, native_name = , image_name = Belaya Zemlya 2020-07-29 Sentinel-2 L2A Highlight Optimized Natural Color.jpg , image_caption =

Sentinel-2 Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission from the Copernicus Programme that systematically acquires optical imagery at high spatial resolution (10 m to 60 m) over land and coastal waters. The mission is currently a constellation with two satel ...

image (2020) , image_size = , map_image = Kara sea ZFJBZ.PNG , map_caption = Location of the Belaya Zemlya subgroup of the Franz Josef Archipelago , nickname = , location =

Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

, coordinates = , archipelago =

Franz Josef Archipelago , native_name = , image_name = Map of Franz Josef Land-en.svg , image_caption = Map of Franz Josef Land , image_size = , map_image = Franz Josef Land location-en.svg , map_caption = Location of Franz Josef ...

, total_islands = , major_islands = , area_km2 = , length_km = , width_km = , highest_mount = , elevation_m = , population = , population_as_of = , density_km2 = , ethnic_groups = , country =

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

, additional_info = Belaya Zemlya (russian: Белая Земля, literally "White Land") is a group of three cold, glaciated islands. It is a geographical subgroup of

Franz Josef Land , native_name = , image_name = Map of Franz Josef Land-en.svg , image_caption = Map of Franz Josef Land , image_size = , map_image = Franz Josef Land location-en.svg , map_caption = Location of Franz Josef ...

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

History

This area was named Hvidtenland (Norwegian: "White Land") by

Fridtjof Nansen Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (; 10 October 186113 May 1930) was a Norwegian polymath and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He gained prominence at various points in his life as an explorer, scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian. He led the team t ...

, who reached this desolate place on August 5, 1895 during his polar expedition. In his map he drew four islands. Since the limit of permanent ice crosses Belaya Zemlya, it is often difficult to distinguish between land and sea. However, as the cartography of the Franz Josef Archipelago became more accurate, it became apparent that it was a group of three islands. Belaya Zemlya is the point of the Franz Josef Archipelago that

Valerian Albanov Valerian Ivanovich Albanov (russian: Валериа́н Ива́нович Альбанов; 26 May 1881 – 1919) was a Russian navigator, best known for being one of two survivors of the Brusilov expedition of 1912, which killed 22. Ea ...

was trying to reach when he left the

Svyataya Anna The HMS ''Newport'' was launched in Wales in 1867. Having become the first ship to pass through the Suez Canal, she was sold in 1881 and renamed ''Pandora II''. She was purchased again in about 1890 and renamed ''Blencathra'', taking part in ...

with part of the crew, but owing to the polar ice drift and the abundance of

polynia A polynya () is an area of open water surrounded by sea ice. It is now used as a geographical term for an area of unfrozen seawater within otherwise contiguous pack ice or fast ice. It is a loanword from the Russian полынья (), which re ...

s along his route, he ended up far to the southwest in

Alexandra Land Alexandra Land (russian: Земля Александры, ''Zemlya Aleksandry'') is a large island located in Franz Josef Land, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russian Federation. Not counting detached and far-lying Victoria Island, it is the westernmost ...

Geography

Belaya Zemlya is separated from the main Franz Josef group by a broad strait known as Proliv Severo-Vostochnyy. The strait running through Belaya Zemlya is called Proliv Sarsa, named after Michael Sars.

Islands

* Eva Island (Остров Ева-Лив), or "Eva-Liv Island", as it includes the Liv Peninsula. With in length, this is the largest island of the group. Eva Island was named after Fridtjof's wife Eva Nansen (died in 1907). The island is completely covered by two

ice dome Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Ty ...

s. *

Adelaide Island Adelaide Island is a large, mainly ice-covered island, long and wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost moun ...

(Остров Аделаиды). Only in length, this is a very small island. It is located to the southwest of Eva Island's western end. Adelaide Island was named by Nansen, after his mother Adelaide Wedel-Jarlsberg. * Freeden Island (Остров Фреден), sometimes also spelt "Fryeden" because of the

transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus ''trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or L ...

from the Russian. This is a larger oval-shaped island, with a length of . It lies south of Adelaide Island. Freeden Island was named by

Julius Payer Julius Johannes Ludovicus Ritter von Payer (2 September 1841, – 29 August 1915), ennobled Ritter von Payer in 1876, was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, mountaineer, arctic explorer, cartographer, painter, and professor at the There ...

after Wilhelm von Freeden.

References

External links

Fridtjof Nansen's early map

Eva Nansen
* :ru:Список островов России Names in Russian Islands of Franz Josef Land {{ArkhangelskOblast-geo-stub

History

Geography

Islands

See also

References

External links