Arthur Bernède (5 January 1871 – 20 March 1937) was a French writer, poet, opera

librettist A libretto (Italian for "booklet") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term ''libretto'' is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major litu ...

, and

playwright A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...

. Bernède was born in

Redon Redon (; ) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Geography Redon borders the Morbihan and Loire-Atlantique departments. It is situated at the junction of t ...

, Ille-et-Vilaine department, in

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

. In 1919, Bernède joined forces with actor René Navarre, who had played '' Fantômas'' in the

Louis Feuillade Louis Feuillade (; 19 February 1873 – 25 February 1925) was a French filmmaker of the silent era. Between 1906 and 1924, he directed over 630 films. He is primarily known for the crime serials '' Fantômas'', '' Les Vampires'' and '' Judex ...

serials, and writer

Gaston Leroux Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (6 May 186815 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction. In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel '' The Phantom of the Opera'' (french: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, ...

, the creator of

Rouletabille Joseph Rouletabille () is a fictional character created by Gaston Leroux, a French writer and journalist. Rouletabille is a journalist and amateur sleuth featured in several novels and other works, often presented as a more capable thinker than t ...

, to launch the

Société des Cinéromans The Société des Cinéromans was a French film production company of the silent movie era. History In 1919, Gaston Leroux founded the Société des Cinéromans in Nice with René Navarre and Arthur Bernède to publish novels and turn them into ...

, a production company that would produce films and novels simultaneously. Bernède published almost 200 adventure, mystery, and historical novels. His best-known characters are '' Belphégor'', '' Judex'', '' Mandrin'', ''Chantecoq'', and '' Vidocq''. Bernède also collaborated on plays, poems, and opera libretti with

Paul de Choudens Paul (de) Choudens, also known under the pseudonym Paul Bérel (5 June 1850 – 7 October 1925), was a French musician, music publisher, poet and librettist. Biography Choudens was born in Paris. In 1888, with his brother Antony, he took over t ...

; including several operas by Félix Fourdrain. Bernède also wrote the libretti for a number of operas, among them

Jules Massenet Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty. The two most frequently staged are '' Manon'' (1884) and '' Werther ...

's '' Sapho'' and

Camille Erlanger Camille Erlanger (25 May 186324 April 1919) was a French opera composer. He studied at the Paris Conservatory under Léo Delibes (composition), Georges Mathias (piano), as well as Émile Durand and Antoine Taubon (harmony).Jacobshagen, Arnold: " ...

's ''L'Aube rouge''.

Works

;Opéras, opéras bouffe and vocal pieces * ''Phryné'', opera by

Camille Saint-Saëns Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (; 9 October 183516 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic music, Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Piano C ...

* ''Marie Fouré'', opera by André Fijan (1897), created in Péronne * '' Sapho'', opera by

(1897), libretto in collaboration with

Henri Cain Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the ' List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.'' * Henri I de Mon ...

, with the singer

Emma Calvé Emma Calvé, born Rosa Emma Calvet (15 August 1858 – 6 January 1942) was a French operatic soprano. Calvé was probably the most famous French female opera singer of the Belle Époque. Hers was an international career, and she sang regularly ...

in the title role * ''Ninon de Lenclos'', opera by Edmonde Missa (1895), libretto in collaboration with A. Leneka, created at the

Opéra-Comique The Opéra-Comique is a Paris opera company which was founded around 1714 by some of the popular theatres of the Parisian fairs. In 1762 the company was merged with – and for a time took the name of – its chief rival, the Comédie-Italienne ...

* ''Les Petites Vestales'', opéra bouffe by Justin Clérice (1900) * ''La Légende du Point d'Argentan'', pièce lyrique, by Félix Fourdrain (1907) * ''La Glaneuse'', poème lyrique by Félix Fourdrain (1908), libretto in collaboration with

* ''L'Aube rouge'', drame lyrique de

(1911), libretto in collaboration with Paul de Choudens, created at the Théâtre des Arts de

Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine in northern France. It is the prefecture of the region of Normandy and the department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population ...

