Bapu (book)

''Bapu: Conversations and Correspondence with Mahatma Gandhi'' is an autobiographical description of F. Mary Barr's relationship and interactions with Mahatma Gandhi, whom she refers to as Bapu (father). Several of Gandhi's letters to the author, originally an English missionary in India, are included in full. The book was originally published in India in 1949. A revised edition was published in India in 1956.
The book has been reviewed in several magazines,
and discussed in other books.

Background

In her Prologue, Barr describes the book as an "offering to thousands of persons all over the world who look up to... Gandhi, but have not had the author's opportunity of seeing him at work over a period of years".''Bapu'', first edition (1949). She explains that her intent is "to show Gandhi, the human being, to those many Europeans who are frankly puzzled by his personality, and... to give a great deal of detail such as would satisfy those who love him" and wish to learn even more about him. For the latter group, Gandhi's letters are "given with his exact wording, punctuation and headings". When Gandhi was asked if he would mind her writing a book, he said "Yes, you may write your book. It will remove come cobwebs".

A note from the publisher stated that the manuscript of the book had been received before Gandhi was assassinated, and that "it was felt that much of the feeling of devotion and understanding would have been lost if the present tense was changed, and so we prefer to present the book as if about a Living Personage".

Synopsis

''Bapu'' opens with Barr explaining how she came to meet Mahatma Gandhi after having been in India for ten years in charge of a missionary boarding school in Hyderabad State. When she was in England on a furlough in 1931 she began to take an interest in Gandhi's writings and speeches. When returning to India, Barr had the good fortune of being a fellow passenger of Gandhi's on a ship from Italy to India, allowing her to become acquainted with Gandhi and observe the daily patterns of behavior of him and his small party of companions returning from the second Round Table Conference in London.

Later chapters describe Barr's correspondence and various meetings with Gandhi, how she was pressured by the British government and missionary authorities to end her association with Gandhi. her eventual resignation from her position at the mission, her visits to Gandhi at his ashram and in prison, how she spent time living at Gandhi's ashram, and how she eventually left the ashram in the service of Gandhi's movement. In an epilogue she states "The human personality depicted in the foregoing pages is no longer in the World as we knew him, but 'his soul goes marching on.' He brought religion into the service of the humdrum of daily life.... by sheer love and self-discipline he made mundane things beautiful: from pans to politics, he made them shine."

The book also contains a glossary of the meanings of about two dozen Indian words.
Both editions contain an introduction by K. G. Mashruwala. The second edition contains an additional chapter, a tribute to Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a comrade of Gandhi's, whose houseguest she was in 1941.

Reviews and influence

Reviews of ''Bapu'' have appeared in ''The Times of India'',
the '' Modern Review'', the ''Indian Review'' and '' The Aryan Path''

''The Times of India'' viewed the first edition as having "succeeded very well", stating that the book was

Two reviews appeared in the '' Modern Review''.
In 1950, Nirmal Kumar Bose wrote that the first edition

Bose speculated that "Perhaps a large part of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhiwas due to this."

In 1958, D. N. Mookerjea reviewed the second edition, stating that "A great life is a source of inspiration to all. People of different countries, castes and creeds find a common meeting-ground", and that Barr "gives us a true, unexaggerated, respectful account of this great
man".

Reviews of ''Bapu'' also appeared in the ''Indian Review''''Indian Review'', December 1949. (1949) and '' The Aryan Path'''' The Aryan Path'', October 1957, by E.P.T. (1957).

In his Gandhi bibliography, Pandiri describes ''Bapu'' as "filled with carefully observed and recorded details of Gandhi's daily life", stating that "Barr's narration is valuable since it is tender and yet free of sentimentalism".

Weber described ''Bapu'' as "touch ngon andhi'smotherly relationship with the author",
and devoted several pages to narrating Barr's life, drawing largely on ''Bapu''.

''Bapu'' includes a prayer, composed by Gandhi and first given to Barr, that has been displayed at Sabarmati Ashram.''Bapu'', 1st edition, pp. 88-89. Barr explains that "Miss Linforth... had asked me to get Gandhi to give her a message, so he enclosed in his letter to me this little prayer, which she framed and put up in her center, "Lord of humility, dwelling in the little pariah hut, help us to search for Thee throughout that fair land watered by Ganges, Brahmaputra and Jumna. Give us receptiveness, give us open-heartedness, give us Thy humility...." (p. 88) Suresh Chandvankar described seeing the prayer displayed in Gandhi's former cottage at the ashram when he visited in 2012.
The prayer has been translated into Gujarati and Hindi and set to music.Chandvankar (2012) explained that "the questions regarding the prayer were haunting me... Mr. Amrut Mody, Secretary of the Ashram... listened to my query.... Dated late 1934, this was a note added to the letter sent to F. Mary Barr... I also learnt that the Gujarati version was penned by Bhanvari Lal whereas Hindi translation was prepared by Uma Shankar Joshi.... visitors henceforth will hopefully listen to ‘The Prayer’ while they are reading at the Bapu Kuti andhi Cottagecorridor."

Barr's account of her visit with Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, which appears in the second edition of ''Bapu'', was cited in Eknath Easwaran's ''Nonviolent Soldier of Islam'', in which he calls the chapter "the most intimate glimpse of Badshah Khan yet produced by a westerner".

Editions

The original edition was published in 1949 by International Book House in Bombay, and the revised edition appeared in 1956 from the same publisher. The book republished several letters from Mahatma Gandhi in their entirety, and Gandhi is sometimes listed as a second author:

* (214 pages)
* (237 pages)

References

{{Mohandas K. Gandhi

1949 non-fiction books
1956 non-fiction books
Books about India
Indian biographies
Books about Mahatma Gandhi
20th-century Indian books