Bacău ( , , ; hu, Bákó; la, Bacovia) is the main city in

Bacău County Bacău County () is a county ( județ) of Romania, in Western Moldavia, with its capital city at Bacău. It has one commune, Ghimeș-Făget, in Transylvania. Geography This county has a total area of . In the western part of the county the ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

. At the 2016 national estimation it had a population of 196,883, making it the 12th largest city in Romania. The city is situated in the historical region of

Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centr ...

, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the Bistrița River (which meets the Siret River about to the south of Bacău). The Ghimeș Pass links Bacău to the region of

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the A ...

Etymology

The town's name, which features in Old Church Slavonic documents as ''Bako'', ''Bakova'' or ''Bakovia'', comes most probably from a personal name. Men bearing the name Bakó or Bako are documented in medieval

Rădvan 2010, p. 456. and in 15th-century Bulgaria, but according to Victor Spinei the name itself is of Turkicmost probably of

Cuman The Cumans (or Kumans), also known as Polovtsians or Polovtsy (plural only, from the Russian exonym ), were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation. After the Mongol invasion (1237), many sough ...

or Pechenegorigin. Nicolae Iorga believes that the city's name is of Hungarian origin (as Adjud and Sascut). Another theory suggests that the town's name has a Slavic origin, pointing to the Proto-Slavic word ''byk'', meaning "ox" or "bull", the region being very suitable for raising cattle; the term, rendered into Romanian alphabet as ''bâc'', was probably the origin of ''Bâcău''. Gh. Ghibănescu - Ispisoace și Zapise. vol.VI, partea a II-a, Tipografia „Dacia” Iliescu, Grossu & Comp., Iași, 1926, pag.177 In German it is known as ''Bakau'', in Hungarian as ''Bákó'' and in Turkish as ''Baka''.

History

Similarly to most urban centers in Moldavia, Bacău emerged on a ford that allowed water passage. There is archaeological evidence of human settlement in the centre of Bacău (near Curtea Domnească) dating from the 6th and the 7th centuries; these settlements were placed over older settlements from the 4th and the 5th centuries. A number of vessels found here are ornamented with crosses, hinting that the inhabitants were Christians. Pechenegs and Cumans controlled the Bistrița valley during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries.

Colonist A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. A settler who migrates to an area previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited may be described as a pioneer. Settle ...

s played a significant role in the development of the town. Archaeological finds, some surface or semi-buried dwellings from the second half of the 15th century, suggest that

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the ...

started to settle in the region after 1345–1347 when the territory was under the control of the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, c ...

. They mainly occupied the flat banks of the river Bistrița. Discoveries of a type of 14th-century grey ceramic that has also been found in Northern Europe also suggests the presence of

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

colonists from the north. Originally the town focused around the

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

community that settled near a regular local market frequented by the population of the region on the lower reaches of the river. The town was first mentioned in 1408 when Prince

Alexander the Good Alexander the Good ( ro, Alexandru cel Bun or ''Alexandru I Mușat''; c. 1375 – 1 January 1432) was a Voivode (Lord) of Moldavia, reigning between 1400 and 1432, son of Roman I Mușat. He succeeded Iuga to the throne, and, as a ruler, ini ...

of Moldavia (1400–1432) listed the customs points in the principality in his privilege for Polish merchants. The customs house in the town is mentioned in Old Church Slavonic as ''krainee mîto'' ("the customs house by the edge") in the document which may indicate that it was the last customs stop before Moldavia's border with Wallachia. An undated document reveals that the ''şoltuz'' in Bacău, that is the head of the town elected by its inhabitants, had the right to sentence felons to death, at least for robberies, which hints to an extended privilege, similar to the ones that royal towns in the Kingdom of Hungary enjoyed. Thus this right may have been granted to the community when the territory was under the control of the Kingdom of Hungary. The seal of Bacău was oval which is exceptional in Moldavia where the seals of other towns were round. Alexander the Good donated the wax collected as part of the tax payable by the town to the nearby Eastern Orthodox Bistrița Monastery. It was most probably his first wife named Margaret who founded the

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

Church of the Holy Virgin in Bacău. But the main Catholic church in the town was dedicated to Saint Nicholas. A letter written by John of Rya, the Catholic bishop of Baia refers to Bacău as a ''civitas'' which implies the existence of a Catholic bishopric in the town at that time.Rădvan 2010, p. 455. The letter also reveals that Hussite immigrants who had undergone persecutions in Bohemia,

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The ...

