Bhai Nand Lal ( fa, ; pa, ਭਾਈ ਨੰਦ ਲਾਲ; 1633–1713), also known by his pen name Goya ( fa, ; pa, ਗੋਯਾ), was a 17th-century

Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...

poet in the

Punjab region Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising a ...

. He was born in Ghazni Afghanistan . His father Diwan Chajju Ram was chief secretary( Diwan) of

Dara Shikoh Dara Shikoh ( fa, ), also known as Dara Shukoh, (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659) was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Dara was designated with the title ''Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba'' ("Prince of High Rank ...

eldest son of Aurangazeb who was living there by the and moved there after living in Multan west Punjab now Pakistan..He was one of the fifty-two poets of

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sin ...

's darbar (court). Bhai Sahib lived in

Multan Multan (; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Chenab River. Multan is Pakistan's seventh largest city as per the 2017 census, and the major cultural, religious and economic centre of southern Punjab. Multan is one of the ol ...

and later became a courtier in darbar of

; the tenth

Guru.

Life

He was provided education in

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...

, Persian, and

Mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

during his early years. At the age of 12 he started writing poetry in Persian under the pen name Goya. At the age of 17 he lost his mother, and two years later his father. In 1652, he went to

and settled over there, and was married to a

girl. Thereafter, he became inclined towards

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

, met

in 1682 and later became

Amritdhari Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

. After few months at Anandpur Sahib he joined prince Muazzam as secretary and later rose to post of chief secretary.When Aurangzeb on hearing about his knowledge about Quran expressed to get him converted to Islam religion , he finally left his job with Prince Muazzam in 1687 and appeared before

in Anandpur Sahib, where he stayed upto 1704 . When Guru Gobind Singh left Anandpur Sahib in 1704 he went to Multan again . In 1707 he joined again his previous master prince Muazzam at his call and became a source to invite Guru Gobind Singh for inviting him to help Bahadur Shah in gaining Delhi Throne.Prince Moazzam later became king of Delhi as King Bahadur Shah. He came to

again in 1712 after the death of Bahadur Shah I and started a school of

and

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

n there. He died in 1713 when in

.This school was found functioning in 1849 when the British annexed Punjab from Sikh empire.

Works

Some of his major works include: # Diwan-i-Goya # Zindaginama # Ganjnama # Tankhahnama # Jot Bigaas # Arz-ul-Alfaz # Tausif-O-Sana # Khatimat (poetry) # Dastoor-ul-Insha # Faiz-i-Nur

Translations of Works

His works original in Persian have been translated in punjabi and English very often .Translation of Diwan-i-Goya , titled as The Pilgrim’s Way by B P L Bedi in English has foreword from Dr Saravpalli Radhakrishnan and published by Punjabi University Patiala can be read at archive.org at following adress https://archive.org/details/the-pilgrims-way/mode/2up?view=theater . Original persian verse for the same Diwan-I-Goya can be read at this link https://bnlgfarsipathshala.org/diwan-e-goya/.

References

External links

Bhai Nand Lal WebsiteGhazals of Bhai Nand Lal with ExplanationBhai Nand Lal's Ghazals - Giani Sant Singh Maskeen (live)
Indian Sikhs History of Sikhism History of Punjab Persian-language poets People from Ghazni Province 1633 births 1713 deaths {{India-poet-stub

Life

Works

Translations of Works

See also

References

External links