Blackhat (film)

''Blackhat'' is a 2015 American action thriller film produced and directed by Michael Mann and starring Chris Hemsworth, Tang Wei, Viola Davis, Holt McCallany and Wang Leehom. The film premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on January 8, 2015, and was released in theaters on January 16. ''Blackhat'' was a box-office bomb, earning only $19.7 million at the box office against a budget of $70 million. The film received generally mixed reviews, with criticisms focused on casting and pace, though the film appeared on some critics' year-end lists.

Plot

A nuclear plant in Chai Wan, Hong Kong, goes into meltdown when a hacker causes the coolant pumps to overheat and explode. Soon after, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange gets hacked, causing soy futures to rise. The Chinese government and FBI determine that the hack was performed using a remote access tool. Captain Chen Dawai of the People's Liberation Army cyberwarfare unit is tasked with finding the hacker, and enlists the aid of his sister Lien, a networking engineer. He meets with FBI Special Agent Carol Barrett in Los Angeles and reveals the code in the tool was written by himself and Nicholas Hathaway, his college roommate, during their time at MIT. Dawai requests that Hathaway, who is in prison for hacking banks, be offered a temporary release in exchange for his services. Hathaway, knowing how necessary he is to the investigation, demands new terms: his prison sentence commuted if his assistance leads to the hacker's identification and capture. He is required to wear an ankle bracelet monitor and be accompanied by deputy U.S. Marshal Mark Jessup.

Hathaway manipulates the update system on Jessup's phone GPS that tracks his location, allowing him to follow his own lead and arrange a meeting with the hacker's partner at a restaurant. While they wait, he tells Lien about his past, but the partner does not arrive. Hathaway discovers a camera watching them and, following it to the connected computer, messages the hacker that he is now on his trail.

Clues uncovered by Dawai and Barrett lead the team to Hong Kong, where they work with Police Inspector Alex Trang. The team traces the stock trade money to a paramilitary operative named Elias Kassar. Hathaway, Jessup, Chen, and Trang, along with a Special Duties Unit team, raid Kassar's hideout, and a shootout ensues in a drainage tunnel, resulting in the deaths of Trang and several officers as Kassar and his men escape.

The nuclear plant has stabilized enough to have a data drive recovered from the control room, but it is corrupted by radiation. The National Security Agency's Black Widow software has the ability to repair the data, but they refuse to allow the Chinese access. Reluctantly sanctioned by Barret, Hathaway hacks into the NSA and uses Black Widow, discovering that the hacker's server is based in Jakarta. Lien finds out the hacker has been buying high-resolution satellite photos of a site near Seri Manjung, Malaysia.

For his illegal hack, the NSA and FBI demand Hathaway's return to prison. Dawai's superiors advise him to turn Hathaway over to the U.S. government, but he instead alerts Hathaway to their plans. Meanwhile, one of Kassar's men secretly plants a tracking device on Dawai's car. As Hathaway and Lien, who have become romantically involved, argue about his fleeing alone, Dawai is blown up by a rocket launched by Kassar; Barret and Jessup, arriving on the scene, manage to shoot several of Kassar's men before they are both killed. Lien and Hathaway escape on a subway train, and she uses her connections to charter a plane to Malaysia.

Hathaway deduces that the hacker's attack at the nuclear plant was merely a test for a later plan: to sabotage a large dam and destroy several major tin mines in Malaysia, allowing the hacker to make a profit buying tin options. In Jakarta, he hacks into a bank's computer to drain the hacker's bank accounts, forcing the hacker, Sadak, to contact him. Sadak and Hathaway agree to meet and discuss a partnership; Hathaway anticipates a double-cross and arms himself with makeshift weapons and body armor which he conceals under his clothes.

Though Hathaway insists Sadak and Kassar come alone, they bring their henchmen. Lien spots them and alerts Hathaway, who orders them to a new location in a park during a large religious procession. Hathaway trails them, but is caught at gunpoint by Kassar. As he is being frisked, Hathaway blindsides and stabs Kassar to death with a sharpened screwdriver. Sadak's men catch up and a firefight ensues; Hathaway is shot several times, but manages to kill the reinforcements. Sadak stabs Hathaway with a knife before Hathaway kills him. He reunites with Lien, who treats his wounds, before they leave Indonesia with Sadak's money.

Cast

Production

In an interview done at the LMU Film school, Michael Mann said he was inspired to make ''Blackhat'' after reading about the events surrounding Stuxnet, which was a computer worm that targeted and reportedly ruined almost one fifth of Iran's nuclear centrifuges. In keeping with his high standard for authenticity, Mann brought in several technical advisors and consultants like former hackers Kevin Poulsen (senior editor for ''Wired News'') and Christopher McKinley, to make the film as authentic as possible. McKinlay was famous for hacking the online dating site OkCupid in order to make his profile the most attractive to women. Director Mann also met with Mike Rogers, who was chairman of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence until 2015. Parisa Tabriz, who manages Google's information security engineering team, said that "It's the most accurate information security film I've seen."