, or Hungary were settled in the town and granted privileges by Alexander the Good. The monastery of Bistrița was also granted the income from the customs house of Bacău in 1439. In 1435 Stephen II of Moldavia (1433–1435, 1436–1447) requested the town's judges not to hinder the merchants of Brașov, an important center of the Transylvanian Saxons in their movement. From the 15th century ''ungureni'', that is

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Romania ...

from Transylvania began to populate the area north of the marketplace where they would erect an Orthodox church after 1500. A small residence of the princes of Moldova was built in the town in the first half of the 15th century.Rădvan 2010, p. 454. It was rebuilt and extended under Stephen III the Great of Moldavia (1457–1504) who also erected an Orthodox church within it. But the rulers soon began to donate the neighboring villages that had thereto supplied their local household to monasteries or noblemen. Thus the local princely residence was abandoned after 1500.Rădvan 2010, p. 457. The town was invaded and destroyed more than one time in the 15th and 16th centuries. For example, in 1467 King

Matthias I of Hungary Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several m ...

during his expedition against Stephen the Great set fire to all towns, among them Bacău in his path. The customs records of Brașov shows that few merchants from Bacău crossed the Carpathian Mountains into Transylvania after 1500, and their merchandise had no particularly high value which suggests that the town was declining in this period. The Catholic bishop of Argeș whose see in Wallachia had been destroyed by the

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...

moved to Bacău in 1597. From the early 17th century the bishops of Bacău were Polish priests who did not reside in the town, but in the Kingdom of Poland.Benda 2002, p. 36. They only travelled time to time to their see in order to collect the tithes. According to Archbishop Marco Bandini's report of the

canonical visitation In the Catholic Church, a canonical visitation is the act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places with a view to maintaining faith and discipline and of correcting abuses. A person delegated to car ...

of 1646, the ''şoltuz'' in Bacău was elected among Hungarians one year, and another, among Romanians. The names of most of 12 inhabitants of the town recorded in 1655 also indicate that Hungarians still formed their majority group. In 1670 Archbishop Petrus Parcevic, the apostolic vicar of Moldavia concluded an agreement with the head of the Franciscan Province of Transylvania on the return of the Bacău monastery to them in order to ensure the spiritual welfare of the local Hungarian community.Benda 2002, p. 17. But the Polish bishop protested against the agreement and the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...

also refused to ratify it. Due to the frequent invasions by foreign armies and plundering by the Tatars in the 17th century, many of its Catholic inhabitants abandoned Bacău and took refuge in Transylvania. But in 1851 the Catholic congregation in the town still spoke, sang, and prayed in Hungarian. The first paper mill in Moldavia was established in the town in 1851.Treptow, Popa 1996, p. 32. The town was declared a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

in 1968.

Politics

The local authority in the city is split between the Mayor and the Local Council. Between 1950 and 1968 the city was governed by the Sfatul popular (People's Council). It replaced the local Provisional Committee ( ro, Comitetul Provizori), which functioned from 1948 to 1950, based on the Law of the People's Councils, no. 17/1949.

Demographics

As of 2011 census data, Bacău has a population of 144,307, a decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census. The ethnic makeup was as follows: *

: 97.93% *

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council * Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

: 0.92% *

: 0.09% *

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

: 0.03% * Other: 0.34% The Bacău metropolitan area, a project for the creation of an administrative unit to integrate Bacău with the nearby communes, would have a population of some 190,000.

