Publication history
The original candidate for DC Comics' first headlining black superhero was a character called the Black Bomber, a white racist who would turn into a black superhero under stress. Comics historian Don Markstein later described the character as "an insult to practically everybody with any point of view at all". When the editor who had approved the Black Bomber left the company before the character had seen print, Tony Isabella (whose previous writing experience included Luke Cage, a black Marvel Comics superhero with his own title) was asked to salvage the character. Isabella convinced editors to instead use his Black Lightning character, which he had been developing for some time. Isabella wrote the first 10 issues of ''Black Lightning'' before handing it over to Dennis O'Neil, and Trevor Von Eeden designed the character's original costume and drew the first 11 issues. Only one issue scripted by O'Neil came out before the series was canceled in 1978 as part of a general large-scale pruning of the company's superhero titles known as the DC Implosion. Issue #12 was published in ''Cancelled Comic Cavalcade'' and ''World's Finest Comics'' #260. Black Lightning made a number of guest appearances in various titles over the next few years, including a string of issues of ''World's Finest Comics'' written by O'Neil, then shifted to ''Detective Comics'' and a two-part story in ''Justice League, Justice League of America'' in which he declined an offer of membership. In 1983, with his powers restored, he regularly appeared again as a member of Batman's spinoff superhero team, the Outsiders. When ''The Outsiders'' ended, he returned to making occasional guest appearances. In 1995, a new ''Black Lightning'' series began with art by Eddy Newell and again written by Tony Isabella, who was fired after the eighth issue and replaced with Australian writer David de Vries, Dave de Vries. The series was canceled five issues after Isabella left the title, the decision having been made before these issues had seen print. Isabella said he believes the editor replaced him with a newer writer to consolidate his position in the company. A "Black Lightning: Year One" six-issue Limited series (comics), limited series, written by Jen Van Meter and illustrated by Cully Hamner saw a bi-weekly release in 2009, and was nominated for two Glyph Awards in 2010. As part of the New 52, a revamped version of Black Lightning appeared in ''DC Universe Presents'' that was paired with the Blue Devil (DC Comics), Blue Devil.Fictional character biography
Year One
A gold medal-winning Olympic Games, Olympic decathlon, decathlete, Jefferson Pierce returned to his old neighborhood in the Southside (Suicide Slum) section of the city of Metropolis (comics), Metropolis with his wife Lynn Stewart and his daughter Thunder (comics), Anissa to become the Head teacher, principal of Garfield high school, High School. Southside, as it was once known, was where his father—renowned journalist Alvin Pierce—had been murdered. Guilt over this event was a factor in his decision to leave the city of Metropolis. Suicide Slum was being torn apart by a local organized crime, organized criminal gang called 100 (DC Comics), the 100, shady corporations, and crooked local politicians like Tobias Whale. A family friend and tailor, Peter Gambi, had taught a much younger Jefferson how to suppress his inborn metahuman abilities so that he would not accidentally hurt any of the people he cared about. Upon his return, Gambi suggested to Jefferson that he should use his powers to help the neighborhood, and refers him to a plaque with the paraphrased Milo Sweetman quote "Justice, like lightning, should ever appear to some men hope, to other men fear". (the original text of which was "Justice, like lightning, ever should appear to few men's ruin, but to all men's fear. Of mortal justice if thou scorn the rod, believe and tremble, thou art judged of God".) Appalled by the public murder of Earl Clifford, one of his more promising students, Pierce tried to intervene on behalf of the schoolchildren but quickly learned that the 100 objected violently to any interference. Pierce adopts the costumed identity "Black Lightning" where he had the costume, mask, and wig made by his tailor Peter Gambi. Years later, he would tell fellow African-American superhero Mister Terrific (Michael Holt), Mister Terrific that he chose the name ''Black'' Lightning because he "was the only one of us around" at the time, and he "wanted to make sure everyone knew who they were dealing with."Outsiders
After his own series was cancelled, Black Lightning lost his electrical powers, but continued fighting without them. The loss eventually turned out to be psychosomatic medicine, psychosomatic, a symptom of a crisis of confidence resulting from the accidental death of a female bystander named Trina Shelton during an altercation between Black Lightning and some gun-wielding thugs. Batman, wanting to recruit him to rescue Lucius Fox in Markovia, helped him regain his powers; this eventually led him to join Batman's team, the Outsiders. During his time with the Outsiders, a group of villains called the Masters of Disaster (comics), Masters of Disaster captured Black Lightning at the behest of the parents of Trina Shelton to avenge the death of their daughter; however, upon learning that he still regretted what happened and was willing to be executed by them, they risked their lives to save him. During the ''Invasion! (DC Comics), Invasion!'' crossover event, the Dominators detonated a Gene-Bomb that wreaked havoc with anyone possessing the Metahuman#The metagene, metagene by making them lose control of their powers. After the breakup of the Outsiders, Black Lightning moved to Brick City to continue his solo career.Secretary of Education
When Lex Luthor was elected President of the United States in 2000, he appointed Jefferson Pierce as United States Secretary of Education, Secretary of Education, with Pierce accepting as he concluded that he could do more good working within the system than outside it. He resigned amidst controversy over his "worst-kept secret in Washington" identity as Black Lightning and his alleged inadvertent killing of a criminally-minded corporate Chief executive officer, CEO, for which President Pete Ross (who had since succeeded Luthor) then pardoned him. Making frequent guest appearances in several DC series, Pierce has appeared in ''Green Arrow'' (who had a one-night stand with his niece, a successful attorney named Joanna Pierce). Pierce helped the Green Arrow track down Doctor Light (Arthur Light), Dr. Light in the ''Green Arrow'' "Heading into the Light" story arc. He also appeared in the new ''Outsiders (comics), Outsiders'', of which his daughter, Anissa (using the alias Thunder (comics)#Anissa Pierce, Thunder), is a member. He came to fight the new Sabbac and help his daughter alongside Captain Marvel Jr. and the Outsiders. He had on an outfit that mixed his second outfit with the colors of the first. After teaming up with the Outsiders, incoming President Pete Ross asked him to resign as Secretary of Education. which he did. At some point prior to his resignation, Pierce used his pull in Washington to deny the powerful metahuman gangster known as Holocaust (DC Comics), Holocaust a permit to build a casino on Paris Island in Dakota. This would come back to haunt Pierce sometime later when the enraged Holocaust attacked him while he was giving the graduation speech at Ernest Hemingway High School.''Infinite Crisis''
In issue #5 of the ''Infinite Crisis'' storyline, it was shown that Black Lightning was one of the eight people Batman had considered to aid him in destroying the OMAC (comics), Brother Eye satellite, which controlled the OMAC (comics), OMACs. Booster Gold, who was not on the list of eight, but knew about the candidates from his knowledge of the future, contacted Lightning before Batman did, as historical data from the future had shown who had aided Batman. Lightning accepted, arriving at the Batcave to await orders. He then forged an uneasy yet effective alliance with Mister Terrific (Michael Holt), Mister Terrific, combining their powers of electrical manipulation and invisibility technology to strike at the villainous AI from the inside. After the Secret Society of Super Villains, third Secret Society of Super Villains was formed, Black Lightning (as a member of Brad Meltzer's new Justice League) began using his status as Lex Luthor's former Secretary of Education to gain information from supervillains.Outsiders redux
In ''Outsiders'' vol. 3 #45, it was revealed that three years have passed since Jefferson's niece Joanna Pierce was murdered and that, upon initially learning of her death, Jefferson went after the corrupt businessman Martin Somers, the man who was responsible. He had intended to wound Somers with his lightning shot, but apparently ended up killing him. Jefferson turned himself in to the authorities. However, it is revealed that Deathstroke was responsible for Somers' death by firing a dart of toxin to Somers moments before Jefferson shot his lightning. Hence, he was dead before he hit the ground. Jason Todd discovered the truth while eavesdropping on the assassin's conversation with Lex Luthor (who was really Alexander Luthor, Jr. in disguise) and contacted Dick Grayson, Nightwing with this information. When Nightwing and Anissa told Jefferson of this in prison, he disbelieved it and intended to pay for Somers' death. Anissa herself intended to break her father out of Iron Heights Prison. Upon learning from Todd that other inmates were about to carry out a contract hit on Pierce (whose identity as an inmate had leaked to unknown parties), the Outsiders resolved to assist her. They freed him from jail and, with the audio recording of Deathstroke's conversation, cleared his name.Justice League of America
Years ago, the Green Arrow brought Black Lightning to the attention of the Justice League, Justice League of America, who extended an offer of membership to the protector of Suicide Slum. He turned down the offer, preferring to work as a loner and focus on street-level crime, though he did offer to become a reservist. Years later, when all of the JLA reservists were called in to fight a newly revived Amazo, Black Lighting was one of the heroes called, confirming that the League had accepted his offer. Most recently, however, Black Lightning has joined the JLA, once again appearing with a modified costume. He appears to be primarily based in Washington, D.C. again. Black Lightning assists the JLA with intelligence gathered from the criminal community. Many supervillains still believe he is 'in' with Lex Luthor and are thus willing to cooperate with him. Jefferson also helps the team in a battle against Amazo. He was the first member of the League to respond to the recent attacks made by the Amazons of Themyscira (DC Comics), Themyscira, and he also saved the President of the United States in this event. Black Lightning was the focus of the one-shot issue ''Final Crisis: Submit'', in which he helped the new Tattooed Man#Mark Richards, Tattooed Man and his family escape at the cost of his own freedom. He is subsequently shown in issue #4 of ''Final Crisis'' under Darkseid's thrall.Outsiders
Recently, Black Lightning was recruited by Alfred Pennyworth to join a new version of the Outsiders following an attack by Doctor Hurt which left Thunder comatose. Unlike previous iterations of the team, these Outsiders must live "off the grid" and stay out of contact with friends and family for months at a time. It is confirmed that, due to this new commitment, Black Lightning has left the Justice League.''The New 52''
In DC's 2011 reboot of its continuity, ''The New 52'', Black Lightning comes into conflict with Blue Devil (DC Comics), Blue Devil over their confrontation of Tobias Whale's crime wave. He later made an appearance as a possible recruit for the Justice League.''Black Lightning: Cold Dead Hands''
Black Lightning appeared in ''DC Rebirth'' in Detective Comics, and from there spun out into the series ''Batman & the Outsiders (comics), Outsiders''. Tony Isabella, the creator of Black Lightning, rebooted the character in a new six-part series that began in November 2017. The series, which takes place in Cleveland, "forgets" much of the previous history of the character. Tony Isabella says that this will not be an "origin" story, but one may follow.Powers and abilities
Originally, he was described as having no innate powers, using a belt that allowed him to generate a Force field (fiction), force field and project electrical bolts. This power was later revealed to exist as a result of the metagene, according to ''Invasion! (DC Comics), Invasion!'' #3. Black Lightning can produce a vast amount of bioelectricity he can channel against his opponents to a variety of effects, from stunning to killing. With more effort, he can control the electromagnetic force-field generated by his power to use it as shield against incoming attacks and to ionise objects in order to throw them to enemies.Supporting characters
Family
Jefferson has had two daughters by his ex-wife Lynn Stewart (comics), Lynn Stewart, both of whom have followed in his footsteps and become superheroes. His oldest daughter, Thunder (comics), Anissa Pierce, has taken on the code name "Thunder" and served on an incarnation of his team the Outsiders (comics), Outsiders. His 16-year-old, younger daughter Lightning (DC Comics), Jennifer Pierce, was recently recruited by the Justice Society of America under the code name "Lightning". A version of Lightning first appeared in ''Kingdom Come (comics), Kingdom Come'', a 1996 miniseries published by DC Comics. Pierce claims that people frequently ask him if he is the father of Static (DC Comics), Static, much to his chagrin. It is later revealed that Static is in fact a fan of Black Lightning and has a poster of the hero in his room in Titans Tower. In ''Young Justice (TV series), Young Justice'', after meeting and fighting alongside Static, Black Lightning offers to become Static's mentor.Enemies
Black Lightning's rogues' gallery consists of: * 100 (DC Comics), 100 - A criminal organization. ** Tobias Whale - Black Lightning's archenemy, a crime lord who heads up the Metropolis branch of the 100. Nicknamed "the Great White Whale" (which he hates). ** Andrew Henderson - The son of Inspector Henderson who is a master of disguise.''Black Lightning'' #3. DC Comics. ** The Ned Creegan, Cyclotronic Man - A former jewel thief who became a metahuman with powers similar to Black Lightning after exposure to radiation. Following an earlier fight with Batman, the Cyclotronic Man works as an assassin for the 100 and was hired to kill Black Lightning and Superman. ** Joey Toledo - A drug pusher who was responsible for the death of Earl Clifford. He was killed by a League of Assassins operative.''Black Lightning'' #2. DC Comics. ** Syonide - A whip-wielding mercenary and expert toxicologist. * Demolition - An armored supervillain.''Black Lightning'' vol. 2 #9 * Ishmael (character), Ishmael - A shapeshifting servant of Tobias Whale who was sent to assassinate the Gangbuster (DC Comics), Gangbuster while posing as him, but was defeated by Black Lightning and the Gangbuster. * Lamar Henderson - A kid in Brick City and cousin of Gail Harris who was pressured into joining the Home Crew gang. * Merlyn (DC Comics), Malcolm Merlyn the Dark Archer - An evil archer and member of the League of Assassins. * Miss Pequod - Tobias Whale's enigmatic secretary.''Black Lightning'' vol. 2 #8. DC Comics. * Painkiller (comics), Painkiller - A supervillain who was sent to kill Black Lightning. * Queequeg - A shapeshifting servant of Tobias Whale and brother of Ishmael. * Sick Nick - A doctor-themed villain. * Warhog - An assassin who was sent to kill Black Lightning. * White Thunder - An alien with flight and sound manipulation powers.Other versions
* Black Lightning has appeared in the ''Justice League Unlimited'' spin-off comic book. His appearances are in issues #15 and 27. * During a Justice League mission, the Vixen (comics), Vixen encounters an alternate version of Black Lightning called the "Brown Bomber", a contemporary version of the original Black Bomber envisioned prior to Tony Isabella's involvement with the character. * In the 1997 Tangent Comics series, "Black Lightning" is the codename of Francis Powell, a member of the Earth-Tangent variation of the Metal Men, as well as one of the key members of the government organization Nightwing. He is in charge of a mission to apprehend the Lia Nelson version of the Flash (DC Comics character), Flash with the help of "Dark Star" (Todd Rice). * Jefferson Pierce is featured in the ''Smallville, Smallville Season 11'' digital comic based on the Smallville, TV series. He is a member of the Outsiders. * Black Lightning appears in the ''Injustice: Gods Among Us'' prequel comic as a member of Batman's Insurgency. He aids them for Year One, but disappears from the team in following years. The Year Five ''Annual'' reveals this is because he became disillusioned by the drastic measures the Insurgency took, as he felt it made them no better than the Regime. However, he joins the Regime so that he can help rebuild Metropolis. He is visited by Batman and is informed that the Insurgency's plans are not yet over. In the sequel comic/prequel to ''Injustice 2'', he rejoins the Insurgency after the fall of the Regime and is elected President of the United States after the deaths of several government officials caused by the actions of Aqualad on the order of Ra's al Ghul. * A version of Black Lightning appears on Earth-23 in ''The New 52'' as part of a predominately African American Justice League led by a Black Superman.In other media
Television
Animation
* A character based on Black Lightning named Morris Grant / Soul Power appears in the ''Static Shock'' episode "Blast from the Past", voiced by Brock Peters. He is an elderly superhero who acquired his powers following an accident at the Hoover Dam, and operated in Dakota during the 1960s alongside his sidekick Sparky. In the present, he lives in a retirement home in Dakota, but is temporarily called out of retirement to help Static defeat his old enemy, Professor Menace. * Black Lightning appears in the ''Batman: The Brave and the Bold'', voiced by Bumper Robinson. This version is a teenager and leader of the Outsiders (comics), Outsiders. * Black Lightning appears in the "Thunder and Lightning" segment of ''DC Nation Shorts'', voiced by Blair Underwood. * Black Lightning appears in ''Young Justice (TV series), Young Justice: Invasion'', voiced by Khary Payton. This version is initially a member of the Justice League and Static (DC Comics), Static's mentor until he inadvertently kills a young girl who the List of Young Justice characters#The Light, Light turned into a monstrous metahuman soldier. A guilt-ridden Black Lightning considers retiring from superheroics, but is convinced to join Dick Grayson, Nightwing's team in dismantling the Light's metahuman trafficking rings before he learns of their association with Batman Inc. and willingness to use the Light's tactics against them. Eventually, Black Lightning helps expose Light member Lex Luthor's role in the trafficking rings and is appointed the new leader of the Justice League on the condition that everyone involved will not sacrifice their principles while fighting the Light.Live-action
