Asteroideae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

of the

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae excl ...

family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae ...

. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

, including

Astereae Astereae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae that includes annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, and trees. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the world. Plants within the tribe are present nearly worldwide di ...

Calenduleae Calenduleae is a flowering plant tribe of the family Asteraceae. Calenduleae has been widely recognized since Alexandre de Cassini in the early 19th century. There are eight genera and over 110 species, mostly found in South Africa. It is a r ...

, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae,

Heliantheae The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is de ...

Senecioneae Senecioneae is the largest tribe of the Asteraceae, or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species. Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in the genus ''Senecio''. Its members exhibit probably the w ...

and

Tageteae Tageteae is a tribe of the plant family Asteraceae. It consists of approximately 260 species divided among 32 genera. All are found in the New World, with a center of diversity in the Mexican highlands. The type genus is ''Tagetes'' (marigolds). ...

. Asteroideae contains plants found all over the world, many of which are shrubby. There are about 1,135 genera and 17,200 species within this subfamily; the largest genera by number of species are '' Helichrysum'' (500–600) and '' Artemisia'' (550). Asteroideae is said to date back to approximately 46–36.5 million years ago.

Common characteristics

This family will often have radiate style heads but some could have discoid or disciform. They contain ray florets that are three lobed and are also considered perfect flower implying that it is bisexual. Many contain stigmatic surfaces that are separated by two marginal bands and terminal sterile appendages with sweeping hairs.

Taxonomy

This subfamily is composed of 21 tribes that are broken into 3 supertribes: Senecionodae, Asterodae, and Helianthodae. Senecioneae contains about 120 genera and more than 3,200 species that are found in more temperate areas. Asterodae contains many economically important plants such as the chrysanthemums, common daisy, and the asters. The third super tribe is the Helianthodae, which is the largest of the three, containing 16 of the 21 tribes. Since 2004, the 21 tribes have been grouped into three supertribes:Asteraceae
''Tree of Life Web Project'' * Senecionodae **

(''

Doronicum ''Doronicum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, known as leopard's bane. They are all herbaceous perennials native to Europe, southwest Asia and Siberia. They produce yellow, daisy-like flowerheads in spring and summer. ...

'' is sometimes placed in a separate tribe Doroniceae) * Asterodae **

Anthemideae Anthemideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family, Asteraceae, and the subfamily Asteroideae. They are distributed worldwide with concentrations in central Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and southern Africa.Oberprieler, C., et al. (200 ...

(including

chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums (), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'' in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the cent ...

s) **

(including asters and the common daisy) **

(including

calendula ''Calendula'' () is a genus of about 15–20 species''Calendula''.
Flora of China.

s) ** Gnaphalieae * Helianthodae ** Athroismeae **

Bahieae Bahieae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to North America and Mexico. It was described by Baldwin et al. in 2002. Taxonomy Bahieae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022: *''Achyropappus' ...

Chaenactideae Chaenactideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae of the family Asteraceae. Chaenactideae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022: *''Chaenactis ''Chaenactis'' is a genus of plants in the da ...

Coreopsideae Coreopsideae is a tribe of flowering plants belonging to the Asteroideae subfamily. It includes widely cultivated genera such as ''Cosmos'' and '' Dahlia''. A similar group has been recognized since 1829, generally as part of the tribe Heliant ...

(including

cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...

and

dahlia Dahlia (, ) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. A member of the Asteraceae (former name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its garden relatives thus include the sunflower, ...

s) ** Eupatorieae ** Feddeeae **

Helenieae Helenieae is a tribe of the plant family Asteraceae. The type genus is ''Helenium'', but the best known members of the tribe are the ''Gaillardia''. Helenieae are usually placed in their own tribe, but some authors include this and several other ...

(including

gaillardia ''Gaillardia'' (common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusia ...

s) **

(including

sunflower The common sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'') is a large annual forb of the genus ''Helianthus'' grown as a crop for its edible oily seeds. Apart from cooking oil production, it is also used as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), ...

s and

zinnia ''Zinnia'' is a genus of plants of the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. They are native to scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the Southwestern United States to South America, with a centre of diversity in Mexi ...

s) **

Inuleae Inuleae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae. Genera Inuleae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022: *'' Adelostigma'' *'' Allagopappus'' *'' Allopterigeron'' *'' Amblyocarpum'' *'' Antip ...

(including Plucheeae) ** Madieae **

Millerieae Millerieae is a tribe of flowering plants belonging to the Asteroideae subfamily. Of all the genera, only '' Galinsoga'', ''Guizotia'', and ''Sigesbeckia'' have species native to the Old World. Subtribes and genera Millerieae subtribes and ge ...

** Neurolaeneae ** Perityleae ** Polymnieae **

(including marigolds)

Uses

The subfamily Asteroideae has many genera within the tribes that have economic uses. ''Helianthus tuberosus'' (

Jerusalem artichoke The Jerusalem artichoke (''Helianthus tuberosus''), also called sunroot, sunchoke, wild sunflower, topinambur, or earth apple, is a species of sunflower native to central North America. It is cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its ...

), ''

Helianthus annuus The common sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'') is a large annual forb of the genus ''Helianthus'' grown as a crop for its edible oily seeds. Apart from cooking oil production, it is also used as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), a ...

'' (sunflower) and '' Guizotia abyssinica'' (niger seed) are all used as oil seed crops. ''Artemisia dracunculus'' (

tarragon Tarragon (''Artemisia dracunculus''), also known as estragon, is a species of perennial herb in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread in the wild across much of Eurasia and North America and is cultivated for culinary and medicinal purposes. ...

) is used as a culinary herb and '' Parthenium argentatum'' (guayule) is a rubber source. Some of the other genera are used as ornamentals; those are ''Dendranthema'' spp. (

), ''

Callistephus ''Callistephus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species ''Callistephus chinensis''. Its common names include China aster and annual aster.Gilman, E. F. and T. Howe''Callistephus c ...

'', ''

Cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...

'', ''

Tagetes ''Tagetes'' () is a genusSoule, J. A. 1996. Infrageneric Systematics of Tagetes. Pgs. 435-443 in Compositae: Systematics, Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew 1994, Vol. I, Eds. D.J.N. Hind & H.J. Beentje. of annual or ...

'' (marigold), and many others.

References

External links

* * * Asterales subfamilies {{asteroideae-stub