Transportation

The city is about North of

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north o ...

. It is served by George Enescu International Airport, located at , which provides direct links with the Romanian capital,

, and with several cities in Europe. Bacău air traffic control centre is one of Europe's busiest, as it handles transiting flights between the Middle and Near East and South Asia to Europe and across the Atlantic. Complexul muzeal Iulian Antonescu Bacau

The Bacău railway station (''Gara Bacău'') is one of the busiest in Romania; it has access to the Romanian railway main trunk number 500. Thus the city is connected to the main Romanian cities; the railway station is an important transit stop for international trains from

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

, and

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...

. The city has access to the DN2 road ( E85) that links it to the Romanian capital, Bucharest (to the South) and the cities of Suceava and Iași (to the North). The European route E574 is an important access road to Transylvania and the city of Brașov. The city is also located at the intersection of several national roads of secondary importance, and will be served in the future by the A7 motorway running from the border with

at Siret to

Ploiești Ploiești ( , , ), formerly spelled Ploești, is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania. Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located north of Bucharest. The area of Ploiești is around , and it borders the Blejoi commun ...

(junction with A3). As of 2020, this motorway intersects with the Bacău bypass (''Centura Bacău'').

Culture

Bacău has a public university and several colleges. Two major Romanian poets, George Bacovia and Vasile Alecsandri were born here. The "

Mihail Jora Mihail Jora (; 2 August 1891, Roman, Romania - 10 May 1971, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian composer, pianist, and conductor. Jora studied in Leipzig with Robert Teichmüller. From 1929 to 1962 he was a professor at the Bucharest Conservato ...

" Athenaeum and a Philharmonic Orchestra are located here, as well as the "G. Bacovia" Dramatic Theater and a Puppet Theater. Around Christmas every year, a Festival of Moldavian Winter Traditions takes place, reuniting folk artists from all the surrounding regions. The exhibition " Saloanele Moldovei" and the International Painting Camp at Tescani, near Bacău, reunite important plastic artists from Romania and from abroad. The local History Museum, part of the Museum Complex " Iulian Antonescu" has an important collection of antique objects from ancient

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It ...

. The city also has an astronomical observatory, The Victor Anestin Astronomical Observatory.

Jewish community

The 1772-1774 Census registered 5 Jewish families, the 1820 Census registered 108 families. The 1852 Census registered 504 Jewish inhabitants. The 1930 Census registered 9424 Jewish inhabitants. The first mentions about Jewish inhabitants are from the beginning of the 18th century. The Register of Chevra Kadisha begins with the year 1774. The first leader of the Community is mentioned in 1794. The community was officially recognized in 1857. Before

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, the number of Jews was almost equal to that of Romanians in Bacău. According to the 1930 census, after some of the village population was in town, Bacău had 19,421 who have declared are Romanian, 9,424 declared Jews, 822 Hungarians and 406 German. The first synagogue would be built in Bacău in 1820. In 1841 Jews who observe the

Chabad Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch (), is an Orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world's best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic group ...

Hasidic movement built another Sinagoga. In 1864 there were 14 functioning synagogues in Bacău. Among the most notable being Synagogue Burah Volf, Furriers Synagogue, Synagogue Alter Ionas and tanners. "In 1880, in Bacău we had 21 synagogues and prayer houses. In 1916 we were active following synagogues Froim Aizic, Alter Leib, Itzik Leib Brill, Lipscani, the Tailors Young, coachmen, Shoemakers Synagogue, Cerealista, masonry, Rabbi Israel Synagogue, "Brotherhood of Zion" Snap Synagogue Saima Cofler itself and Der Mariesches SIL. After World War I, some synagogues were closed and others were razed. Some carried the names of rabbis deceased or people in life who had influence on the community: synagogue Wisman, synagogue Gaon Bețael Safran, synagogue Rabbi Blane, synagogue David Herșcovici, synagogue Filderman, the synagogue rabbi Wahramn, and synagogue Rabbi Lan. In December 2015, the new headquarters of the Jewish community was opened at 2 Erou Costel Marius Hasan St.FOTO Evreii din Bacău şi-au inaugurat noul sediu, în prezenţa Marelui Rabin Rafael Shaffer şi a deputatului Aurel Vainer, preşedintele FCER
/ref>