* ''Vercingétorix'', opera by Félix Fourdrain (1912), libretto in collaboration with Paul de Choudens * ''Madame Roland'', opera by Félix Fourdrain (1913), libretto in collaboration with Paul de Choudens * ''Les Contes de Perrault'', féerie lyrique by Félix Fourdrain (1914), libretto in collaboration with Paul de Choudens, with

Yvonne Printemps Yvonne Printemps (; born Yvonne Wigniolle; 25 July 1894 – 19 January 1977) was a French singer and actress who achieved stardom on stage and screen in France and internationally. Printemps went on the stage in Paris at the age of 12, and ...

in the title role. ;Theatre plays and monologues * ''Le Lycéen'' (1891), played at the Théâtre Classique * ''Le Petit Alsacien'' * ''Revanche!'' * ''Le Bijou de Stéphana'' (1892), comédie en vaudeville given at the

Théâtre de Cluny The théâtre de Cluny or théâtre Cluny was an entertainment venue located at 71 boulevard Saint-Germain in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, inaugurated in 1864 and closed in 1989. Productions (selection) * 1869 : ''Le Juif Polonais'', opera ...

* ''L'Amour à crédit'' * ''La Duchesse de Berry'' (1900) * ''Les Idées de Monsieur Coton'' (1901), played at the

Théâtre de la Renaissance The name Théâtre de la Renaissance has been used successively for three distinct Parisian theatre companies. The first two companies, which were short-lived enterprises in the 19th century, used the Salle Ventadour, now an office building on t ...

* ''La Pipe'' (1901), performed at the

* ''La Lune de Miel'' (1902), in collaboration with Daniel Riche * ''Les Tonsurés'' (1905), anticlerical play * ''La Soutane'' (1905), anticlerical play * ''Sous l'Épaulette'' (1906), play advocating democratization of the army and social justice * ''Aux Bat'd'Af'' (1906), antimilitarist melodrama, written in collaboration with

Aristide Bruant Aristide Bruant (; 6 May 1851 – 11 February 1925) was a French cabaret singer, comedian, and nightclub owner. He is best known as the man in the red scarf and black cape featured on certain famous posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. He ...

