Brian Crozier
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Brian Rossiter Crozier (4 August 1918, in
Shire of Cloncurry The Shire of Cloncurry is a local government area in North West Queensland, Australia. It covers an area of , and has existed as a local government entity since 1884. The major town and administrative centre of the shire is Cloncurry. Prior to ...
,
Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...
 – 4 August 2012) was a historian, propagandist and journalist. He was also one of the central staff members of a secret propaganda department belonging to the UK Foreign Office, known as the
Information Research Department The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, provide support and information to anti-communist pol ...
(IRD) which republished and supported much of his work, and used his position to insert propaganda articles within British publications.


Early life

Crozier was born in a small village in Australia, where his father worked as mining engineer. In 1923 his family moved to France. In 1930, it moved to England, where he received a scholarship to study piano and composition at the Trinity College of Music in London. Early in
life Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as Cell signaling, signaling and self-sustaining processes, from that which does not, and is defined by the capacity for Cell growth, growth, reaction to Stimu ...
he believed in
communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a ...
, as a reaction to the Great Depression and to
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
, but he later changed his philosophy and worked to combat communism. D'Agostino, Joseph (Nov. 26, 1999)
"Conservative Spotlight: Brian Crozier."
''
Human Events ''Human Events'' is an American conservative political news and analysis website. Founded in 1944 as a print newspaper, ''Human Events'' became a digital-only publication in 2013. ''Human Events'' takes its name from the first sentence of the U ...
''. p. 24. .


Career

Crozier eventually became interested in journalism and pursued a career that led him to become a foreign correspondent for
Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was esta ...
, a columnist for ''
The Economist ''The Economist'' is a British weekly newspaper printed in demitab format and published digitally. It focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, technology, and culture. Based in London, the newspaper is owned by The Eco ...
,'' a reporter for the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
and, during a brief return to Australia, a writer for '' Sydney Morning Herald''.Rees, David (Dec. 31, 1985). "Student of Subversion." ''
National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief ...
'', vol. 37. pp. 106+. — via Gale General OneFile. Crozier worked as the director of '' Forum World Features'', set up in 1966 by the
Congress for Cultural Freedom The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) was an anti-communist advocacy group founded in 1950. At its height, the CCF was active in thirty-five countries. In 1966 it was revealed that the CIA was instrumental in the establishment and funding of the ...
, which had ties to the American
Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
(CIA). While editing the ''Economists "insider" news sheet ''Foreign Report'', Crozier, as he later recorded in his memoirs, kept some of the best stories that reached him for the CIA. He stated in 1975 that ''Forum World Features'' had broken all ties to the CIA when he became its director in the 1960s. In 1970, Crozier founded the Institute for the Study of Conflict, based in London, to study insurgencies and
terrorism Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
. He presided over it for most of the 1970s. According to a profile written by David Rees in 1985 for the American fortnightly ''
National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief ...
'' "the Institute... was the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion". Under his direction (he left in 1979) the institute specialised in the study of the "peacetime" strategy of the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
. Its analyses, including the ''Annual of Power and Conflict'', which it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout
the West West is a cardinal direction or compass point. West or The West may also refer to: Geography and locations Global context * The Western world * Western culture and Western civilization in general * The Western Bloc, countries allied with NATO ...
. For many years, Crozier wrote a regular column, "The Protracted Conflict", in the ''
National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief ...
''. Joseph D'Agostino of ''Human Events'' stated, "Crozier has another distinction: in 1988 he appeared in the '' Guinness Book of World Records'' for having interviewed the most heads of state or government, 58 in all". Crozier provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, to the
Information Research Department The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, provide support and information to anti-communist pol ...
(IRD) of the British Foreign Office, and to the CIA. Lecturing to Britain's staff college for army officers during the early 1970s, when the Labour Party was in power under Harold Wilson, Crozier stated if the government went "too far", it was the armed forces' duty to intervene (he claimed that he was enthusiastically applauded). In 1982, it was revealed from the papers of a former Bavarian state security chief, Hans Langemann, that Crozier was an attendant of
Le Cercle Le Cercle is a secretive, invitation-only foreign policy forum. Its focus has been opposing communism and, in the 1970s and 1980s, supporting apartheid when the group had intimate ties with and funding from South Africa. The group was described b ...
and headed a secret international group that tried to influence the West German federal election of 1980 by using secret-service connections and
cover-up A cover-up is an attempt, whether successful or not, to conceal evidence of wrongdoing, error, incompetence, or other embarrassing information. Research has distinguished personal cover-ups (covering up one's own misdeeds) from relational co ...
financial transactions to make
Franz Josef Strauß Franz Josef Strauss ( ; 6 September 1915 – 3 October 1988) was a German politician. He was the long-time chairman of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) from 1961 until 1988, member of the federal cabinet in different positions between ...
Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the G ...
. Crozier was a co-founder of the group ''The 61'', an organisation that wanted to counter Soviet communist propaganda.
HarperCollins HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News ...
published Crozier's autobiography, ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941–1991'', in 1993, which was revised and corrected in paperback edition in 1994. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of the
Hoover Institution The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace; abbreviated as Hoover) is an American public policy think tank and research institution that promotes personal and economic liberty, free enterprise, an ...
. He was also a member of the international advisory council of the
Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation (VOC) is a non-profit anti-communist organization in the United States, authorized by a unanimous Act of Congress in 1993 for the purpose of "educating Americans about the ideology, history and legacy ...
. In 1985, he signed a petition in support for the far-right paramilitary Contras (
Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
).


