Ashide (;

Middle Chinese Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the '' Qieyun'', a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions. The ...

: *''ʔɑ-ʃɨ^Xtək̚'';

Old Tibetan Old Tibetan refers to the period of Tibetan language reflected in documents from the adoption of writing by the Tibetan Empire in the mid-7th century to works of the early 11th century. In 816 CE, during the reign of Sadnalegs, literary Tibetan ...

: ''A sha sde’'') is one of the dominant clans of

Turkic Khaganate The Göktürks founded two major khanates known as the Turkic Khaganate: * First Turkic Khaganate, which then fractured into ** Western Turkic Khaganate ** Eastern Turkic Khaganate * Second Turkic Khaganate See also * Turkic khanate * List of Turk ...

. This clan is also the conjugal clan of the Göktürk khagans'

Ashina clan Ashina may refer to: *Ashina tribe, a ruling dynasty of the Turkic Khaganate *Ashina clan (Japan), one of the Japanese clans *Ashina District, Hiroshima, a former Japanese district *Empress Ashina (551–582), empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty ...

The origin

According to Zheng Qiao's 1161 Comprehensive Records (vol. 29), Ashide descended from an ancient ''Shǐshàn kèhán'' 始善可汗 (lit. "First Good Khagan"), whose identity remains unknown.

Yury Zuev Yuri Alexeyevich Zuev or Zuyev (russian: Юрий Алексеевич Зуев; 8 December 1932 – 5 December 2006) was a Russian-born Kazakh sinologist and turkologist. Biography Zuev was born in the Siberian city of Tümen in a whit ...

reconstructed

Old Turkic Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic language, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of the Turkic languages, found in Göktürk and Uyghur Khaganate inscriptions dating from about the eighth to the 13th century. It is the old ...

*''Ashtak'', further from

Middle Persian Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg () in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle ...

''Azdahāg'', from Avestan: '' Aži Dahāka'' "Serpent, Dragon" Earlier, H. W. Bailey noticed similarity with Iranian *''xšaita'' ‘ruler’, cf. Sogd. '' xšēδ'', '' axšēδ'' ‘ruler’. The Ashide's status as the Ashina's conjugal clan is reflected by Youyang Zazu, which relates a myth that the Ashina's ancestor Shemo fell in love with the sea-goddess west of the Ashide cave.

Notable Ashide representatives

The baga-tarkhan (military leader) of four Göktürk khagans

Tonyukuk Tonyukuk ( otk, 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀:𐱃𐰆𐰪𐰸𐰸, Bilgä Tuňuquq, lit=Tunyuquq the Wise, zh, , c=暾欲谷, p=Tunyugu, , born c. 646, died c. 726) was the baga-tarkhan (supreme commander) and adviser of four successive Göktürk khaga ...

and the mother of Chinese warlord

An Lushan An Lushan (; 20th day of the 1st month 19 February 703 – 29 January 757) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin,Yang, Zhijiu, "An Lush ...

were both of Ashide origin.

Tamga Ashide

Ashide and Ashina

Historian S.G.Klyashtorny said that originally Ashina and Ashide together were dual system, so well known among the Turkic and Mongolian peoples. Chiefs Ashide bore the title Irkin (

Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally writte ...

: ''Sijin''; Hanzi: 俟斤) common to tribal leaders in the Turkic Khaganate. However, their particular position is determined by kinship with the dynasty; no coincidence that one of Irkin Ashide tegin held the title - 'the prince of the royal family, prince'. Ashide clan did not have a single source, so in the '' Tang Shu'' mentioned Da Ashide and Bayan Ashide; their tamgas differ from tamgas of Ashide. To the end of the 7th-8th centuries, probably be more correct to speak about Ashide as one of the tribes of the khaganate, which together with Ashina was the main military and political support of Turkic dynasty. Ashide leaders initiated the liberation revolt of the Turkuts (679-682) against

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdom ...

Genetics (Data of Y-DNA)

In 2015-2016 yy. in Fudan University (Shanghai), headed by ethnogenomist Shao-Qing Wen (文少卿) in China, ran tests to determine the Y-DNA haplogroup the representatives from aristocratic Turkic clan Ashide. They found a subclade of the Ashide clan had the haplogroup Q1a-L53.Wen S.-Q., Muratov B.A., Suyunov R.R. The haplogroups of the representatives from ancient Turkic clans - Ashina and Ashide//BEHPS, , Volume 3, №2[1,2
/nowiki>, March 2016, P.154-157.]

References

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Bibliography

# Азат Абдысадыр уулу: Первые из тюрков. Тюркютские роды "Ашина" и "Ашидэ" # Кляшторный.Г. Древнетюркская надпись на каменном изваянии из Чойрэна//СНВ. Вып. XXII. М.: 1980. С. 90-102. Ashide