The Arkansas National Guard (ARNG), commonly known as the Arkansas Guard, is a component of the Government of Arkansas and the

National Guard of the United States The National Guard is a state-based military force that becomes part of the reserve components of the United States Army and the United States Air Force when activated for federal missions.Army An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...

and

Air National Guard The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force, as well as the air militia of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the ter ...

units. The

adjutant general An adjutant general is a military chief administrative officer. France In Revolutionary France, the was a senior staff officer, effectively an assistant to a general officer. It was a special position for lieutenant-colonels and colonels in staf ...

's office is located at Camp Robinson MTC,

North Little Rock North Little Rock is a city in Pulaski County, Arkansas, across the Arkansas from Little Rock in the central part of the state. The population was 64,591 at the 2020 census. In 2019 the estimated population was 65,903, making it the seventh-mo ...

Dual missions, state and federal

National Guard units can be mobilized at any time by presidential order to supplement regular armed forces, and upon declaration of a

state of emergency A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...

by the

governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

of the state in which they serve. Unlike Army Reserve members, National Guard members cannot be mobilized individually (except through voluntary transfers and Temporary DutY Assignments (TDY)), but only as part of their respective

unit Unit may refer to: Arts and entertainment * UNIT, a fictional military organization in the science fiction television series ''Doctor Who'' * Unit of action, a discrete piece of action (or beat) in a theatrical presentation Music * ''Unit'' (a ...

s. However, there have been several individual activations to support military operations since 2001.

Federal mission

When National Guard troops are called to federal service, the President serves as Commander-In-Chief. The federal mission assigned to the National Guard is: ''"To provide properly trained and equipped units for prompt mobilization for war, National emergency or as otherwise needed." For much of the final decades of the 20th century, National Guard personnel typically served " one weekend a month, two weeks a year", with a portion working for the Guard in a full-time capacity. The current forces formation plans of the US Army call for the typical National Guard unit (or National Guardsman) to serve one year of active duty for every six years of service. More specifically, current

Department of Defense Department of Defence or Department of Defense may refer to: Current departments of defence * Department of Defence (Australia) * Department of National Defence (Canada) * Department of Defence (Ireland) * Department of National Defense (Philipp ...

policy is that individual Guardsman will be given 24 months between deployments of no more than 12 months each. During the Little Rock School Crisis in 1957, President Eisenhower issued Executive Order , which temporarily placed the Arkansas National Guard under Federal control.

State mission

The Governor may call individuals or units of the Arkansas National Guard into state service during emergencies or to assist in special situations which lend themselves to use of the National Guard. The state mission assigned to the National Guard is: ''"To provide trained and disciplined forces for domestic emergencies or as otherwise provided by state law.''"When not activated for its Federal mission, the Governor through the State Adjutant General commands Guard forces. The Governor can call the Guard into action during local or statewide emergencies, such as storms, drought, and civil disturbances, to name a few.

Military support to civilian authorities (MSCA)

Upon the request of either the judge or sheriff of a county or the mayor of a city... ...whenever it is made to appear to the Governor that there is a breach of the peace, riot, resistance to process of this State, or disaster or imminent danger thereof... ...the Governor may order into the active service of the state... ...for such period, and to such extent, and in such manner as he may deem necessary, all or any part of the organized militia. The intent is that the National Guard is called only when civilian resources have been used first and fully exhausted. While in this status, Guard units report only to military authorities, Guard Authorities do not replace Civilian Authorities. The use of the National Guard is intended as a temporary measure to prevent the loss of life or damage to property.

Examples of MSCA missions conducted in state active duty status

When Tornados hit Dumas, Arkansas, on Saturday, February 24, 2007 the Arkansas National Guard deployed 130 Soldiers to conduct the following missions: :Security operations :Prevention of looting :Curfew enforcement :Power generation In 2009 the Arkansas National Guard conducted over 101 MSCA missions, including:Arkansas. (2009). Military Department of Arkansas annual report. Robinson Maneuver Training Center, North Little Rock, Ark: Military Dept. of Arkansas, page 18 :Texas wildfires :Major ice storm – 81 missions :Mena tornado :Water purification to support the town of Dierks, Arkansas :H1N1 flu vaccinations The types of missions that the Arkansas National Guard conducted in 2009 included: :Power generation :Emergency shelter :Cots and blankets :County disaster response teams (search and rescue, route clearance, debris removal) :Water provision

Examples of MSCA provided in a Title 32 status

The National Guard may also respond to natural disasters and other domestic operations in a Title 32 status. In this situation, the Guard is still under the direct command and control of the Governor, but the Federal Government provides the funding through Title 32 of the United States Code.