Personal life

Crozier was married twice. He had three daughters (Kathryn-Anne, Isobel and Caroline) and a son (Michael). He died on 4 August 2012 after a long illness at 94. Norton-Taylor, Richard (Aug. 9, 2012)
"Brian Crozier"
( obituary). ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
''. .


Selected works


Books

* ''The Rebels: A Study of Postwar Insurrections''. Boston: Beacon Press (1960). . * ''The Morning After: A Study of Independence''. London: Methuen (1963). . * ''South East Asia in Turmoil''. London: Penguin (1965). . * ''The Struggle for the Third World''. Chester Springs, Penn.: Dufour Editions (1966). . * ''Franco: A Biographical History''. Boston:
Little, Brown Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown (publisher), James Brown in Boston. For close to two centuries it has published fiction and nonfiction by American authors. Ear ...
(1967). . * ''Masters of Power''. Boston:
Little, Brown Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown (publisher), James Brown in Boston. For close to two centuries it has published fiction and nonfiction by American authors. Ear ...
(1969). . * ''Since Stalin: An Assessment of Communist Power''. New York:
Coward-McCann G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group. History The company began as Wiley & Putnam with the 1838 partnership between George Palmer Putnam and J ...
(1970). . * ''De Gaulle''. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan R ...
(1973). . * ''A Theory of Conflict''. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan R ...
(1974). . * ''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek''. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan R ...
(1976). . * ''Strategy of Survival''. London:
Temple Smith Temple Ferris Smith (born March 7, 1939) is an emeritus professor in biomedical engineering who helped to develop the Smith-Waterman algorithm with Michael Waterman in 1981. The Smith-Waterman algorithm serves as the basis for multi sequence com ...
(1978). . * ''This War Called Peace'', with Drew Middleton and Jeremy Murray-Brown. Universe Books (1985). . * ''The Gorbachev Phenomenon: Peace and the Secret War''. Great Britain: Claridge Press (1990). .
''Free Agent: The Unseen War, 1941-1991''
London:
HarperCollins HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News ...
(1993). . * ''The KGB Lawsuits''. Great Britain: Claridge Press (1995). . * ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire''. Rocklin, Calif.: Forum, with ''
National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief ...
'' (1999). .
''The Other Brian Croziers''.
Great Britain: Claridge Press (2002). .
''Political Victory: The Elusive Prize of Military Wars''.
New Jersey:
Transaction Publishers Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey-based publishing house that specialized in social science books and journals. It was located on the Livingston Campus of Rutgers University. Transaction was sold to Taylor & Francis in 2016 and merged wit ...
(2005). .


