Before Sunset

''Before Sunset'' is a 2004 American romantic drama film directed by Richard Linklater, who co-wrote the screenplay with Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy, from a story by Linklater and Kim Krizan. The sequel to ''Before Sunrise'' (1995) and the second installment in the ''Before'' trilogy, ''Before Sunset'' follows Jesse (Hawke) and Céline (Delpy) as they reunite nine years later in Paris.

Linklater, Krizan, Hawke and Delpy began developing a larger budget sequel after the release of ''Before Sunrise'', but failed to secure funding. After a period of independent work, notably inspired by Hawke's divorce from Uma Thurman, the writers came together in 2003 and incorporated elements of their screenplays, as well as scenes written during development of ''Before Sunrise'', to create the film's screenplay. Principal photography took place entirely in Paris, and the film is considered to take place in real time. Delpy also contributed original music to the film's soundtrack.

''Before Sunset'' premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 10, 2004, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 2, 2004. It grossed $16 million against a $2–2.7 million budget and received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for Linklater's direction, the performances and chemistry of its leads, and its screenplay. It received numerous accolades, being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and appeared on many publications' lists of the best films of the year, some even calling it one of the best of the decade. It was followed by a third film, ''Before Midnight'', in 2013.

Plot

Nine years after meeting Céline in Vienna, Jesse has written a bestselling novel, ''This Time'', based on their time together. During a book tour in Europe, he does a reading at Shakespeare and Company, where three journalists interview him: one is convinced the novel's characters meet again, another that they do not, and a third who wants them to but is doubtful that will occur. Céline also attends the reading.

Required to leave for the airport in an hour, Jesse and Céline use the time to roam Paris. Their conversations soon become deeply personal, and they passionately discuss work, politics and lament their failure to meet again in Vienna or exchange contact details. Céline informs she did not return as her grandmother died, and Jesse claims that he did not return either; after Céline asks him why he did not, he confesses that he did return.

They reveal how their lives have changed in the nine years apart: Jesse is married and has a son named Hank, while Céline has become an environmental activist and is in a relationship with a photojournalist. They each express dissatisfaction with their lives as they walk around Paris, and their old romantic feelings are slowly rekindled. Jesse says his novel was inspired by the hope of seeing Céline again, and she says that reading it caused painful memories.

Céline and Jesse arrive at her apartment, even after continuous insistence that Jesse should not miss his flight. Jesse persuades her to play a waltz on her guitar, which she wrote about their encounter in Vienna. Jesse plays Nina Simone's " Just in Time" on her stereo, which Céline dances to as he watches, the pair acknowledging he will miss his flight.

Cast

Production

After the filming of ''Before Sunrise'', Linklater, Krizan, Hawke, and Delpy discussed making a sequel. Linklater considered a version to be filmed in four locations and with a much larger budget. When his proposal did not secure funding, he scaled back the concept of the movie. In a 2010 interview, Hawke said that the four had worked on several potential scripts over the years. As time passed and they did not secure funding, they adapted elements of the earlier scripts for ''Before Sunrise'' in their final draft of ''Before Sunset.''

Linklater described the process of completing the final version of the film as:

Hawke said, "It's not like anybody was begging us to make a second film. We obviously did it because we wanted to."

The movie was filmed entirely on location in Paris. It opens inside the Shakespeare and Company bookstore on the Left Bank. Other locations include their walking through the Marais district of the 4th arrondissement, Le Pure Café in the 11th arrondissement, the Promenade Plantée park in the 12th arrondissement, on board a '' bateau mouche'' from Quai de la Tournelle to Quai Henri IV, the interior of a taxi, and finally "Céline's apartment." Described in the film as located at 10 rue des Petites-Écuries, it was filmed in Cour de l'Étoile d'Or off rue du Faubourg St-Antoine.

The movie was filmed in 15 days, on a budget of about US$2–2.7 million. The film is noted for its use of the Steadicam for tracking shots and its use of long takes; the longest of the Steadicam takes lasts about 11 minutes. As the summer was one of the hottest on record, the cast and crew suffered along with the city residents, as temperatures exceeded 100 degrees F (38 °C) for most of the production.

The film is notable for essentially taking place in real time, i.e. the time elapsed in the story is the run time of the film. In the fast-changing temperate Paris climate, this created challenges for the cinematographer Lee Daniel to match the color and intensity of the skies and ambient light from scene to scene. The scenes were mostly shot in sequence, as they were still developing the screenplay. Producer Anne Walker-McBay worked with less time and less money than she had on ''Before Sunrise'', but still brought the film in on time and on budget. The sequel was released nine years after ''Before Sunrise'', the same amount of time that has lapsed in the plot since the events of the first film.