* ''L'Illustration théâtrale'' (1906) * ''La Loupiote'' (1909) * ''Cœur de Française'' (1912) * ''Un jeune officier pauvre'', trilogy (1921) ;Popular novels * ''Mésange'', novel (1892) * ''La Favorite'', novel (1902–1903) * ''Le Chevalier aux genêts d'or'', novel (1903) * ''Les Chevaliers de la mort'', novel (1903–1905) * ''L'Amant de la Duchesse'', historical novel (1906) * ''Les Chouans'', historical novel (1906) * ''Les Amours d'un petit soldat'', sentimental novel (1910) * ''Cœur de Française'', spy novel (1912) * ''L'Espionne de Guillaume'', spy novel (1914) * ''Judex'', detective novel (1917) * ''L'Aiglonne'', historical novel (1922) * ''L'Enfant du Palais'' (1923) * '' Belphégor'', detective novel (1927) * ''Le Miracle des cœurs'' ou ''Tes yeux bleus'', novel (1927) * ''Poker d'As'', spy novel (1928) * ''Marie-Claire amoureuse'' or ''Le Triomphateur'', novel (1928) * ''Le Capitaine Anthéor'', sentimental novel (1930) * ''Le Marchand d'hommes'', historical novel (1932) * ''Vampiria'', detective novel (1932) * ''L'Espionne d'Hitler'', spy novel (1934) * ''Le Maître du feu'', historical novel (1935) * ''En Marge des vivants'', novel (1937) * ''Le Crime d'un magistrat'' (1937) * ''L'Affaire Bessarabo'', detective novel (based on Héra Mirtel) * ''L'Affaire Bougrat'', detective novel (based on ) * ''L'Affaire Brierre, le massacre des Innocents'', detective novel * ''L'Affaire Fualdès'', detective novel (based on the dealing with murder of Antoine B. Fualdès) * ''L'Affaire Gouffé'', detective novel * ''L'Affaire Lafarge, le mystère du Glandier'', detective novel * ''L'Alsacienne'', detective novel * ''L'Amant de la Duchesse'', novel * ''Les Amants du passé'', sentimental novel * ''L'Amour à crédit'', novel * ''L'Amour vengeur'', sentimental novel * ''Les Amours d'une ouvrière'', sentimental novel * ''Anastay, un officier assassin'', detective novel (based on Louis Anastay) * ''Un ancêtre de Landru, Pel, l'horloger empoisonneur'', detective novel (based on Albert Pel) * ''L'Ange et le démon'', detective novel * ''L'Ange du trottoir'', novel * ''L'Assassin des cœurs'', detective novel * ''L'Assassinat du Courrier de Lyon'', detective novel (based on the Courrier de Lyon case) * ''L'Assassin du Marquis de Morès'', detective novel (based on Marquis de Morès) * ''L'Archevêque assassiné'', detective novel * ''Aventures de Max Forter'', novel * ''Les Bas-Fonds de Chicago'', detective novel * ''Les Bas-Fonds de Marseille'', detective novel * ''La Bataille pour l'amour'', sentimental novel * ''Les Beaux romans de l'Histoire'', collection * ''La Belle Courtisane'', sentimental novel * ''La Belle Marion'', sentimental novel * ''Bonnier, Garnier & Cie'', detective novel * ''Bourreau des femmes'', detective novel * ''Le Calvaire de Casse-Cœur'', detective novel * ''Le Calvaire du Lieutenant Ferbach'', novel * ''Captive'', novel * ''La Chanson des cœurs'', spy novel * ''Chantecoq'', spy novel * ''Le Chanteur de Montmartre'', novel * ''La Chasse aux monstres'', novel * ''Le Château du milliardaire'', novel * ''Cocorico'', spy novel * ''Cœur cassé'', novel * ''Un cœur déchiré'', detective novel * ''Les Compagnons du soleil'', adventure novel * ''Condamnée à mort'', detective novel * ''Connais-tu l'amour?'', detective novel * ''Un crime d'amour'', novel * ''Le Crime d'un aviateur'', detective novel * ''Le Curé aux abeilles'', detective novel * ''La Dame de Paris'', novel * ''Du dancing au trottoir'', sentimental novel * ''La Dernière Incarnation de Judex'', detective novel * ''Les Derniers Chouans'', novel * ''Les Deux Parigotes'', novel in collaboration with Ph. Vayre * ''La Devineresse'', sentimental novel * ''Le Divorce de Joséphine'', historical novel * ''Le Docteur Laget, le drame du poison'', detective novel (based on Dr Pierre Laget) * ''Le Don Juan des grands bars'', detective novel * ''Le Drame des chauffeurs'', detective novel * ''Le Drame de la rue de la Pépinière'', detective novel * ''L'Enfant du Curé'', societal novel * ''L'Enfant des Filles'', societal novel * ''L'Épouse qui tue'', detective novel * ''Esclave d'une courtisane'', novel * ''Les Étapes du bonheur'', detective novel, in collaboration with

* ''Le Fantôme du Père Lachaise'', detective novel * ''Féerique aventure'', novel * ''La Femme Weber, l'ogresse de la Goutte d'Or'', detective novel (based on Jeanne Weber) * ''La Fiancée de Lothringer'', sting novel * ''La Fille du Diable'', detective novel * ''Fille-mère, society novel * ''Le Fils de l'Aigle'', historical novel * ''Flétrie et vengée'', sentimental novel * ''Fleur d'ajonc'', sentimental novel * ''Fleur du pavé'', novel * ''Galerie criminelle'', detective collection * ''Le Grand Amour d'une favorite'', sentimental novel * ''Le Grand Amour d'un petit gars'', novel * ''Un grand seigneur assassin, l'affaire Choiseul-Praslin'', detective novel * ''Guyot l'étrangleur'', detective novel * ''L'Homme au masque de fer'', adventure novel (based on the