Book contributions

* "South-East Asia" (Chapter 6). In: ''The Cold War: A Reappraisal'', by
Evan Luard David Evan Trant Luard (31 October 1926 – 8 February 1991), most commonly known as Evan Luard, was a British Labour Party and Social Democratic Party (SDP) politician, and a renowned international relations scholar. Education and early care ...
. New York: Praeger (1964). .
"Der Spiegel: Confirmation from the East."
In: ''Counter Culture, vol. 2'', by
Sir James Goldsmith Sir James Michael Goldsmith (26 February 1933 – 18 July 1997) was a French-British financier, tycoon''Billionaire: The Life and Times of Sir James Goldsmith'' by Ivan Fallon and politician who was a member of the Goldsmith family. His contr ...
(1993), pp. 99–105.


Articles

* "The Diem Regime in Southern Vietnam." ''
Far Eastern Survey ''Asian Survey: A Bimonthly Review of Contemporary Asian Affairs'' is a bimonthly academic journal of Asian studies published by the University of California Press on behalf of the Institute of East Asian Studies at the University of California ...
'', vol. 24, no. 4 (Apr. 1955), pp. 49–56. .
"The International Situation in Indochina."
''
Pacific Affairs ''Pacific Affairs'' (''PA'') is a Canadian peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes academic research on contemporary political, economic, and social issues in Asia and the Pacific. The journal was founded in 1926 as the newsletter for th ...
'', vol. 29, no. 4 (Dec. 1956), pp. 309–323. . * "France and Algeria," with Gerard Mansell. ''
International Affairs International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such a ...
'', bol. 36, no. 3 (July 1960), pp. 310–321. . A discussion at
Chatham House Chatham House, also known as the Royal Institute of International Affairs, is an independent policy institute headquartered in London. Its stated mission is to provide commentary on world events and offer solutions to global challenges. It is ...
, March 8, 1960.
"Peking and the Laotian Crisis: An Interim Appraisal."
''
China Quarterly ''The China Quarterly'' (CQ) is a British double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China and Taiwan. It is considered the most important research journal about China in the world and is published by the Cam ...
'', no. 7 (Jul./Sep. 1961), pp. 128–137. .
"Indonesia: Retrospect and Prospect."
'' World Today'', vol. 18, no. 7 (July 1962), pp. 295–304. .
"Peking and the Laotian Crisis: A Further Appraisal."
''
China Quarterly ''The China Quarterly'' (CQ) is a British double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China and Taiwan. It is considered the most important research journal about China in the world and is published by the Cam ...
'', no. 11 (Jul./Sep. 1962), pp. 116–123. .
"The Communist Struggle for Power in Burma."
'' World Today'', vol. 20, no. 3 (Mar. 1964), pp. 105–112. . * "The Struggle for the Third World." ''
International Affairs International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such a ...
'', vol. 40, no. 3 (Jul. 1964), pp. 440–452. . * "Latin America." ''
Encounter Encounter or Encounters may refer to: Film *''Encounter'', a 1997 Indian film by Nimmala Shankar * ''Encounter'' (2013 film), a Bengali film * ''Encounter'' (2018 film), an American sci-fi film * ''Encounter'' (2021 film), a British sci-fi film * ...
'' (Feb. 1965). * "The Study of Conflict." ''Institute for the Study of Conflict'' (1967). * "The Conflict of Information: 'Detente', Freedom & Constraint," with Leonid Vladimirov. ''Conflict Studies'' (1975). Institute for the Study of Conflict. . .
"Russia's Revolutionary Base."
''New Lugano Review'', vol. 2, no. 8-12 (1976).
"My Pilgrimage to Kent (Connecticut)."
''New Lugano Review'', vol. 2, no. 11-12 (1976). pp. 8–24.
"Pour une bribe d'empire."
''Revue des Deux Mondes'' (Apr. 1989), pp. 249–253. . * "Creating 'A Lot on Her Hands,'" with Helen Gregory. '' Labour History'', no. 85 (Nov. 2003), pp. 89–101. .


