Gysin as connecting the musical origins to Spain, "from the Moorish courts of Cordova and Seville". The cover illustration on the 1971 album was originally a painting by Mohamed HamriPalmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". ''Rolling Stone'', at 43.Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray ''Stone Alone''. Viking, , at 515. depicting the master musicians with Brian Jones in the center. Jones edited the album and prepared the art work together with designer/illustrator, Dave Field. Dave Field also designed the Joujouka logo and painted a depiction of a carpet design on the inside cover. Jones finished producing the LP several months before his death in 1969. The album's release date was initially set for September 3, 1971, but was pushed back to October 8. Jones' ex-girlfriend Anita Pallenberg said that Jones had wanted to incorporate the Jajouka sound into the music of the Rolling Stones. In the

Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard ( , ; ; 3 December 193013 September 2022) was a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter, and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the French New Wave film movement of the 1960s, alongside such filmmakers as Fran ...

movie '' Sympathy for the Devil'', Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts is seen playing a Jajouka drum during a rehearsal.

Legacy

In 1995, a CD reissue of the album was issued. It was licensed from Musidor by Point Music. A new 1990s photo of Bachir Attar, by his wife and manager American photographer, replaced Hamri's original painting of Brian Jones and the Master Musicians of Joujouka which Jones had chosen as his cover. It also included in a side bar a photo of the late Jones by Michael Cooper as well as further contemporary photos of and a "Bou Jeloud" dancer by Nutting. The CD's album title changed to "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan At Jajouka" to tie in with

The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar (sometimes written as ...featuring Bachir Attar) are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition. The collective includes ...

. The name Master Musicians of Jajouka was used on the Master Musicians of Joujouka's second album due to contract conflicts. While the original vinyl album consisted of "two untitled, unbroken LP sides", the reissue separated the songs into six tracks with titles. The reissue cut the Master Musicians of Joujouka out of their rights and resulted in international protests organized by Frank Rynne and Joe Ambrose at concerts by Bachir Attar in London, New York and San Francisco as well as Philip Glass concerts in London and elsewhere. Brion Gysin's original sleeve-notes were altered to remove all reference to the central role that Hamri played in introducing him to the music of the village. A

illustration decorated an essay by Paul Bowles in the liner notes. The CD's executive producers were

Philip Glass Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive ...

, Kurt Munkacsi, and Rory Johnston. Brian Jones was credited as producer. The multi-page booklet also included reminiscences and edited essays about the original band written by Brion Gysin, (who died in 1986 and therefore was not consulted), David Silver, Stephen Davis, William S. Burroughs, Brian Jones, and Bachir Attar.

The Master Musicians of Joujouka The Master Musicians of Joujouka are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition. The collective was first documented by Western journalists in the early 1950s, and was ...

, mentored by Hamri from the 1950s until his death in 2000, continued releasing records on

Sub Rosa Records Sub Rosa is a record label based in Brussels specializing in avant-garde music, electronic music, world music and noise music. Directed by Guy-Marc Hinant and Frédéric Walheer, Sub Rosa has released over 250 titles of experimental, drone mu ...

, with further releases including the acclaimed “Live in Paris”, recorded at Centre Pompidou Paris in 2016, using their original name, “Master Musicians of Joujouka” as used on the 1971 release and Mohamed Hamri's

Tales of Joujouka ''Tales of Joujouka'' is a book by the Moroccan painter Mohamed Hamri (1932–2000) containing eight stories featuring the legends, folklore and Sufi origins myths and rituals of the Master Musicians of Joujouka. These are the stories and legends o ...

. And the group

continues to record music and now issues CDs once on their own label Jajouka Records, in addition to performing on regular tours and recording music for film scores. In 1995

Frank Rynne Frank Rynne is an Irish-born singer, record producer, art curator, film-maker, writer, and historian. He has played in three bands Those Handsome Devils in 1984, The Baby Snakes (1985-1994) and Islamic Diggers (1996- ). He has produced three ...

, "art-terrorist" and writer Joe Ambrose and Mohamed Hamri launched an international campaign demanding their interest in their recording with Brian Jones be recognised and that the re-release be withdrawn from sale until their concerns were addressed. The group led by the second youngest son of Hadj Abdesalam Attar still perform under the name Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar,Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996)
"Into the Mystic"
. ''The Wire''. Retrieved January 14, 2007. recording the song "Continental Drift" in Tangier with the Rolling Stones on the ''Steel Wheels'' album in 1989.Davis, Stephen (2001). ''Old Gods Almost Dead''. Broadway Books, , 504–505. Led by Attar's son and successor, as band leader Bachir Attar, also released soundtrack recordings under the Jajouka name and album recordings under the name Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar in the 1990s and 2000s. According to Bachir Attar the Master Musicians of that early group were led by tribal chief Hadj Abdesalam Attar. Rikki Stein who never was manager of the Master Musicians of Jajouka noted that in 1971 the leader was Hadj Abdesalam Attar. However, Berdous and Mfdal were musicians with Hadj Abdesalam Attar and Bachir Attar until their deaths in the late 1990s. This throws doubt on the claim that Hadj Abdelsalm Attar was leader, tribal or otherwise, in the late 1960s or early 1970s. However, Rikki Stein has since pointed out that there were regular elections held amongst the musicians and their supporters, who were also permitted to vote. In the late sixties and early seventies Hadj Abdelsalam Attar was, effectively, the 'Rais' (President) of the Al Sarif Folklore Association created collectively by the musicians of Jajouka, and was widely recognised as being Jajouka's greatest musician. Subsequently, though, in the early seventies elections were held and Maalim Fedal was elected Rais and continued to retain that title, certainly until the European tour organised by Rikki Stein in 1980.Rikki Stein with Udo Berger, Brion Gysin and Jerry Baskin, "Hamri - Send Up with Your Shadows" in Ed Udo Berger, Soft Need #17, Brion Gysin Special, (Paris /Basel, 1977) p.66

Track listing

All songs written by Pipes of Pan at Joujouka :Titles come from Point Music reissue track listings as original vinyl release package had no titles

References

Album designed and illustrated by Dave Field

External links

The official site for The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar

The official site for The Master Musicians of Joujouka
* Allmusic.com listing {{DEFAULTSORT:Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka Brian Jones albums Master Musicians of Joujouka albums Sufi music albums 1971 live albums Live trance albums Rolling Stones Records live albums 1971 debut albums Arabic-language albums Albums produced by Brian Jones

Background

Legacy

Track listing

References

Further reading

External links