Hurricane Katrina

The Governor of Arkansas initially activated troops in a state active duty status in response to an Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) request from the Governor of Louisiana. EMAC provides mutual aid across state lines, provides assets for states' personnel and equipment shortfalls, places responding assets under operational control of requesting governor and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recognizes cross-state support as reimbursable. The Arkansas National Guard provided the first guard units from outside Louisiana to respond to the Louisiana Governor's request for support when the 77th Theater Aviation Brigade deployed assets to New Orleans. A total of 3000 Arkansas National Guard Soldiers and Airmen were mobilized, with 1500 deployed to Louisiana at the peak of operations. The Arkansas National Guard assisted with processing over 10,000 evacuees through the Chaffee Maneuver Training Center (Fort Chaffee) at Fort Smith Arkansas. Arkansas National Guard units were among the last to leave Louisiana, finally handing off its missions to the Louisiana National Guard in February 2006.

Operation Jump Start

When President Bush ordered National Guard Troops to help secure the border with Mexico, the Arkansas National Guard responded with a Joint Task Force of Soldiers and Airmen, operating in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. At its peak, Arkansas had over 230 Arkansas troops and airmen on orders including: :Arizona – 23 Airmen from the 188th Fighter Wing and 189th Air Lift Wing :New Mexico – 137 from

39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team The 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (39th IBCT), also officially known as The Arkansas Brigade, is an infantry brigade combat team of the Army National Guard composed of personnel from the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. The un ...

and 87th Troop Command, ans 1 Airman from 188th Fighter Wing :Texas – 53 from the 77th Theater Aviation Brigade :Arkansas – 19 support personnel at the state Joint Operations Center and the Joint Forces Headquarters

State military facilities

The Arkansas National Guard operates over 70 National Guard Readiness Centers (traditionally referred to as Armories) in 55 Arkansas Counties. The state also maintains two Maneuver Training Centers, Chaffee Maneuver Training Center at

Fort Smith, Arkansas Fort Smith is the third-largest city in Arkansas and one of the two county seats of Sebastian County. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 89,142. It is the principal city of the Fort Smith, Arkansas–Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Are ...

, and Camp Robinson Maneuver Training Center at

North Little Rock, Arkansas North Little Rock is a city in Pulaski County, Arkansas, across the Arkansas from Little Rock in the central part of the state. The population was 64,591 at the 2020 census. In 2019 the estimated population was 65,903, making it the seventh-mo ...

Fort Chaffee Maneuver Training Center

The Chaffee Maneuver Training Center (Fort Chaffee) encompasses over 65,000 acres, large enough to support Brigade size training exercises, or up to approximately 7000 soldiers. Acreage available to support Field Artillery training as well as various small arms training ranges. A recent addition to Fort Chaffee is the convoy live fire range to meet the latest training requirement of the Global War On Terrorism. Fort Chaffee became a center for processing hurricane evacuees, providing shelter and relief to over 10,000 Citizens of Louisiana during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

Camp Robinson Maneuver Training Center

The Camp Robinson Maneuver Training Center (Camp Joseph T, Robinson) is a 32,000 Acre facility located at North Little Rock, Arkansas, which houses the Joint Forces Headquarters, Arkansas National Guard, the Headquarters, Arkansas Air National Guard, Headquarters, 77th Combat Aviation Brigade, Headquarters, 87th Troop Command, and is home to 3 Premier Training Centers, the National Guard Professional Education Center (PEC), the Guard Marksmanship Training Center (NGMTC) and the 233rd Regional Training Institute.

Manpower

As of 2009, the Arkansas National Guard Consisted of 10,582 Soldiers and Airmen. 8,750 of these Soldiers and Airmen are considered traditional members, meaning that they are required to drill at least one weekend per month and 2 weeks per year, but often work more. The Arkansas National Guard is supported by 1,836 full-time federal military employees and an additional 545 full-time state civilian employees.

