Bowil is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

History

Bowil is first mentioned in 1299 as ''Bonwile''. The village was once part of the ''

Herrschaft The German term ''Herrschaft'' (plural: ''Herrschaften'') covers a broad semantic field and only the context will tell whether it means, "rule", "power", "dominion", "authority", "territory" or "lordship". In its most abstract sense, it refers ...

'' of

Signau Signau is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. History Signau is first mentioned between 1130 and 1146 as ''Sigenowo''. Scattered mesolithic, Bronze Age and medieval artifacts indicate ...

and the

Freiherr (; male, abbreviated as ), (; his wife, abbreviated as , literally "free lord" or "free lady") and (, his unmarried daughters and maiden aunts) are designations used as titles of nobility in the German-speaking areas of the Holy Roman Empire ...

en of Signau built their castles, Alt-Signau and Neu-Signau, between Bowil and Signau villages. Today, the municipal border has been redrawn and the ruins of both castles are in Bowil. During the Middle Ages, Bowil was part of the lands of the Freiherr of Signau, but other distant landowners and local farmers owned rights or property in the village. In 1528, Bern adopted the

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and ...

and Bowil quickly followed. However, in the following years, it became a haven for Anabaptists. In 1720, to try to convert the Anabaptists to the Swiss Reformed faith, Bern established a filial church in the village. In 1930 that church became a

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...

over the parish of Bowil-Oberthal. Traditionally the village economy relied on subsistence agriculture. However, in the late 18th century local farmers began to raise grass which they could harvest as

hay Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticat ...

for cattle. By the 19th century, dairy farming had replaced traditional agriculture. In 1901 a railway station connected the village to the rest of the country. The easy transportation connection encouraged small factories to move into Bowil. However, in 1990 one-third of the jobs in the village were still in agriculture.

Geography

Bowil has an area of . Of this area, or 55.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 39.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics
2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 37.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 20.3% is used for growing crops and 33.4% is pastures, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. It is located between the Aare River and the Emme River. The southern border is the Kurzenberg, while the northern is along the Blasenfluh river. The municipality includes the village of Bowil, Oberhofen, Rünkhofen and Steinen as well as several clusters of houses and individual farm houses. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Konolfingen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
accessed 4 April 2011

Coat of arms

The

blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vi ...

of the municipal

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...

is ''Or three Fir Twigs Vert issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Gules.''

Demographics

Bowil has a population () of . , 2.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals.Statistical office of the Canton of Bern
accessed 4 January 2012 Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 0.8%. Migration accounted for -1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.3%.
accessed 15 April 2013 Most of the population () speaks German (1,317 or 98.4%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (7 or 0.5%) and

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

is the third (5 or 0.4%). There are 3 people who speak French. , the population was 51.6% male and 48.4% female. The population was made up of 683 Swiss men (50.3% of the population) and 18 (1.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 648 Swiss women (47.7%) and 9 (0.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 619 or about 46.2% were born in Bowil and lived there in 2000. There were 560 or 41.8% who were born in the same canton, while 82 or 6.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 45 or 3.4% were born outside of Switzerland. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16%. , there were 594 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 632 married individuals, 77 widows or widowers and 36 individuals who are divorced.STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000
accessed 2 February 2011 , there were 130 households that consist of only one person and 64 households with five or more people. , a total of 481 apartments (88.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 35 apartments (6.4%) were seasonally occupied and 29 apartments (5.3%) were empty.Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen
accessed 28 January 2011 , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.88%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:35 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1800 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:400 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:80 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1764 from:start till:951 text:"951" bar:1850 from:start till:1588 text:"1,588" bar:1860 from:start till:1743 text:"1,743" bar:1870 from:start till:1765 text:"1,765" bar:1880 from:start till:1686 text:"1,686" bar:1888 from:start till:1670 text:"1,670" bar:1900 from:start till:1665 text:"1,665" bar:1910 from:start till:1503 text:"1,503" bar:1920 from:start till:1532 text:"1,532" bar:1930 from:start till:1516 text:"1,516" bar:1941 from:start till:1448 text:"1,448" bar:1950 from:start till:1514 text:"1,514" bar:1960 from:start till:1475 text:"1,475" bar:1970 from:start till:1425 text:"1,425" bar:1980 from:start till:1247 text:"1,247" bar:1990 from:start till:1316 text:"1,316" bar:2000 from:start till:1339 text:"1,339"

Heritage sites of national significance

The ''Hochstud'' house is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 47.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (17.1%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (11.7%) and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (6.9%). In the federal election, a total of 557 votes were cast, and the

voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This can be the percentage of registered voters, eligible voters, or all voting-age people. According to Stanford Univ ...

was 50.7%.Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election
accessed 8 May 2012

Economy

Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik, a manufacturer of specialist

road building A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation. There are many types of ...

and

railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...

equipment, is based in Bowil. , Bowil had an unemployment rate of 0.76%. , there were a total of 397 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 152 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 59 businesses involved in this sector. 106 people were employed in the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

and there were 15 businesses in this sector. 139 people were employed in the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...

, with 29 businesses in this sector. There were 670 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.1% of the workforce. there were a total of 301

full-time equivalent Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit that indicates the workload of an employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to measure a ...

jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 98, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 96 of which 58 or (60.4%) were in manufacturing and 38 (39.6%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 107. In the tertiary sector; 31 or 29.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 12 or 11.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 6.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 6 or 5.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 10 or 9.3% were in education and 2 or 1.9% were in health care. , there were 142 workers who commuted into the municipality and 438 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb
accessed 24 June 2010 Of the working population, 11% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.1% used a private car.

Religion

From the , 1,167 or 87.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 41 or 3.1% were

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.22% of the population), and there were 83 individuals (or about 6.20% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 18 (or about 1.34% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

. 34 (or about 2.54% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 30 individuals (or about 2.24% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Bowil about 479 or (35.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 87 or (6.5%) have completed additional higher education (either

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States ...

or a '' Fachhochschule''). Of the 87 who completed tertiary schooling, 72.4% were Swiss men, 24.1% were Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory

Kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th ce ...

, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an

apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a system for training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading). Apprenticeships can also enable practitioners to gain a ...

. During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 129 students attending classes in Bowil. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 16 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 6.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 6 primary classes and 94 students. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 19 students. 5.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document
accessed 4 January 2012 , there were 60 students in Bowil who came from another municipality, while 63 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Bowil is home to the ''Schul- und Gemeindebibliothek Bowil'' (municipal library of Bowil). The library has () 5,790 books or other media, and loaned out 13,362 items in the same year. It was open a total of 151 days with average of 7 hours per week during that year.
accessed 14 May 2010

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Municipalities of the canton of Bern Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern