Birgi
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Birgi is a small town located in the
Ödemiş Ödemiş is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey, as well as the name of its central town (urban population 75,577 as of 2012), located 113 km southeast of the city of İzmir. About 4 km north of Ödemiş town are the ruins of Hypa ...
district of
İzmir province İzmir Province ( tr, İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 distri ...
in
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
. Its current name is a distortion of its medieval Greek name, Pyrgion (Greek: Πυργίον, meaning "Little Tower").


History

In antiquity, the town was known as Dios Hieron ( gr, Διός Ἱερόν, 'Sanctuary of
Zeus Zeus or , , ; grc, Δῐός, ''Diós'', label=Genitive case, genitive Aeolic Greek, Boeotian Aeolic and Doric Greek#Laconian, Laconian grc-dor, Δεύς, Deús ; grc, Δέος, ''Déos'', label=Genitive case, genitive el, Δίας, ''D ...
'), one of two cities thus named. The city became part of the
Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kin ...
and the
Roman province The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...
of
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
with the annexation of the
Kingdom of Pergamon The Kingdom of Pergamon or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (; grc-x-koine, Δυναστε ...
. It was renamed to ''Christoupolis'' ( gr, Χριστούπολις) in the 7th century and was known as ''Pyrgion'' ( gr, Πυργίον) from the 12th century on. Pyrgion fell to the Turks in 1307, and became the capital of the beylik of Aydin.
Ibn Battuta Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battutah (, ; 24 February 13041368/1369),; fully: ; Arabic: commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Berbers, Berber Maghrebi people, Maghrebi scholar and explorer who travelled extensively in the lands of Afro-Eurasia, ...
visited the city and attended a lecture by the eminent professor Muhyi al-Din. It was subsequently incorporated into the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
in 1390. Birgi is well known for its classic
Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...
and
Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is the architectural style that developed under the Ottoman Empire. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century and developed from earlier Seljuk architecture, Seljuk Turkish architecture, with influen ...
and has been listed as a World Cultural Heritage by
(Protection_and_Promotion_of_the_Environment_and_Cultural_Heritage)
since_1994. In_2021,_archaeologists_unearthed_a_Byzantine_fort.


_Bishopric

The_
(Protection_and_Promotion_of_the_Environment_and_Cultural_Heritage)
since_1994. In_2021,_archaeologists_unearthed_a_Byzantine_fort.


_Bishopric

The_Roman_Empire">Roman_Era_ In_modern_historiography,_ancient_Rome_refers_to_Roman_civilisation_from_the_founding_of_the_city_of_Rome_in_the_8th_century_BC_to_the_collapse_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire_in_the_5th_century_AD._It_encompasses_the_Roman_Kingdom_(753–509_BC_...
__city_had_an_ancient_Christianity.html" "title="Roman_Empire.html" "title="ÇEKÜL
(Protection and Promotion of the Environment and Cultural Heritage)
since 1994. In 2021, archaeologists unearthed a Byzantine fort.


Bishopric

The Roman Empire">Roman Era In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
city had an ancient Christianity">Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
Bishopric attested as an episcopal see from at least 451, It was a suffragan of See of Ephesus, Ephesus, which it remained under until the late 12th century when it became a separate metropolis (religious jurisdiction), metropolis. There are four known
bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
s of this
diocese In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, pro ...
from antiquity. *Stephen took part in the
Council of Ephesus The Council of Ephesus was a council of Christian bishops convened in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey) in AD 431 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II. This third ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church th ...
of 431 *Eustorgios was not present at the
Council of Chalcedon The Council of Chalcedon (; la, Concilium Chalcedonense), ''Synodos tēs Chalkēdonos'' was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian. The council convened in the city of Chalcedon, Bith ...
(451) and his metropolitan, Stephen of Ephesus, signed on his behalf *Zoetus was among the fathers of the Council of Constantinople of 680 and the
Council in Trullo The Quinisext Council (Latin: ''Concilium Quinisextum''; Koine Greek: , ''Penthékti Sýnodos''), i.e. the Fifth-Sixth Council, often called the Council ''in Trullo'', Trullan Council, or the Penthekte Synod, was a church council held in 692 at ...
of 692 *Stephen of Pyrgion participated at the two Councils of Constantinople in 869–870 and 879–880 who dealt with the issue of Patriarch
Photios I of Constantinople Photios I ( el, Φώτιος, ''Phōtios''; c. 810/820 – 6 February 893), also spelled PhotiusFr. Justin Taylor, essay "Canon Law in the Age of the Fathers" (published in Jordan Hite, T.O.R., & Daniel J. Ward, O.S.B., "Readings, Cases, Materia ...
Today Dioshieron survives as
titular bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...
ric in the
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, so far the see has never been assigned.Dioshieron
at GCatholic.org.


Notable historic structures

* Çakırağa Mansion — built in 18th-century Ottoman style by the wealthy Çakırağa family. * Aydınoğlu Mehmet Bey Mosque — commissioned in 1313 by Mehmet Bey, the founder of the Aydinids. * Aydınoğlu Baths (14th century) * Tomb of Birgivi Mehmet Efendi (16th century) * Birgivi Mehmet Efendi Madrasa (16th century) * Sultanşah Mausoleum *
Fortress Madrasa A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
, where Sultan
Mehmed II the Conqueror Mehmed II ( ota, محمد ثانى, translit=Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; tr, II. Mehmed, ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror ( ota, ابو الفتح, Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit=the Father of Conquest, links=no; tr, Fâtih Su ...
(March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481) was educated. * Sandıkoğlu Mansion (19th century) * Karaoğlu Mosque (18th century) * Birgi city walls * Iron Magazine (16th century)


References

{{Authority control Populated places in İzmir Province Towns in Turkey Ödemiş District World Heritage Sites in Turkey History of İzmir Province Aydınids World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey Populated places in ancient Ionia Catholic titular sees in Asia