The film was tentatively titled ''Cyber''; however, the final title was revealed on July 26, 2014, during a panel at San Diego Comic-Con International, and it was being estimated that it might qualify for the Oscars. The first official trailer for the film was released on September 25, 2014.

Filming began on May 17, 2013, in Los Angeles, California; Hong Kong; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and at Lapangan Banteng in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The film would be Mann's first feature to be shot entirely using digital cameras. Although ''Collateral,'' ''Miami Vice'' and '' Public Enemies'' were predominantly digital features, Mann employed 35 mm film sparingly.

Director Mann donated HK$300,000 (US$38,500) to The Community Chest of Hong Kong in the name of Hang Seng Bank, to thank the bank for allowing him to film ''Blackhat'' for five evenings in the bank's lobby area.

In November 2013, Universal set the North American release date for January 16, 2015.

Soundtrack

The film score was composed by Harry Gregson-Williams with Atticus Ross. Upon viewing the film, however, Gregson-Williams posted a message on Facebook stating that his score went almost unused in the final edit, which included synthesized music not prepared by Ross or himself. He went on to say that, "I therefore reluctantly join the long list of composers who have had their scores either sliced and diced mercilessly or ignored completely by Michael Mann." He stated that although he is credited for the score, the final film "contains almost none of my compositions". He later deleted the status update containing this information.

Mann later explained that he often prefers to use more than one composer "to rotate among different emotional perspectives", stating, "If a composer wants to have his music stand alone, he should be a recording artist and let his work contest itself in that arena."

Some of Ryan Amon's music that was originally used for '' Elysium'' was reused in the film. Mike Dean also contributed additional music.

Release

''Blackhat'' opened on January 16, 2015, against the wide release of '' American Sniper'', an "unexpected juggernaut", which set records for the largest January opening weekend in history. ''Blackhat'' was a box-office bomb, opening at number 11 and earning only $1.7 million on its opening day. It made just $4.4 million for the weekend against its $70 million budget. This made the movie one of the worst debuts ever for a movie playing in over 2,500 locations. After only two weeks, Universal decided to withdraw the film from all but 236 theaters. It had been in 2,568 theaters, making it the sixth-biggest drop in history for a third-week film.

An in-depth analysis by industry trade publication ''Deadline'' of why ''Blackhat'' did not perform primarily examined the marketing strategy as "the major challenge they were unable to overcome" with independent tracking services supporting this conclusion: "total awareness for ''Blackhat'' was in the 40–50% range on January 4 and grew to 50–60% on January 15 (versus ''American Sniper'' 80–90%)." Additionally, "the film wasn't helped by a marketing campaign that failed to convey a sophisticated plot and a romance... ''Blackhat'' instead chased a young audience with action footage that did not seem fresh."

Internationally, the film grossed $2.33 million in 19 territories in its opening weekend. It played below expectations in markets including Denmark, Greece, Poland, Taiwan, Turkey and Vietnam. ''Deadline'' credited Wang Leehom and Tang Wei's inclusion with increased success in other nations including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The film was anticipating great success in China, where Wang and Tang are household names, but the film was not approved by the government for exhibition, and it never showed. In its third weekend, the film grossed $1.8 million with openings of $595,000 and $446,000 in Russia and Spain, respectively. In its fourth weekend, the film grossed $1.2 million for a total of $8.4 million, with its top opener in Germany at $526,000.

Due to the less-than-stellar numbers at the American and Asian box offices, Universal Pictures International opted not to release ''Blackhat'' theatrically in Australia. The film was also scrapped for a theatrical release in Belgium.

In the aftermath, Legendary took a $90 million write-down on the film.

On February 20, 2015, ''Blackhat'' debuted in the UK.

Home media

''Blackhat'' was released on Blu-ray and DVD on May 12, 2015, in North America. The Blu-ray edition includes both a DVD copy of the film and a voucher for an UltraViolet/ iTunes digital copy, as well as three featurettes: "The Cyber Threat", "On Location Around the World" and "Creating Reality". The DVD edition contains only one featurette: "Creating Reality".

In Australia, the film was originally slated to be released theatrically on February 25, 2015, but due to its poor performance at the U.S. box office, it was instead released straight to home video on May 14, 2015. In the UK, the film was also released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 22, 2015.

Director's cut

Michael Mann premiered a re-edited 136-minute director's cut of the film at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on February 20, 2016. The re-edited version played once, as part of a retrospective series of Mann's films. The primary change in this cut was the movement of the film's nuclear reactor attack sequence from the opening to the middle of the film. Mann originally intended to place the reactor sequence in the middle, but moved it to the beginning of the theatrical cut just before its release. It premiered on FX on May 9, 2017. In 2018, it was made available exclusively on DirecTV, but was later removed from the service.