The film was released in the wake of Hawke's divorce from Uma Thurman. Some commentators drew parallels between Hawke's personal life and the character of Jesse in the film. Additional comment has noted that both Hawke and Delpy incorporated elements of their own lives into the screenplay. Delpy wrote two of the songs featured in the film, and a third by her was included in the closing credits and movie soundtrack.

Release

''Before Sunset'' premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in February 2004, and received a limited release in the United States on July 2, 2004.

Box office

In its opening weekend, the film grossed $219,425 in 20 theaters in the United States, averaging $10,971 per theater. During its entire theatrical run, the film grossed $5.8 million in the United States and nearly $16 million worldwide.

Critical reception

On Rotten Tomatoes ''Before Sunset'' holds an approval rating of 94% based on 177 reviews, with an average rating of 8.30/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "Filled with engaging dialogue, ''Before Sunset'' is a witty, poignant romance, with natural chemistry between Hawke and Delpy." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 90 out of 100 based on 39 reviews from mainstream publications, indicating "universal acclaim". The film appeared on 28 critics' top 10 lists of the best films of 2004, and took the 27th spot on Metacritic's list of The Best-Reviewed Movies of the Decade (2000–09).

In comparing this film to its predecessor, American film critic Roger Ebert wrote, "''Before Sunrise'' was a remarkable celebration of the fascination of good dialogue. But ''Before Sunset'' is better, perhaps because the characters are older and wiser, perhaps because they have more to lose (or win), and perhaps because Hawke and Delpy wrote the dialogue themselves." In her review for the ''Los Angeles Times'', Manohla Dargis lauded the film as a "deeper, truer work of art than the first," and praised director Linklater for making a film that "keeps faith with American cinema at its finest."

Reviewing the acting, Peter Travers of ''Rolling Stone'' observed, "Hawke and Delpy find nuance, art and eroticism in words, spoken and unspoken. The actors shine." Philip French of ''The Observer'' wrote,

On the merits of the script, A. O. Scott of ''The New York Times'' noted, it was "sometimes maddening," but "also enthralling, precisely because of its casual disregard for the usual imperatives of screenwriting." He elaborated,

In the United Kingdom, the film was ranked the 110th-greatest movie of all time by a 2008 ''Empire'' poll. In 2010, the critics at ''The Guardian'' placed ''Before Sunrise/Before Sunset'' at number 3 in their list of the best romantic films of all time, and called the ending of ''Before Sunset'' "one of the most tantalising and ingenious endings in all cinema."

;Top 10 lists
As noted by Metacritic, the film appeared on the following critics' top 10 lists of 2004.

* 1st – Village Voice Film Poll (94 film critics surveyed)
* 1st – Stephanie Zacharek, ''Salon.com''
* 1st – Marc Savlov, ''Austin Chronicle''
* 2nd – David Ansen, ''Newsweek''
* 2nd – Mick LaSalle, ''San Francisco Chronicle''
* 2nd – Carla Meyer, ''San Francisco Chronicle''
* 3rd – Ty Burr, ''The Boston Globe''
* 3rd – Kimberley Jones, ''Austin Chronicle''
* 3rd – James Berardinelli, ''ReelViews''
* 3rd – Charles Taylor, Salon.com
* 3rd – Dennis Lim, ''Village Voice''
* 4th – Manohla Dargis, ''The New York Times''
* 4th – Michael Atkinson, ''Village Voice''
* 4th – Michael Sragow, ''The Baltimore Sun''

* 5th – Ruthe Stein, ''San Francisco Chronicle''
* 6th – Michael Wilmington, ''Chicago Tribune''
* 6th – Owen Gleiberman, ''Entertainment Weekly''
* 6th – Jack Mathews, ''New York Daily News''
* 6th – J. Hoberman, ''Village Voice''
* 7th – Jonathan Rosenbaum, ''Chicago Reader''
* 7th – Lawrence Toppman, ''The Charlotte Observer''
* 8th – Scott Foundas, ''LA Weekly''
* 9th – Claudia Puig, ''USA Today''
* 9th – Marjorie Baumgarten, ''Austin Chronicle''
* No order specified – Ella Taylor, ''LA Weekly''
* No order specified – Carina Chocano, ''Los Angeles Times''
* No order specified – Steven Rea, ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''
* No order specified – Shawn Anthony Levy, ''Portland Oregonian''

Accolades

;Awards
* 2004 Boston Society of Film Critics Award – Best Film (2nd Place)

;Nominations
* 2004 77th Academy Awards – Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay) for Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke and Kim Krizan
* 2004 Independent Spirit Award – Best Screenplay for Richard Linklater, July Delpy and Ethan Hawke
* 2005 Writers Guild of America Award – Best Adapted Screenplay for Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke and Kim Krizan
* 2004 Berlin International Film Festival – Golden Bear
* 2004 Gotham Awards – Best Film

In a 2016 BBC
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