The Battle of Landriano took place on 21 June 1529, between the French army under Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol and the Imperial–Spanish army commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova in the context of the War of the League of Cognac. The French army was destroyed and the battle's strategic result was that the struggle between

Francis I of France Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin on ...

and

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain ( Castile and Aragon) fr ...

for control of

northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative region ...

was temporarily at an end.Cadenas y Vincent p.290

Background

In 1528 the Genoese Admiral,

Andrea Doria Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi (; lij, Drîa Döia ; 30 November 146625 November 1560) was a Genoese statesman, ', and admiral, who played a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime. As the ruler of Genoa, Doria reformed the Rep ...

, after deserting in favour of

Emperor Charles V Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain ( Castile and Aragon) fr ...

, managed to break up the French siege of

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...

; his efforts were helped by the

plague Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pes ...

, which decimated the French besiegers, among them General

Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec (1485 – 15 August 1528) was a French military leader. As Marshal of France, he commanded the campaign to conquer Naples, but died from the bubonic plague in 1528. Biography Odet was the son of Jean de Foix ...

, who died on 15 August.Cadenas y Vincent p.289 After his death, the French army was commanded by

Giovanni Ludovico of Saluzzo {{Infobox noble, type , name = Giovanni Ludovico , title = Marquess of Saluzzo , image = File:Giovanni Ludovico marchese di Saluzzo2, 1528-29.jpg , caption = effigy of Giovanni Ludovico , alt ...

, who, under the circumstances ordered his troops to withdraw on 29 August, but eventually the Imperial–Spanish forces led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, caught up with them and decimated them. Shortly after the whole French army in the south of

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

capitulated. Between August 1528 and June 1529, intense diplomatic activities between King

and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resulted in the Treaty of Barcelona. Armoiries François Ier d'Estouteville

Battle

On 21 June 1529

King Francis I Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once ...

still had his troops stationed in Landriano, a region of

Lombardy (man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , ...

, near

Pavia Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the ...

, scene of the decisive confrontation which resulted in a total French defeat in

. The Count of St. Pol's reserve French troops were intercepted and neutralised by the Spanish troops commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova. The French army was destroyed, which ended

Francis Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome * Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Francis (surname) Places *Rural ...

's hopes of regaining his hold on

. The French commander, Francis de Bourbon, was also captured, leaving the

Duchy of Milan The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sin ...

under the complete control of the

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( ...

. Hostilities continued however, although without any French participation, with the Imperial–Spanish army led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, against the

Republic of Florence The Republic of Florence, officially the Florentine Republic ( it, Repubblica Fiorentina, , or ), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany. The republic originated in 1115, when the Fl ...

and installing

Alessandro de' Medici Alessandro is both a given name and a surname, the Italian form of the name Alexander. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Alessandro * Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), Italian portrait painter * Alessandro Baricco ...

as the ruler of

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

.Guicciardini. ''The History of Italy'' p.432

Aftermath

With France's defeat in Landriano and the Treaty of Barcelona,

felt obliged to begin negotiations with the

. On 3 August, the King of France's mother,

Louise of Savoy Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476 – 22 September 1531) was a French noble and regent, Duchess ''suo jure'' of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, and the mother of King Francis I. She was politically active and served as the regent of F ...

, and the Emperor's aunt, Margaret of Austria, signed the

Treaty of Cambrai The Treaty of Cambrai is also known as the Paz de las Damas or Paix des Dames (Ladies' Peace). On August 3, 1529, this agreement ended a war between the French king Francis I and the Spanish Habsburg emperor Charles V. The treaty temporarily ...

obtained the restitution of his sons, but on the condition that he had to abandon

, persuade the Venetians and the Duke of Ferrara to restore the occupied lands to the

and

Pope Clement VII Pope Clement VII ( la, Clemens VII; it, Clemente VII; born Giulio de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the ...

, not to interfere in the affairs of

and

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

, and to cooperate in the fight against the

Protestants Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

, to provide compensation of 200,000

ducats The ducat () coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages from the 13th to 19th centuries. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained ...

and send 4 ships, 12 galleys and 4 galleons for when the

planned to go to Italy for his coronation. The Treaty made no reference to the

Duchy of Burgundy The Duchy of Burgundy (; la, Ducatus Burgundiae; french: Duché de Bourgogne, ) emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the ...

, evening out with this silence the humiliating situation that was put to Francis in the Treaty of Madrid.

Notes

References

*Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente. ''España en Italia. La Herencia Imperial de Carlos V en Italia: El Milanesado'' (1978) Madrid. *Hassall, Arthur. ''France Mediaeval and Modern a History'

(2009) BiblioBazaar. LLC. *Konstam, Angus. ''Pavia 1525: The Climax of the Italian Wars''. Oxford: Osprey Publishing (1996) *Taylor, Frederick Lewis. ''The Art of War in Italy (1494–1529)''. Greenwood Press (1973) *Guicciardini, Francesco. ''The History of Italy''. Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1984) *Blockmans, Wim. ''Emperor Charles V (1500–1558)''. Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford University Press (2002) {{DEFAULTSORT:Landriano, Battle of Conflicts in 1529 Battles of the Italian Wars Battles involving France Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire Battles involving Spain 1529 in Europe 1529 in Italy

Background

Battle

Aftermath

See also

Notes

References