State Military Department

The Arkansas State Military Department supports the Arkansas Guard by providing responsible fiscal, administrative, nursing, security, youth service, family support, natural resource conservation, recycling, waste water, public affairs, legal, museum, fire, police officers, skilled trades, and trained professional staff that will ensure well-maintained armories, facilities, training, and personnel administration for the National Guard.

Youth programs

The Arkansas National Guard Operates two programs to assist at-risk youth.

Youth Challenge

The Arkansas National Guard Youth Challenge program is a 22-week residential program for at-risk youth ages 16–19. In 2009 the program graduated 109 cadets. Of that number 71 earned a GED or a high school diploma. Twelve graduates of the program joined the military and six enrolled in college. The Cadets perform community service at numerous events, such as the Arkansas Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure against breast cancer.Arkansas. (2009). Military Department of Arkansas annual report. Robinson Maneuver Training Center, North Little Rock, Ark: Military Dept. of Arkansas, page 30

Civilian Student Training Program

Civilian Student Training Program is a state funded program that provides a structured, discipline base and military style,

behavior modification Behavior modification is an early approach that used respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, overt behavior was modified with consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement conti ...

environment. the program accepts adjudicated male nonviolent offenders ranging in age from 13 to 17. The nine-week residential multi-phase program stresses value-based learning, physical fitness, academic and life skills education, and community service. The program was proposed by the Arkansas National Guard and established by the state legislature in 1993. All participants are enrolled under court order. The program has graduated over 5,000 since its inception. The academic grade level increased of graduates increases by an average of 2.5 years. Over 25,000 hours of community service has been performed by CSTP graduates.

Economic impact

The Arkansas National Guard's total operating budget for FY 2008 was, $244.8 million; of that, the federal government provided $232.4 million and the State of Arkansas provided $12.3 million in fiscal year 2008. There were also federal military construction projects related to the Arkansas National Guard totaling $83 million in fiscal year 2008.Arkansas. (2008). Military Department of Arkansas annual report. Robinson Maneuver Training Center, North Little Rock, Ark: Military Department of Arkansas, page 25

History

The Arkansas National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the Territorial Militia in 1804. Interest in the Militia in Arkansas generally waxed and waned throughout the 19th century as various national emergencies arose and passed. Arkansas provided troops for the War with Mexico, the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and t ...

, and the

Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (clock ...

during the 19th century. In each case, in answer to the governor's call, local militia companies would turn out and be formed into

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscript ...

s or

battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions ...

s for induction into federal service. The militia was also heavily engaged in the violence that characterized the

Reconstruction Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology * Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Unio ...

period following the Civil War. Interest in the militia or Arkansas State Guard as it was known following reconstruction, ebbed and flowed throughout the 19th century, increasing just before or major conflicts, but diminishing in between. Most militia activity was at the local, county and city level, and was often provided for with private funds. It was only late in the 19th century, in the preparations for the

that the State Guard, as it was known then, truly came into existence as a stable organized force. Following the Spanish–American War, the Arkansas State Guard, along with the militia forces of all other states, was reorganized as the Arkansas National Guard. With the reorganization came the first nationally directed training and increased funding. During World War I, units were stripped of their state designations and were given federal designations upon mustering into federal service. The National Guard saw a massive expansion and increased funding and training following

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

. A similar increase was seen after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. Following World War II, the air component was separated into the

Arkansas Air National Guard The Arkansas Air National Guard (AR ANG), commonly known as the Arkansas Air Guard, is the aerial militia of the State of Arkansas, United States of America. It is, along with the Arkansas Army National Guard, an element of the Arkansas National G ...

. Both the air and land components of the Arkansas National Guard supplied forces for the

Korean War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Korean War , partof = the Cold War and the Korean conflict , image = Korean War Montage 2.png , image_size = 300px , caption = Clockwise from top:{ ...

. In 1967 during a nationwide reorganization of National Guard Units, the Arkansas Army National Guard took on most of its current force structure with one Infantry Brigade, One Field Artillery Brigade, Aviation units, and various Separate Companies under the Troop Command. Arkansas units have served in every major conflict since the Seminole War, with the exception of Vietnam. Arkansas Army and Air units remain fully engaged in the ongoing

Global War on Terrorism The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is an ongoing international counterterrorism military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks. The main targets of the campaign are militant ...

