William Ronald Reid Jr. ( – ) (Haida) was a Canadian artist whose works include jewelry, sculpture, screen-printing, and paintings. Producing over one thousand original works during his fifty-year career, Reid is regarded as one of the most significant Northwest Coast artists of the late twentieth century. Some of his major works were featured on the Canadian $20 banknote of the Canadian Journey series (2004–2012).

Biography



Early years

William Ronald Reid Jr., was born in Victoria, British Columbia; his father was American William Ronald Reid Sr., of Scottish-German descent and his mother, Sophie Gladstone Reid, was from the Kaadaas gaah Kiiguwaay, Raven/Wolf Clan of T'anuu, more commonly known as the Haida, one of the First Nations of the Pacific coast. However, Reid was raised without knowledge of his Haida heritage due to the oppressive measures of the Indian Act. When Reid was in his early twenties, he visited his ancestral home of Skidegate for the first time since he was an infant. He desired to connect with his relatives and his Indigenous identity, later commenting that "in turning to his ancestors, in reclaiming his heritage for himself, he was . . . looking for an identity which he had not found in modern western society." In Skidegate Reid spent time with his maternal grandfather, Charles Gladstone, a traditional Haida silversmith. Gladstone first taught Reid about Haida art, and through him, Bill inherited his tools from his great-great-uncle Charles Edenshaw, a renowned artist who died the year Reid was born. In 1944, Reid married his first wife, Mabel van Boyen. In 1948, the couple moved to Toronto, where Reid further developed his keen interest in Haida art while working as a radio announcer for CBC Radio and studying jewelry making at the Ryerson Institute of Technology. During his spare time, he made regular trips to the Royal Ontario Museum and admired the carved Haida pole installed in the main stairwell, which originated from his grandmother's village of T'aanuu. Upon completing his studies, Reid made his first Haida-inspired piece of jewelry, a bracelet resembling the ones he saw his maternal aunt wear when he was a child. In 1951, Reid returned to Vancouver, where he eventually established a studio on Granville Island. He became greatly interested in the works of Edenshaw, working to understand the symbolism of his work, much of which had been lost along with many Haida traditions. During this time Reid also worked on salvaging artifacts, including many intricately carved totem poles, which were then moldering in abandoned village sites. He assisted in the partial reconstruction of a Haida village in the University of British Columbia Museum of Anthropology. Working in the traditional forms and modern media (usually gold, silver and argillite), Reid began by making jewelry. He gradually explored larger sculptures in bronze, red cedar and Nootka Cypress (yellow cedar), usually portraying figures, animals, and scenes from Haida mythology. He intended to express his ancestors' visual traditions into a contemporary form.

Major works and awards

Reid's most popular works are three large bronze sculptures. Two depict a canoe filled with human and animal figures: one black, ''The Spirit of Haida Gwaii'', is at the Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C., in the United States; and one green, ''The Jade Canoe'', is at Vancouver International Airport, in British Columbia. The third sculpture, ''Chief of the Undersea World'', depicts a breaching orca and is installed at the Vancouver Aquarium. Plaster casts of these sculptures are held by the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Canada. thumb|100px| OBC ribbon

Legacy and honours

Reid received many honours in his life, including honorary degrees from the University of British Columbia, the University of Toronto, the University of Victoria, the University of Western Ontario, York University, and Trent University. He received the National Aboriginal Achievement Award, the Indspire Awards, for Lifetime Achievement in 1994, and was made a member of the Order of British Columbia and an Officer of France's Order of Arts and Letters. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. On 30 April 1996 Canada Post issued 'The Spirit of Haida Gwaii, 1986-1991, Bill Reid' in the Masterpieces of Canadian art series. The stamp was designed by Pierre-Yves Pelletier based on the sculpture ''The Spirit of Haida Gwaii'' (1991) by William Ronald Reid in the Canadian Embassy, Washington, United States. The 90¢ stamps are perforated 12.5 x 13 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited. Two of his sculptures, ''The Raven and the First Men'' and ''Spirit of Haida Gwaii'', are prominently featured on the $20 note in the Bank of Canada's new ''Canadian Journey'' (2004) issue, paired with a quotation from author Gabrielle Roy.$20- 2001-2004 Series, ''Canadian Journey''- Bank note series, 1935 to present- Bank Notes- Bank of Canada
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Later years

Reid participated in the blockades of logging roads which helped save the rain forests of Gwaii Haanas (South Moresby). He stopped work on the sculpture in Washington during this period to protest the destruction of the forests of Haida Gwaii, by the time Bill Reid was alive the archipelago was called the Queen Charlotte Islands. In 1981, he married Martine de Widerspach-Thor (Mormanne), a French anthropologist. Having dedicated the later part of his life to the creation of new works and these tasks of curation, Reid died on 13 March 1998, of Parkinson's disease, in Vancouver. In July 1998 friends and relatives paddled Lootaas, a large cedar canoe carved by Reid for Expo 86, on a two-day journey along the Pacific coast to bring his ashes to Tanu Island in Haida Gwaii, the site of his mother's village of New Clew.

Gallery

File:Fish aquarium Van.JPG|''Chief of the Undersea World'', Vancouver Aquarium File:Raven and the First Men, left side.jpg|''The Raven and the First Men'', UBC Museum of Anthropology. It depicts part of a Haida creation myth. The Raven represents the Trickster figure common to many mythologies. File:Bear Mother.jpg|''Bear Mother'', Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, Ottawa, Ontario File:Bill Reid Haida Gail 01.jpg|''The Spirit of Haida Gwaii (The Black Canoe)'', Canadian Embassy, Washington, D.C., USA Haida bear figure (UBC-2010).jpg|''Bear'', UBC Museum of Anthropology

See also

*Notable Aboriginal people of Canada *List of indigenous artists of the Americas

References



External links


Iljuwas Bill Reid: Life & Work
by Gerald McMaster, published by the Art Canada Institute
Article on Bill Reid (2019)Douglas Reynolds Gallery (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)"Bill Reid"
1979 NFB documentary

CBC Digital Archives
''The Raven's Call / L'Appel du Corbeau''
virtual exhibition from the ''Virtual Museum of Canada'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Reid, Bill Category:1920 births Category:1998 deaths Category:Canadian people of American descent Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:Canadian people of German descent Category:First Nations jewelers Category:First Nations sculptors Category:Haida woodcarvers Category:First Nations activists Category:Members of the Order of British Columbia Category:Northwest Coast art Category:Artists from Victoria, British Columbia Category:Victoria College, British Columbia alumni Category:Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Category:20th-century Canadian sculptors Category:Canadian male sculptors Category:20th-century male artists Category:20th-century First Nations people Category:Indspire Awards