Man in the Iron Mask The Man in the Iron Mask (French ; died 19 November 1703) was an unidentified prisoner of state during the reign of King Louis XIV of France (1643–1715). Warranted for arrest on 28 July 1669 under the pseudonym of "Eustache Dauger", he wa ...

) * ''Un Homme de proie'', novel * ''L'Homme aux sortilèges'', novel * ''L'Homme aux trois masques'', society novel * ''L'Homme qui sourit'', novel * ''L'Homme qui tue'', novel * ''Impéria'', detective novel * ''Les Incarnations de Judex'', detective novel * ''L'Incendiaire'', detective novel * ''Interdit de séjour'', detective novel in collaboration with P. Gilles * ''L'Introuvable Assassin, l'affaire Cadiou'', detective novel (based on a 1913 crime in Landerneau) * ''Jean Bart, dieu des mars'', adventure novel (based on Jean Bart) * ''Jean Chouan, tome I: La Bataille des cœurs, tome II, La Citoyenne Maryse Fleurus'', (1926) adventure novel (based on Jean Chouan) * ''Lacenaire ou le Napoléon des bandits'', detective novel (based on

Pierre François Lacenaire Pierre François Lacenaire (20 December 1803 – 9 January 1836) was a French murderer and poet. Biography Lacenaire was born in Francheville, Rhône, near the city of Lyon in eastern France. His parents were Jean-Baptiste Lacenaire, an hones ...

) * ''Landru'', detective novel (based on

Henri Désiré Landru Henri Désiré Landru (12 April 1869 – 25 February 1922) () was a French serial killer, nicknamed the Bluebeard of Gambais. He murdered at least seven women in the village of Gambais between December 1915 and January 1919. Landru also kill ...

) * ''La Loi du Talion'', novel * ''Louise et Gabrielle'', sentimental novel * ''La Loupiote'', spy novel, in collaboration with

* ''Madame tête de Boche'', spy novel, in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Mado la blonde'', novel * ''La Maison hantée'', detective novel * ''Mandrin'', adventure novel (based on

Louis Mandrin Louis Mandrin (pronounced lwi mɑ̃dʁɛ̃; 11 February 1725 – 26 May 1755) was a French smuggler (highwayman) from Dauphiné. Biography Mandrin has been called the Robin Hood of France. He became famous for his rebellion against the Ferm ...

) * ''La Marchande de bonheur'', detective novel * ''Marquise et Gigolette'' or ''Les Drames de l'amour'' or ''Les Drames de la vie'', novel * ''Martyres de l'amour... vengez-vous'', detective novel * ''Les Martyres de Paris'', sentimental collection * ''Mata-Hari'', spy novel (based on

Mata Hari Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle; 7 August 187615 October 1917), better known by the stage name Mata Hari (), was a Dutch exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being a spy for Germany during World War I. She was executed ...

) * ''Les Mémoires d'une Masseuse'', novel * ''Méphisto'', novel * ''Mestorino'', detective novel * ''Miousic détective'', detective novel * ''La Môme Coco'', sentimental novel * ''La Môme Printemps'', sentimental novel, in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Le Mystère du train bleu'', detective novel * ''Les Mystères de la Bastille'', novel * ''Les Mystères du bonnet rouge'', detective novel * ''Les Nouveaux Exploits de Chantecoq'', eight detective novel * ''Les Nouveaux Exploits de Judex'', detective novel * ''Les Nouveaux Gangsters de Paris'', detective novel * ''La Nouvelle Mission de Judex'', detective novel * ''L'Ogre amoureux'', detective novel * ''On les a!'', spy novel * ''Nos grands mufles'', novel * ''Le Père de la Loupiote'', novel, in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Le Petit Clown'', detective novel * ''Poker d'As'', novel * ''La Pommerais, un médecin empoisonneur'', detective novel (based on Desire-Edmond Couty de la Pommerais) * ''Pour l'amour et la liberté'', novel * ''Pour la couronne de France'', novel * ''Pour les jeunes'', novel * ''Prado ou le tueur de filles'', detective novel (based on

Prado The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...

