Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family
that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in South America, both of which are now extinct. They are at best only distantly related. Kaufman (1990) found a connection convincing, but Migliazza & Campbell (1988) maintained that there is no evidence for linking them. The two languages are,
*
Arutani (also known as Aoaqui, Auake, Auaque, Awake, Oewaku, Orotani, Uruak, Urutani)
*
Sape (also known as Caliana, Chirichano, Kaliana, Kariana)
Kaufman (1990) states that a further connection with
Máku (Maku of Roraima/Auari) is "promising". (See
Macro-Puinavean languages.)
Vocabulary
Migliazza (1978)
Migliazza (1978) gives the following
Swadesh list
The Swadesh list ("Swadesh" is pronounced ) is a classic compilation of tentatively universal concepts for the purposes of lexicostatistics. Translations of the Swadesh list into a set of languages allow researchers to quantify the interrelatednes ...
table for
Uruak,
Sape, and
Máku ("Maku"):
[Migliazza, Ernesto C. 1978. Maku, Sape and Uruak Languages: Current Status and Basic Lexicon. ''Anthropological Linguistics'' 20: 133-140.]
:
See also
*
Macro-Puinavean languages
Notes
References
*Hammarström, Harald. 2010. 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In ''Language Documentation & Conservation'', v 4, p 18
Further reading
*Armellada, Cesareo de & Baltasar de Matallana. 1942. Exploración del Paragua. ''Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales'' 8, 61-110.
*Coppens, Walter. 2008
983
Year 983 ( CMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Diet of Verona: Emperor Otto II (the Red) declares war against the Byza ...
Los Uruak (Arutani). In Miguel Ángel Perera (ed.) ''Los aborígenes de Venezuela'', 2nd edition, Volume 2, 705-737. Caracas: Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales/Instituto Caribe de Antropología y Sociología.
*Rosés Labrada, Jorge Emilio, Thiago Chacon & Francia Medina. 2020
Arutani (Venezuela and Brazil) – Language Snapshot In Peter K. Austin (ed.) ''Language Documentation and Description'' 17, 170-177. London: EL Publishing.
*Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada & Francia Medina (2019)
Sapé (Venezuela) — Language Snapshot In Peter K. Austin (ed.) ''Language Documentation and Description'', vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 169-175.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arutani-Sape languages
Indigenous languages of Northern Amazonia
Languages of Brazil
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
Proposed language families
Macro-Puinavean languages