International relations

Twin towns/Sister cities

Bacău is twinned with: * Petah Tikva,

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. *

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

, Italy * Mandaue, Philippines * Caxias do Sul, Brazil ''(since 2017, after relationships between its citizens have developed exponentially'')

Sports

Athletics Athletics may refer to: Sports * Sport of athletics, a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking ** Track and field, a sub-category of the above sport * Athletics (physical culture), competi ...

* SCM Bacău * CS Știința Bacău * CSȘ Bacău

Badminton Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players p ...

* CS Știința Bacău * CSȘ Bacău

Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...

* CSȘ Bacău

Boxing Boxing (also known as "Western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermined ...

* SCM Bacău

Bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually someth ...

* Bridge Club Bacău Football *

FCM Bacău Asociația Sportivă a Suporterilor FCM 1950 Bacău, commonly known as ASS FCM 1950 Bacău, FCM 1950 Bacău or simply as FCM Bacău, is a Romanian football club based in Bacău, Bacău County. Founded in 1950 as ''Dinamo Bacău'', the club fro ...

* CS Aerostar Bacău * CS FC Pambac Bacău * FC Willy Bacău * AS Clipa VIO Bacău * Siretul Bacău * LPS Bacău

Gymnastics Gymnastics is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, dedication and endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, s ...

* SCM Bacău * CS Știința Bacău

Team Handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the ...

C.S. Știința Municipal Dedeman Bacău CS, C-S, C.S., Cs, cs, or cs. may refer to: Job titles * Chief Secretary (Hong Kong) * Chief superintendent, a rank in the British and several other police forces * Company secretary, a senior position in a private sector company or public se ...

* CS Știința Bacău * CSȘ Bacău

Judo is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyclopedia Nipponica, "Judo") ...

* SCM Bacău * Judo Club Royal Bacău Karate * SCM Bacău * CS Știința Bacău * CS Seishin Karate-Do Bacău * Siretul Bacău * Sfinx Club Karate-Do Bacau Fights * SCM Bacău Modelism * SCM Bacău * CS Aerostar Bacău Swimming * SCM Bacău (înot, sărituri în apă) * LPS Bacău (înot)

Tennis Tennis is a racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball cov ...

* SCM Bacău * ASTC Bistrița Bacău * CSȘ Bacău

People

* Aaron Aaronsohn, agronomist, botanist and Zionist activist * Vasile Alecsandri, poet * Angela Alupei, rower * George Apostu, sculptor * Constantin Avram, academician *

Radu Beligan Radu Beligan (; 14 December 1918 – 20 July 2016) was a Romanian actor, director, and essayist, with an activity of over 70 years in theatre, film, television, and radio. On 15 December 2013, confirmed by Guinness World Records, the actor receiv ...

, actor, poet, essayist * George Bacovia, poet * Dimitrie Berea, painter * Julius Borcea, mathematician *

Constantin Cândea Constantin Cândea (; December 15, 1887 – March 4, 1971) was a Romanian chemist, Professor of Chemistry, Ph.D. Engineer and later Rector at the Polytechnic University of Timișoara – formerly the Polytechnic School of Timișoara between 1 ...

, chemist * Vlad Chiricheș, footballer * Radu Cosaşu, writer and activist * Sile Dinicu, composer and conductor * Ion Drăgoi, violinist * Nicu Enea, painter *

Gabriela Firea Gabriela Firea (born Gabriela Vrânceanu, 13 July 1972) is a Romanian journalist and politician who served as mayor of Bucharest, the capital of Romania, between 2016 and 2020. At the June 2016 local election, Firea was elected the first femal ...