) * ''Pranzini, l'assassin de la rue Montaigne'', detective novel (based on ) * ''Princesses du trottoir'', societal novel * ''La Prisonnière du château de Nantes'', novel * ''Les Quatre Sergents de La Rochelle'', historical novel * ''La Redingote grise'', novel * ''Reine, femme et mère'', novel * ''Le Roman d'une chanteuse'', novel * ''Le Roman d'un jeune officier pauvre'', sentimental novel * ''Rose fleurie'', novel * ''Les Sacrifiées'', novel * ''Sauvée par l'amour'', novel * ''Le Secret du légionnaire'', novel * ''Les Secrets de Bolo révélés'', detective novel (based on Bolo Pasha) * ''Serrez vos rangs'', novel in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Seule avec son cœur'', novel * ''Seznec a-t-il été assassiné'', detective novel (based on the Seznec Affair) * ''Le Sorcier de la Reine'', novel * ''La Soutane'', novel * ''Surcouf, roi des corsaires'', aventure novel (based on

Robert Surcouf Robert Surcouf (12 December 1773 – 8 July 1827) was a French privateer and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean between 1789 and 1801, and again from 1807 to 1808, capturing over 40 prizes. He later amassed a large fortune as a ...

) * ''Le Tambour d'Arcole'', novel (based on the ) * ''Le Temps des miracles'', novel * ''Ma Tendre musette'', sentimental novel * ''Tête de Boche'', novel in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Les Tonsurés'', novel * ''Les Travailleuses'', societal novel * ''Les Trois Ombres'', novel * ''Les Trois légionnaires'', novel in collaboration with Aristide Bruant * ''Le Tueur de femmes'', detective novel * ''Pour l'amour d'une belle'', sentimental novel * ''Suis-je un assassin?'', novel * ''Va... petit mousse'', novel * ''Le Vampire de Düsseldorf'', detective novel (based on Peter Kürten) * ''Vidocq'', adventure novel (based on

Eugène François Vidocq Eugène-François Vidocq (; 24 July 1775 – 11 May 1857) was a French criminal turned criminalist, whose life story inspired several writers, including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe and Honoré de Balzac. The former criminal became the founder an ...

) * ''La Vierge du Moulin Rouge'', novel * ''La Ville aux illusions'', novel * ''Zapata'', adventure novel ;Adaptations of literary works for cinema * 1906: ''Fleur de Paris'' distribué by

Louis Aubert Louis François Marie Aubert (19 February 1877 – 9 January 1968) was a French composer. Biography Born in Paramé, Ille-et-Vilaine, Louis Aubert was a child prodigy. His parents, recognizing their son's musical talent, sent him to Paris to rec ...

with Mistinguett *1906: ''Fille-Mère'' distribué by Louis Aubert *1916–1917: '' Judex'' by

with René Cresté and

Marcel Lévesque Marcel Lévesque (6 December 1877 – 16 February 1962) was a French film actor. Born Joseph Marcel Lévesque in Paris, he died in Couilly-Pont-aux-Dames. Selected filmography * ''Les Vampires'' (1915) * ''Judex'' (1916) * '' La dama de Chez M ...

* ''Nouvelle mission de Judex'' *1921: ''L'Aiglonne'', by Émile Keppens and René Navarre *1923: ''Vidocq'', by

Jean Kemm Jean Kemm (15 May 1874–1939) was a French stage and theater actor and film director. Kemm was born Jules Adolphe Félix Bécheret in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris and died in Paris in 1939. Selected filmography * '' André Cornélis'' ( ...

