The Banjar or Banjarese (; ) is an
Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the
Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to
Banjar regions— in the
southeastern Kalimantan of
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
. The Banjarese language is the
lingua franca
A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups ...
for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as
Central Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million, while the 20 ...
(notably in
Seruyan Regency
Seruyan Regency ( id, Kabupaten Seruyan) is one of the thirteen regencies which comprise the Central Kalimantan Province on the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The town of Kuala Pembuang in Seruyan Hilir District is the capital of Ser ...
and
Sukamara Regency) and
East Kalimantan
East Kalimantan ( Indonesian: ) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the current boundary), 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3 ...
in general.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in
Brunei
Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by th ...
,
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...
(notably in
Sabah
Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory ...
and Perak), and
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...
); however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
Dialects
There are at least three divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
#Batangbanyu Banjarese
#Kuala Banjarese
#Pahuluan Banjarese
According to Cense,
[A.A.Cee - E.M. Uhienbeck, Critical Survey of Studies on the Language of Borneo, 'S-Gravenhage-Martinus Nijhoff. 1958, hal. 9.] the Pahuluan Banjarese are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the
South Hulu Sungai Regency and
North Hulu Sungai Regency regions.
Phonology
Consonants
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but occur at the onset of a syllable:
* is an allophone of at the end of a word.
* The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: . Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be
homorganic
In phonetics, a homorganic consonant (from ''homo-'' "same" and ''organ'' "(speech) organ") is a consonant sound that is articulated in the same place of articulation as another. For example, , and are homorganic consonants of one another sinc ...
, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as ''sing-'' can produce other sequences, e.g. . Other medial sequences include and .
Vowels
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:
[
is an allophone of .
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:]
Alphabet
The standard alphabet is as follows:
Sample text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The following texts are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt ...
in Banjarese language along with the original declaration in English.
Simple conversation
Here are examples of simple conversation in Banjarese language:
Expression
Here are examples of expressions in Banjarese language:
See also
* Banjar people
The Banjar or Banjarese ( bjn, Urang Banjar; ) are an indigenous ethnic group native to the Banjar regions (notably Banjarmasin, Banjarbaru, Banjar Regency, etc.) in the southeastern Kalimantan hemisphere of Indonesia. Nowadays, Banjarese ...
* Banjarese architecture
This article is about the architecture features of Banjar people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
There are several types of traditional houses of the Banjarese:
#Bubungan Tinggi
#Gajah Baliku
#Gajah Manyusu
#Balai Laki
#Balai Bini
#Palimbangan
#P ...
* Banjarmasin
)
, translit_lang1 = Other
, translit_lang1_type1 = Jawi
, translit_lang1_info1 = بنجر ماسين
, settlement_type = City
, motto = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ( Banjare ...
* South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Selatan) is a province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital was Banjarmasin until 15 February 2022 when it was legally moved to B ...
* Paradisec
References
Bibliography
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External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banjar Language
Agglutinative languages
Languages of Indonesia
Languages of Malaysia
South Kalimantan
Banjar people
Malayic languages