, journalist and politician, mayor of Bucharest * Mariana Zavati Gardner, poet * Paul Grigoriu, journalist * Nicolae Gropeanu, painter * Iulius Iancu, Jewish poet and writer * David Korner, communist militant, syndicalist and Romanian-French journalist of Jewish ethnicity *

Radu Lecca Radu D. Lecca (February 15, 1890–1980) was a Romanian spy, journalist, civil servant and convicted war criminal. A World War I veteran who served a prison term for espionage in France during the early 1930s, he was a noted supporter of ant ...

, double spy, journalist, fascist, antisemite, declared a war criminal by the communists * Narcisa Lecuşanu, handball player * Solomon Marcus, mathematician * Agnès Matoko, model * Dumitru Mazilu, politician *

Doina Melinte Doina Ofelia Melinte (; née Beșliu on 27 December 1956) is a retired Romanian middle-distance runner. She competed at four Olympics (1980–92), and won a gold medal in the 800 metres and a silver medal in the 1500 metres in 1984. She won the ...

, athlete, Olympic gold medalist *

Mihaela Melinte Mihaela Melinte (born 27 March 1975 in Bacău) is a Romanian hammer thrower. She holds the world junior record, and with 76.07 metres she held the world record until Tatyana Lysenko beat it in July 2005. The twelve-time Romanian national champio ...

, athlete * Marius Mircu, journalist and memoirist * Cornel Palade, humorist and TV host * Costel Pantilimon, footballer * Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Marxist intellectual and politician * Vasile Pârvan, istoric, archaeologist, and academician * Gabriela Potorac, gymnast * Andrei Pricope, cellist * Gheorghe Rădoi, communist politician, was married to Vasilica (Lica) Gheorghiu, daughter of

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (; 8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian communist politician and electrician. He was the first Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965, serving as first secretary of the Romanian Communist Part ...

* Monica Roșu, gymnast * Mirela Rusu, double world champion in aerobic gymnastics * Alexandru Șafran, Rabbi and senator * Olga Tudorache, theater and film actress, university professor *

Anamaria Vartolomei Anamaria Vartolomei (born 9 April 1999) is a French-Romanian actress. She began her career as a child actress in the film '' My Little Princess'' (2011). She won the Lumières Award for Best Actress and the César Award for Most Promising Actres ...

, actress * Nicolae Vermont, painter

Gallery

File:Bâcau, Romania. Monumentul Mircea Cancicov, March 2001.jpg, Mircea Cancicov memorial File:Winter festival in Bacău, Romania.jpg, Winter Festival File:DetaliuPrecista.jpg, "Precista", detail File:9th_of_May_street,_Bacău.jpg, " 9th of May" Street

References

Notes

* Benda, Kálmán (2002). The Hungarians of Moldavia (Csángós) in the 16th–17th Centuries. ''In:'' Diószegi, László (2002); ''Hungarian Csángós in Moldavia: Essays on the Past and Present of the Hungarian Csángós in Moldavia''; Teleki László Foundation - Pro Minoritate Foundation; . * Dobre, Claudia Florentina (2009). ''Mendicants in Moldavia: Mission in an Orthodox Land''. AUREL Verlag. . * Mărtinaş, Dumitru (1999). ''The Origins of the Changos''. The Center for Romanian Studies. . * Pozsony, Ferenc (2002). ''Church Life in Moldavian Hungarian Communities''. ''In:'' Diószegi, László (2002); ''Hungarian Csángós in Moldavia: Essays on the Past and Present of the Hungarian Csángós in Moldavia''; Teleki László Foundation - Pro Minoritate Foundation; . * Rădvan, Laurenţiu (2010). ''At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities''. BRILL. . * Spinei, Victor (2009). ''The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century''. Koninklijke Brill NV. . * Treptow, Kurt W.; Popa, Marcel (1996). ''Historical Dictionary of Romania''. The Scarecrow Press. .

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacau Cities in Romania Capitals of Romanian counties Localities in Western Moldavia Populated places in Bacău County