* A Black Lightning (TV series), self-titled television series based on Black Lightning debuted on The CW on January 16, 2018, with Cress Williams portraying the titular character. The series is developed by Mara Brock Akil and Salim Akil, who also executive produce, along with Greg Berlanti and Sarah Schechter, for Akil Productions and Berlanti Productions, alongside Warner Bros. Television. Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox gave the series a "pilot production commitment" in September 2016. In January 2017, Berlanti stated the series, if ordered, would not crossover with his other DC Comics television properties on The CW nor would it exist in Arrowverse, their established universe. The following month, Fox passed on the series after deciding it was "not a good fit into its already crowded genre drama space." Shortly thereafter, it was picked up by The CW with a pilot order. The pilot episode was directed by Salim Akil. In May 2017, The CW officially ordered the project to become a series. This version of Black Lightning operates in Freeland while working as the principal of Garfield High School as Jefferson Pierce. In the past, Jefferson witnessed his father Alvin getting killed by gangster Tobias Whale and his men, which led to Jefferson being taken in by Alvin's friend Peter Gambi. Additionally, Jefferson previously operated as Black Lightning years prior before promising his wife Lynn Stewart to retire. During the Black Lightning (season 1), first season, Jefferson resurfaces as Black Lightning to fight Whale and the 100 (DC Comics), 100 as well as the A.S.A. (comics), A.S.A. while Jefferson's daughters Thunder (comics), Anissa and Lightning (DC Comics), Jennifer start to develop their own metahuman abilities. In the Black Lightning (season 2), second season, Jefferson loses his position as principal due to absence during the 100's attack on the school before he and his family are recruited by the A.S.A. to combat invading Markovians. In the Black Lightning (season 3), third season, Jefferson has been placed in an A.S.A. prison called the Pit, where he is experimented on. After eventually getting free, he is recruited by Nash Wells, Pariah to help heroes from across the Multiverse (DC Comics), multiverse avert the Crisis on Infinite Earths (Arrowverse), Crisis. While the Anti-Monitor (Arrowverse), Anti-Monitor consumes Jefferson's Earth, Oliver Queen (Arrowverse), Oliver Queen sacrifices himself to reboot the multiverse, leading to Jefferson's Earth becoming part of Earth-Prime (Arrowverse), Earth-Prime. In the Black Lightning (season 4), fourth season, Jefferson retires from being Black Lightning once more, but ultimately goes on to have a final confrontation with Whale. * Cress Williams also appears as Black Lightning in the Legends of Tomorrow (season 5), fifth season of ''Legends of Tomorrow'' and the The Flash (season 8), eighth season of ''The Flash (2014 TV series), The Flash''.Film
* Black Lightning makes a minor appearance in ''Superman/Batman: Public Enemies'', voiced by LeVar Burton. This version works for President Lex Luthor. * Black Lightning appears in ''Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths'', with vocal effects provided by an uncredited Cedric Yarbrough. This version is an associate of the Justice League. Additionally, a villainous alternate reality version of Black Lightning named Black Power appears as a minor member of the Crime Syndicate. * Black Lightning appears in ''Teen Titans Go! To the Movies''.Video games
* Black Lightning appears in ''Batman: The Brave and the Bold – The Videogame'', voiced again by Bumper Robinson. * Black Lightning appears in ''DC Universe Online'', voiced by Alexander Brandon. * Black Lightning appears as a "premier skin" for Raiden (Mortal Kombat), Raiden in ''Injustice 2'', voiced by Kane Jungbluth-Murry. Additionally, The CW incarnation of Black Lightning, referred to as "Multiverse Black Lightning", appears as a playable character in the mobile version. * Black Lightning appears as a playable character in ''Lego DC Super-Villains'' via the "DC TV Super-Heroes" DLC pack.Comic strip
Black Lightning appears in ''The World's Greatest Superheroes'' newspaper comic strip.Homages/parodies
* The ''Super Friends'' character Black Vulcan was originally intended to be Black Lightning, but the latter could not be used due to disputes between DC and Black Lightning's creator, Tony Isabella. * Black Lightning appears in a ''Saturday Night Live'' sketch based on ''The Death of Superman'' storyline, portrayed by Sinbad (actor), Sinbad. * Black Lightning appears in the ''Mad (TV series), Mad'' segment "That's What Super Friends Are For", voiced by Gary Anthony Williams.Reception
IGN listed Black Lightning as the 85th greatest comic book hero of all time, describing him as a "true hero and a born badass who has earned his spot on the Justice League".References
External links