*1923: '' Mandrin'', by

Henri Fescourt Henri Fescourt (23 November 1880 – 9 August 1966) was a French film director. He directed some 40 films in his career. Filmography * 1912 : '' Un vol a été commis'' * 1912 : '' Le Petit restaurant de l'impasse Canin'' * 1912 : '' Paris-Sa ...

*1923: '' Ferragus, adaptation of the novel '' Ferragus'' by

Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac ( , more commonly , ; born Honoré Balzac;Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac : Aux sources historiques de La Comédie humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p. 20 May 179 ...

*1925: ''Surcouf'' *1925: ''

Les Misérables ''Les Misérables'' ( , ) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its origin ...

'', by

*1925: '' Jean Chouan'', by

Luitz-Morat Luitz-Morat (1884–1929) was a French actor, screenwriter and film director.Oscherwitz p.35 Selected filmography * '' A Roman Orgy'' (1911) * '' The City Destroyed'' (1924) * '' Surcouf'' (1925) * '' Jean Chouan'' (1926) * '' The Chocolate Girl' ...

*1927: ''Poker d'As'', by

Henri Desfontaines Henri Desfontaines (12 November 1876, Paris – 7 January 1931, Paris) was a French film director, actor, and scriptwriter. Filmography As director * 1908 : ''Hamlet'' * 1909 : '' Le Puits et le pendule'' * 1910 : '' Un invité gênant'' * ...

*1927: '' Belphégor'', by Henri Desfontaines *1927: ''Les Cinq Sous de Lavarède'', by

Maurice Champreux Maurice Champreux (1893–1976) was a French film director, cinematographer and editor.Goble p.129 Biography Maurice Champreux married with Isabelle Feuillade. She is the daughter of famous French film director Louis Feuillade. Maurice and Isab ...

*1928: ''

L'Argent ''L'Argent'' ("Money") is the eighteenth novel in the '' Rougon-Macquart'' series by Émile Zola. It was serialized in the periodical ''Gil Blas'' beginning in November 1890 before being published in novel form by Charpentier et Fasquelle in March ...

'', by Marcel L'Herbier *1931: '' Méphisto'' with

Jean Gabin Jean Gabin (; 17 May 190415 November 1976) was a French actor and singer. Considered a key figure in French cinema, he starred in several classic films including ''Pépé le Moko'' (1937), '' La grande illusion'' (1937), ''Le Quai des brumes'' ...

in his first speaking role *1947: '' Mandrin'' directed by René Jayet *1962: '' Mandrin'' by

Jean-Paul Le Chanois Jean-Paul Étienne Dreyfus, better known as Jean-Paul Le Chanois (25 October 1909 – 8 July 1985), was a French film director, screenwriter and actor. His film '' ...Sans laisser d'adresse'' won the Golden Bear (Comedies) award at the 1st ...

*1963: '' Judex'' by

Georges Franju Georges Franju (; 12 April 1912 – 5 November 1987) was a French filmmaker. He was born in Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine. Biography Early life Before working in French cinema, Franju held several different jobs. These included working for a ...

) with Channing Pollock, Francine Bergé and

Édith Scob Édith Scob (21 October 1937 – 26 June 2019) was a French film and theatre actress, best known for her role as the daughter with a disfigured face in '' Eyes Without a Face'' (1960). Early life and family Scob was born Édith Helena Vladimirov ...

External links

Arthur Bernède
on Data.bnf.fr * {{DEFAULTSORT:Bernede, Arthur 1871 births 1937 deaths People from Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine 19th-century French novelists 20th-century French novelists 20th-century French male writers 19th-century French dramatists and playwrights 20th-century French dramatists and playwrights French crime fiction writers French male screenwriters 20th-century French screenwriters French fantasy writers Writers from Brittany French male novelists 19th-century French male writers