. Throughout its service to the nation during times of war, the Arkansas National Guard has continued to perform its role of providing service to the citizens of the state during times of disaster. The Guard has responded to numerous tornadoes, floods and fires, in addition to being called upon to provide security and quell violence in times of civil disturbance. The Guard has also provided support to neighboring states, most notably Louisiana during Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Ike. The history of the Arkansas National Guard is divided into the following time periods: *

Arkansas Territorial Militia The Militia of the Territory of Arkansas, commonly known as the Arkansas Militia, was the forerunner of today's Arkansas National Guard. The current Arkansas Army National Guard traces its roots to the creation of the territorial militia of t ...

1804–1836 * Arkansas Militia and the War with Mexico, 1836–1847 * Arkansas Militia in the Civil War, 1848–1865 *

Arkansas Militia in Reconstruction The Arkansas Militia in Reconstruction was deeply involved in the ongoing civil disturbances which plagued the state until the late 1870s. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, the militia was first utilized by the white population to re-e ...

, 1865–1879 *

Arkansas State Guard and the Spanish–American War The history of the Arkansas State Guard and the Spanish–American War begins with the reorganization of the state militia following the end of Reconstruction era of the United States, Reconstruction. In 1879 the Arkansas Legislature had abolished ...

, 1879–1900 * Arkansas National Guard during World War I, 1900–1919 * Arkansas National Guard and World War II, 1920–1945 *

, 1949–present * Arkansas Army National Guard and the Korean War, 1949–1954 * Arkansas Army National Guard and the Cold War, 1954–1989 * Arkansas National Guard and the Integration of Central High School, 1957 * Arkansas Army National Guard in Operation Desert Storm, 1990–1991 * Arkansas Army National Guard and the Global War on Terrorism, 1992–present *

, 1949–present

List of adjutants general

File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. A. P. Spencer, 1819–1823 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Terrence Farrelly, 1823–1825 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Benjamin Desha, 1826–1828 File:Wharton Rector, 1800-1842.jpg, Col. Wharton Rector, Jr., 1828–1832 File:Archibald Yell - 2er Gouverneur Arkansas.jpg, Col. Archibald Yell, 1832–1833 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. William Field, 1833–1835 File:Wharton Rector, 1800-1842.jpg, Col. Wharton Rector, Jr., 1835–1836 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Daniel T. Witter, 1836-1836 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. John N. Boyle, 1836–1837 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col.

William B. Conway William Bernard Conway (1802–1839) was an American politician and newspaperman who was the first secretary and first acting governor of Iowa Territory. Early life and newspaper career Conway was born in New Castle County, Delaware. In Pittsburg ...

, 1837–1838 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Samuel H. Hempstead, 1838–1845 File:AlbertPikeYounger.jpeg, Col.

Albert Pike Albert Pike (December 29, 1809April 2, 1891) was an American author, poet, orator, editor, lawyer, jurist and Confederate general who served as an associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court in exile from 1864 to 1865. He had previously se ...