Reports

* ''The Ulster Debate: Report of a Study Group of the Institute for the Study of Conflict'' (1972), with James Camlin Beckett and Robert Moss. London:
The Bodley Head The Bodley Head is an English publishing house, founded in 1887 and existing as an independent entity until the 1970s. The name was used as an imprint of Random House Children's Books from 1987 to 2008. In April 2008, it was revived as an adul ...
for the Institute for the Study of Conflict. .


Book reviews

* Review of ''La Fin d'une guerre: Indochine 1954,'' by Jean Lacouture & Philippe Devillers. ''
International Affairs International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such a ...
'', vol. 37, no. 2 (Apr. 1961), pp. 264–265. . * Review of ''Indonesia: A Profile'', by Jeane S. Mintz. ''
Pacific Affairs ''Pacific Affairs'' (''PA'') is a Canadian peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes academic research on contemporary political, economic, and social issues in Asia and the Pacific. The journal was founded in 1926 as the newsletter for th ...
'', vol. 35, no. 2 (Summer 1962), pp. 184–185. . * Review of ''The Story of Indonesia'', by Louis Fischer; ''The Beginnings of the Indonesian-Dutch Negotiations and the Hoge Veluwe Talks'', by Idrus Nasir Djajadiningrat. ''
Pacific Affairs ''Pacific Affairs'' (''PA'') is a Canadian peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes academic research on contemporary political, economic, and social issues in Asia and the Pacific. The journal was founded in 1926 as the newsletter for th ...
'', vol. 35, no. 2 (Summer 1962), pp. 185–186. .


In the media

Crozier was interviewed for a 1999 film by
Peter Graves Peter Graves (born Peter Duesler Aurness; March 18, 1926 – March 14, 2010) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Phelps in the CBS television series ''Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series), Mission: Impossible'' from 1967 ...
for A&E Network's ''
Biography A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or ...
'' series, ''Chiang Kai-shek: The Battle for China'', including other contributors such as John Stewart Service.''Chiang Kai-shek: The Battle for China''
(1999).
Peter Graves Peter Graves (born Peter Duesler Aurness; March 18, 1926 – March 14, 2010) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Phelps in the CBS television series ''Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series), Mission: Impossible'' from 1967 ...
and A&E. — vi
Henry Carter Hull Library.
/ref> He also appeared in ''
The Mayfair Set ''The Mayfair Set'', subtitled ''Four Stories about the Rise of Business and the Decline of Political Power'', is a BBC television documentary series by filmmaker Adam Curtis. It explores the decline of Britain as a world power, the proliferatio ...
'', a 1999 four-part documentary series about the rise of business and the decline of political power, written and directed by
Adam Curtis Adam Curtis (born 26 May 1955) is an English documentary filmmaker. Curtis began his career as a conventional documentary producer for the BBC throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s. The release of ''Pandora's Box'' (1992) marked the ...
for
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
. He appeared in episode three, "Destroy the Technostructure," which Curtis described as "the story of how
Sir James Goldsmith Sir James Michael Goldsmith (26 February 1933 – 18 July 1997) was a French-British financier, tycoon''Billionaire: The Life and Times of Sir James Goldsmith'' by Ivan Fallon and politician who was a member of the Goldsmith family. His contr ...
, through a series of corporate raids, became one of the world's richest men and a victim of his own success."


References

Bibliography *Bellamy, Chris (Aug. 13, 2012)
"Brian Crozier: Intelligence and security expert who fought communism and founded his own spy network"
( obituary). ''
The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publish ...
''. Archived fro
the original.


External links

* *
Brian Crozier papers
at th
Hoover Institution Archives
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crozier, Brian 1918 births 2012 deaths British foreign policy writers British historians The Economist people Australian emigrants to the United Kingdom Australian expatriates in France Place of death missing British anti-communists Historians of Francoist Spain