Reception

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 32% based on 190 reviews, with an average rating of 4.90/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Thematically timely, but dramatically inert, ''Blackhat'' strands Chris Hemsworth in a muddled misfire from director Michael Mann." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "C−" on an A+ to F scale.

For many critics, a significant issue of the film was the casting of Chris Hemsworth as a hacker. Christy Lemire in the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' stated in her review, "Anyone who makes his or her way in the world sitting in front of a computer screen all day is not going to look as hunky as Hemsworth." Hemsworth himself was unsatisfied with his performance, saying, "I didn't enjoy what I did in the film...It just felt flat, and it was also an attempt to do what I thought people might have wanted to see. But I don't think I'm good in that space."

Manohla Dargis of ''The New York Times'' gave the film a largely positive review, stating, "Michael Mann's thriller ''Blackhat'', a story about the intersection of bodies and machines, is a spectacular work of unhinged moviemaking." Kenneth Turan of the ''Los Angeles Times'' also gave it a positive review, writing, "It lures us in with the promise of up-to-the-minute villainy, but the satisfactions of 'Blackhat' are surprisingly old school." ''The Hollywood Reporter''s Sheri Linden noted, "The essential problem of cyber-thrillers is one that even so gifted a director hasn't quite solved, particularly in the film's first half: Characters looking at computer screens and explaining the significance of what they see doesn't make for the most riveting viewing." Matt Zoller Seitz, the editor-in-chief of '' RogerEbert.com'', gave ''Blackhat'' three-and-a-half out of four stars, stating in his review, "'Blackhat' is mainly about what happens when the real world is annexed by the virtual: what it does to geography and relationships; how it signal-jams our species' sense of time as a series of self-contained moments, and substitutes an existence that can feel like an endless, intrusive buzz."

Year-end lists

Although ''Blackhat'' received generally mixed reviews, many critics found merit in its filmmaking to include it in their "best-of" lists for 2015. In ''Sight & Sound'' magazine's poll for the best films of 2015, six critics voted for it as one of the five best films of the year.

* 2nd – Andrew Wright – ''Parallax View''
* 3rd – Michael Nordine – '' Village Voice''
* 4th – Ben Sachs – '' Chicago Reader''
* 6th – Bruce Reid – ''Parallax View''
* 7th – Scout Tafoya – ''RogerEbert.com''
* 8th – Danny Bowes – ''RogerEbert.com''
* 8th – Staff consensus – ''Slant''
* 10th – Brian Doan – ''RogerEbert.com''
* 11th – Matt Zoller Seitz – ''RogerEbert.com''

Accolades

Themes and interpretation

''Blackhat'', like several of Mann's crime thrillers, is a notable pop-cultural work on the theme of mass surveillance. According to critic Nick Pinkerton, Mann's concern with surveillance follows in the footsteps of earlier films by Fritz Lang and Henry Hathaway. The emerging relationship between power and network technology in the mid-20th century was a major theme in those directors' respective works, particularly Lang's ''The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse'' (1960) and Hathaway's '' The House on 92nd Street'' (1945) and '' Call Northside 777'' (1948). Pinkerton suggested that ''Blackhat''s protagonist was named "Hathaway" in an intentional allusion to the latter director.

In an early scene, several books seen on Hathaway's prison-cell bookshelf serve as an "ideological gate key" to the film, according to critic Niles Schwartz. These include books of philosophy and critical theory like Michel Foucault's '' Discipline and Punish'', Jean-François Lyotard's ''The Postmodern Condition'', Jacques Derrida's '' The Animal That Therefore I Am'', Jean Baudrillard's ''America''; a biography of nuclear physicists Ernest Lawrence and J. Robert Oppenheimer; and Brian Greene's '' The Elegant Universe'', an introduction to string theory. Manohla Dargis at ''The New York Times'' said ''Blackhat'' demonstrated Mann's "hybrid approach" to filmmaking, "at the crossroads of the classical Hollywood cinema and the European art film", as an action film containing highbrow philosophical references more typical of arthouse cinema from directors like Jean-Luc Godard.

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Blackhat
2015 films
2015 action thriller films
2015 crime thriller films
2010s English-language films
American action thriller films
American crime thriller films
Films about computer hacking
Films about the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Films about terrorism in Asia
Films directed by Michael Mann
Films produced by Michael Mann
Films produced by Thomas Tull
Films scored by Harry Gregson-Williams
Films scored by Atticus Ross
Films set in Chicago
Films set in Hong Kong
Films set in Indonesia
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in Malaysia
Films shot in Hong Kong
Films shot in Indonesia
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Malaysia
Legendary Pictures films
Malware in fiction
Films about the People's Liberation Army
Techno-thriller films
Universal Pictures films
2010s American films