, 1845–1846 File:Solon Borland.jpg, Col. Solon Borland, 1846–1848 File:AR Roane John.jpg, Col. John S. Roane, 1848–1849 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Allan Wood, 1849–1851 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. John Hutt, 1853–1860 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. Edmund Burgevin, 1861–1862 File:Gordon N. Peay.jpg, Col. Gordon N. Peay, 1863–1864 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. C. A. Henry, 1864-1864 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Col. F. M. Sams, 1864-1864 File:Albert_W_Bishop_Adjutant_General_of_Arkansas.jpg, Brig. Gen. Albert W. Bishop, 1864–1868 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Keyes Danforth, 1868–1873 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Frank Strong, 1873–1874 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, M. McCananny, 1874-1874 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Charles H. Woods, 1874–1877 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, James Pomeroy, 1877–1881 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Sam J. Churchill, 1881–1882 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, James F. Reed, 1883-1883 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, L. H. McGill, 1883–1884 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, W. H. Langford, 1884–1885 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, W. B. Hughes, 1885–1889 File:JohnCEngland, Adjutant General Arkansas.jpg, John C. England, 1889–1891 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, A. W. Giles, 1891-1891 File:Kie Oldham.jpg, Kie Oldham, 1891–1897 File:Brigadier General Authur Neill, Arkansas State Guard, 1900.jpg, Brig. Gen. Arthur Neill, 1897–1900 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Brig. Gen. Charles Jacobson, 1901–1907 File:Seal of the Arkansas National Guard.jpg, Brig. Gen. Paul Little, 1907–1909 File:BG Benjamin W Green.jpg, Brig. Gen. Benjamin W. Green, 1909–1913 File:BG Lloyd England 1913-1919.jpg, Brig. Gen. Lloyd England, 1913–1919 File:BG Joe S Harris.jpg, Brig. Gen. Joe S. Harris, 1919–1921 File:Virgil A Beason.jpg, Brig. Gen. Virgil A. Beeson, 1921–1922 File:BG Heber L. McAlister.jpg, Brig. Gen. Heber L. McAlister, 1922–1925 File:BG James R Wayne.jpg, Brig. Gen. James R Wayne, 1925–1927 File:BG Joe S Harris.jpg, Brig. Gen. Joe S. Harris, 1927–1929 File:COL_Ebenezer_L._Compere.jpg, Brig. Gen. Ebenezer L. Compere, 1929–1937 File:BG Daniel B. Byrd.jpg, Brig. Gen. Daniel B. Byrd, 1937–1941 File:COL_Ebenezer_L._Compere.jpg, Brig. Gen. Ebenezer L. Compere, 1941–1945 File:BG Heber L. McAlister.jpg, Brig. Gen. Heber L. McAlister, 1945–1949 File:MG Earl F Ricks.jpg, Brig. Gen. Earl Ricks, 1949–1950 File:BG Heber L. McAlister.jpg, Brig. Gen. Heber L. McAlister, 1950–1951 File:MG John B Morris.jpg, Brig. Gen. John B. Morris, Jr., 1951–1953 File:MG Lucien Abram.jpg, Maj. Gen. Lucien Abraham, 1953–1955 File:MG Sherman T Clinger.jpg, Maj. Gen. Sherman T. Clinger, 1955–1966 File:MG Charles H. Wilson.jpg, Maj. Gen. Charles H. Wilson, 1967–1970 File:MG Thomas M. Phillips, 1971.jpg, Maj. Gen. Thomas M. Phillips, 1971–1973 File:MG Joseph A. Chappell, Commander, 39th BCT 1971-1973.jpg, Maj. Gen. oseph R. Chappell, Jr., 1973–1975 File:MG Thomas C. Armstrong.jpg, Maj. Gen. Thomas C. Armstrong, 1975–1979 File:MG James H. Jones.jpg, Maj. Gen. James H. Jones, 1979–1981 File:MG Harold L. Gwatney, Commander 39th BCT 1973-1978.jpg, Maj. Gen. Harold L. Gwatney, 1981–1983 File:MG Fred M. Carter.jpg, Maj. Gen. Fred M. Carter, 1984–1986 File:MG James A. Ryan, Commander, 39th BCT, 1984-1986.jpg, Maj. Gen. James A. Ryan, 1986–1993 File:MG Melvin C. Thrash, Commander, 39th BCT, 1986-1990.jpg, Maj. Gen. Melvin C. Thrash, 1993–1996 File:MG Don C. Morrow, Commander, 39th BCT, 1994-1996.jpg, Maj. Gen. Don C. Morrow, 1996–2006 File:MG Ronald S. Chastain, Commander 39th BCT, 2000-2005.jpg, Maj. Gen. Ronald S. Chastain, 2006–2007 File:MG William D. Wofford.jpg, Maj. Gen. William D. Wofford, 2007–2015 File:Cmd Photo - Maj. Gen. Berry 09FEB15.jpg, Maj. Gen. Mark H. Berry, 2015–2019 File:Kendall W. Penn (2).jpg, Maj. Gen. Kendall W. Penn, 2019–present

References

External links

*
Arkansas National Guard MuseumThe National Guard Association of Arkansas (NGAA)
* * {{coord, 34, 48, 54.8, N, 92, 17, 18.9, W, region:US-AR_type:landmark, display=title 1804 establishments in the United States

National Guard National Guard is the name used by a wide variety of current and historical uniformed organizations in different countries. The original National Guard was formed during the French Revolution around a cadre of defectors from the French Guards. Nat ...

Military units and formations established in 1804 National Guard (United States) Organizations based in North Little Rock, Arkansas