Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlant ...

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Biarritz Biarritz ( , , , ; Basque also ; oc, Biàrritz ) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located from the border with Spa ...

Bidart Bidart (; eu, Bidarte)BIDARTE

Labourd Labourd ( eu, Lapurdi; la, Lapurdum; Gascon: ''Labord'') is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques ''département''. It is one of the traditional Basque provinces, and identified as one of the territorial c ...

. Access to the commune is by road D255 from Biarritz in the north passing through the village and continuing south to

Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle (, literally ''Saint-Pée on Nivelle''; eu, Senpere)SENPERE

Ahetze. The A63 autoroute passes through the northern tip of the commune but has no access from the commune. In the south of the commune is the hamlet of Le Hameau d'Arbonne. The rest of the commune is mainly farmland with patches of forest especially in the north. Located in the

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of the

Adour The Adour (; eu, Aturri; oc, Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. ...

, the commune is traversed by the Uhabia, a small coastal river that flows into the ocean at

Bidart Bidart (; eu, Bidarte)BIDARTE

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Places and Hamlets

* Aguerrea * Alhorga * Allexarrea * Arditegia * Arretxea * Berrueta * Cassoua * Diharzenea * Etchardia * Guichenea * Gure Egoitza * le Hameau d'Arbonne * Harriague * Hegoasea * Katalienea * Kuttuenea * Larreburua * Magnienea * Menta * Mestelan Beherea * Mestelania * Moleresia * Mundustenea * Pemartikoborda * Pemartin * Perukain * La Place * le Pouy * Saskoenea * Tribulenea * Xantxienea * Xokobia * Ziburria * Ziburriako Errota

Toponymy

The commune name in Basque is ''Arbona''. Brigitte Jobbé-Duval indicated that Arbona'' meant "place of tree stumps". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: * Raymond:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Origins: *Bayonne:

Cartulary A cartulary or chartulary (; Latin: ''cartularium'' or ''chartularium''), also called ''pancarta'' or ''codex diplomaticus'', is a medieval manuscript volume or roll ('' rotulus'') containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the f ...

of

Bayonne Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine r ...

or ''Livre d'Or'' (Book of Gold)Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Collations: Collations of the Diocese of BayonneManuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of

Bayonne Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine r ...

Chapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Intendance: Intendance of PauTitles of the intendance of Pau - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques

History

The oldest lord of Arbonne whose names are known are from the Sault family, Viscounts of Labourd. At the end of the 14th century the lordship was owned by the Saint-Julien family (originally from Lower Navarre) and then in 1408 to the Amezqueta family. The Act of 4 March 1790,Philippe Veyrin, ''The Basques'', Arthaud, 1947, reprinted 1975, , p. 185 which determined the new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, created the Department of Basses-Pyrénées to bring together

Béarn The Béarn (; ; oc, Bearn or ''Biarn''; eu, Bearno or ''Biarno''; or ''Bearnia'') is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three B ...

, the Gascon lands in Bayonne and Bidache, and three French Basque provinces. For these three provinces three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palais, and

Ustaritz Ustaritz (; eu, Uztaritze) is a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France. It is located on the river Nive some inland from Bayonne. Ustaritz station has r ...

which replaced the Bailiwick of

Labourd Labourd ( eu, Lapurdi; la, Lapurdum; Gascon: ''Labord'') is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques ''département''. It is one of the traditional Basque provinces, and identified as one of the territorial c ...

. The seat of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to

Bayonne Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine r ...

. Its Directorate pushed many municipalities into adopting new names conforming to the spirit of the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

. Arbonne was called ''Constante'',.

Ustaritz Ustaritz (; eu, Uztaritze) is a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France. It is located on the river Nive some inland from Bayonne. Ustaritz station has r ...

became ''Marat-sur-Nive'',

Itxassou Itxassou (; Basque ''Itsasu'')ITSASU
Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry ''Thermopyles'', Saint-Palais ''Mont-Bidouze'',

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John t theFoot of hePass"; eu, Donibane Garazi; es, San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean foothi ...

''Nive-Franche'', Louhossoa ''Montagne-sur-Nive'', Saint-Jean-de-Luz ''Chauvin-Dragon'', Ainhoa ''Mendiarte'', and Souraïde ''Mendialde''.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive MayorsHubert Lamant-Duhart in ''Arbonne, Arbona'', Collective work under the direction of Hubert Lamant-Duhart, Ekaina, 1988, p. 213 ;

Mayors In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as ...

from 1943

Inter-communality

Arbonne is part of nine inter-communal structures: * the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque; * the SIVOM of Arbonne-Arcangues-Bassussarry; * the SIVU of Arbonne-Bidart; * the Ouhabia association; * the mixed association of Bizi Garbia; * the Association for promotion of basque culture; * the mixed association for management of Ura drinking water; * the mixed association for sanitation in Ura; * the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The commune is part of the ''Eurocité basque Bayonne-San Sebastian'' ( fr) (a cross-border association to develop the area from Bayonne in France to San Sebastian in Spain).

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 2,223 inhabitants.

Economy

The commune is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical bo ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan-Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Béa ...

.

Culture and heritage

According to the ''Map of the Seven Basque Provinces'' by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte the basque dialect spoken in Arbonne is northern

Upper Navarrese Upper Navarrese (sometimes called High Navarrese) is a dialect of the Basque language spoken in the Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa or ''Nafarroa Garaia'') community of Spain, as established by linguist Louis Lucien Bonaparte in his famous 1869 map. He a ...

Religious heritage

The commune has two buildings that are registered as historical monuments: *The Church of Saint-Laurent (12th century). It is of a medium size with an arched

Bell-gable The bell gable ( es, espadaña, french: clocher-mur, it, campanile a vela) is an architectural element crowning the upper end of the wall of church buildings, usually in lieu of a church tower. It consists of a gable end in stone, with small h ...

characteristic of

Labourd Labourd ( eu, Lapurdi; la, Lapurdum; Gascon: ''Labord'') is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques ''département''. It is one of the traditional Basque provinces, and identified as one of the territorial c ...

religious buildings. Some old Hilarri are visible in the cemetery. *The old Benoîterie d'Arbonne (16th century)Ministry of Culture, Mérimée The Benoîterie was the residence of the ''Benoîte'' or guardian of the church and cemetery and is now the venue for exhibitions (paintings, crafts).

Facilities

;Health The commune has a general practitioner, three nurses, a speech therapist, a physiotherapist, and a dentist - all in the village centre. ;Education Arbonne has two primary schools, one public and one private (Saint-Laurent school)

Notable people linked to the commune

* Jean Borotra - called the ''Basque bondissant'' (the Bounding Basque), born in 1898 at

Biarritz Biarritz ( , , , ; Basque also ; oc, Biàrritz ) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located from the border with Spa ...

and died in 1994 at Arbonne, a tennis player and French politician *Bernard Béreau, born in 1940 at Arbonne and died in 2005, he was a French footballer *Marie-Michèle Beaufils, born in 1949 at Arbonne, she is a contemporary writer

Geography

Places and Hamlets

Toponymy

History

Heraldry

Administration

Inter-communality

Demography

Economy

Culture and heritage

Religious heritage

Facilities

Notable people linked to the commune

See also