Aranđelovac
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Aranđelovac ( sr-cyr, Аранђеловац, ) is a town and a municipality located in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. , the municipality has a population of 46,225 inhabitants, while the town has 24,797 inhabitants. It is situated beneath the mountains Bukulja and Venčac, at about above sea level, away from
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 mi ...
. The municipality encompasses two towns and 18 village communities. Also, "Bukovička Banja" Spa is located in the town.


Etymology

Most of the town territory used to belong to the village of Vrbica, today its suburb. Since prince
Miloš Obrenović Miloš, Milos, Miłosz or spelling variations thereof is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to: Given name Sportsmen * Miłosz Bernatajtys, Polish rower * Miloš Bogunović, Serbian footballer * Miloš Budaković, Serbian ...
often resided in the Bukovička Banja, he decided to build a church in Vrbica in 1858 (one of his "repentance churches"), and dedicated it to St. Archangel Gabriel. By the prince's decree, the growing community surrounding the church was proclaimed the town of Aranđelovac ("The town of Archangel (Angel)") in 1859, occupying major parts of territories of villages Vrbica and Bukovik. By the same decree, the prince ordered establishment of the spa of Bukovička Banja.


History


Prehistory

Though the town itself is a 19th-century settlement, the area has been inhabited for a long time. The
Paleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: παλαιός '' palaios'', "old" and λίθος ''lithos'', "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone too ...
site of
Risovača Cave Risovača Cave, ( sr-cyr, Пећина Рисовача, Pećina Risovača) is situated at the very entrance of the town of Aranđelovac in central Serbia around above the Kubršnica river valley. It is one of the most important archaeological s ...
is located at the entrance of the town. On the eastern slope of the Venčac mountain there is a locality of Dizljak, which belongs to the
Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...
Vinča culture.


Roman period

The remains from the Roman period were discovered on the Mali Venčac peak. They included ceramics, glass cups and dishes, jugs, jewelry (earrings, ornamental pearls, fibulas), cloths (belts, buckles) and coins. As the area is made of limestone, artifacts corroded significantly, except for the glass remains which are exceptionally preserved. The jewelry is made of copper and silver. In the summer of 2017, further Roman remains were unearthed on the Great Venčac, the highest peak of the mountain, some away from the Little Venčac. The remains included graves, bones, glass and ceramics. The necropolis is dated between the 4th and the 6th century and by August 2018, 23 graves were discovered, including one of a child. Four skeletons were placed in the east-west direction and the others in the northwest-southeast one. The graves are spreading in the direction of the highest peak itself, but there are no sufficient funding to explore the top of the mountain itself. It was previously believed that this was a military outpost, but with the new discoveries, it is now believed that this was a fully developed and systematically built settlement. In the late 20th century, the probing of the terrain indicated that the dwelling units are located below the ground. The anthropological survey of the bones is planned in order to confirm that the civilians also lived in the settlement. One of the problems is the local quarry as archaeologists believe that the decades-old digging on the mountain destroyed most of the remains.


Middle Ages

In the 2010s, the remains of a monumental 14th-century church in the Dvorine locality were discovered.


Climate

Aranđelovac has a
humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...
(
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...
: ''Dfb'') that is very close to an
oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ...
(
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...
: ''Cfb'').


Settlements

Aside from the town of Aranđelovac, the municipality comprises the following settlements: * Banja * Bosuta * Brezovac * Bukovik * Bukovička Banja * Venčane * Vrbica * Vukosavci * Garaši * Gornja Trešnjevica *
Darosava Darosava ( sr-cyrl, Даросава) is a village in the municipality of Aranđelovac Aranđelovac ( sr-cyr, Аранђеловац, ) is a town and a municipality located in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. , the municipality has a popu ...
* Jelovik * Kopljare * Misača * Orašac * Progoreoci * Ranilović * Stojnik * Tulež


Demographics

According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Aranđelovac has a population of 46,225 inhabitants.


Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the municipality:


Economy

Being a spa resort, tourism and hospitality industry is one of the main economy activity in the town. Arandjelovac has number of hotels, including ', ''Šumadija'', and ''Izvor'', as well as many smaller boutique hotels, and guest houses. In addition the streets of town are littered with many cafés, bars, restaurants and shops. Rural and eco-tourism is also popular in the villages around the town. The most known company hailing from Aranđelovac is Knjaz Miloš, which produces the widely popular mineral water, as well as juices, pop, and energy drinks. The naturally carbonised mineral water is extracted from the wells over deep, lying under famous white marble of the Vencac mountain. Marble is exploited by ''Venčac'' company. This quality material from Venčac is used to build many statues displayed in the town sprawling central park built by number of international sculptors. Company ''Šamot'' produces high temperature materials from the local deposits of aluminosilicates, while ''Elektroporcelan'' produces electrical and thermal insulation ceramics. Company ''Peštan'' specializes in PVC products. ''Kubršnica'' is the well known brick and building material factory. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):


Tourism


Bukovička Banja

Aranđelovac is well known for the springs of remedial sparkling mineral water. Dositej Obradović, author, educator and a leader of the Serbian Enlightenment movement, brought the springs to the public spotlight by frequenting the spa in the late 18th and early 19th century. In 1809 he wrote that "he sleeps good when he drinks the Bukovik mineral water". Folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić mentioned two sources of "sour (or acid) water" (which is a Serbian name for carbonated mineral water) in Serbia: "one sour at Asan-paša Palanka" and one "sour again, in Bukovik". By personal request of prince Miloš Obrenović, the water from Bukovik mineral springs was transported and used at his court, so the villagers began to transport the water to Belgrade by the bullock carts. The caravan travelled nine hours to
Kragujevac Kragujevac ( sr-Cyrl, Крагујевац, ) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the Šumadija District. It is the historical centre of the geographical region of Šumadija in central Serbia, and is situated on ...
and thirteen hours to
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 mi ...
. After the railroad was constructed through Belgrade in 1884, the water was shipped to Budapest, Vienna, London, etc. Hand-bottling of the mineral water for commercial use began at the beginning of the 20th century, and through the decades to come to receive the highest international honors for quality, including the fairs in Brussels (1906) and London (1907), when it was declared the mineral water of highest quality. A promotional photo of guys and girls in a boat on the lake of mineral water became famous throughout Europe.


Pavilion of Prince Miloš

In 1907 the Pavilion of Prince Miloš was built atop one of the oldest discovered springs. The pavilion was projected by architect Branko Tanazević and was the one of the first buildings in Serbia made with
reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low ultimate tensile strength, tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion ...
. It was built in the
Vienna Secession The Vienna Secession (german: Wiener Secession; also known as ''the Union of Austrian Artists'', or ''Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Österreichs'') is an art movement, closely related to Art Nouveau, that was formed in 1897 by a group of Austri ...
style and consisted of three sections. The mineral water spring was in the central part, bottling facility was in the northern wing, while there was a pastry shop in the southern wing. The southern wing was originally a
veranda A veranda or verandah is a roofed, open-air gallery or porch, attached to the outside of a building. A veranda is often partly enclosed by a railing and frequently extends across the front and sides of the structure. Although the form ''vera ...
with a
colonnade In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curv ...
. Later, it was walled in order to enlarge the indoors of the building, and to mimic the opposing, northern wing. In the mid-1960s, the pavilion was adapted into an art gallery. After the pavilion was damaged during the 2014 Southeast Europe floods it was renovated from September 2015 to June 2016. The aim of the project was not just the reconstruction and moist and water protection, but the restoration of the original appearance of the edifice. As no original plans survived, the object was re-measured and the old postcards were used. During the reconstruction of the floor, the original staircase with the ceramic tiles was discovered. It leads to the original bottling location, as all the springs used to be below the surface. Today they are all on the ground level. The old staircase, not being included in the project as no one knew about it, was covered again. The southern wing was restored to the original veranda look, but it was glassed with transparent glass. The mineral water is still available in the central part, only now it is conducted from all neighboring springs. Southern wing still hosts the gallery and a small museum of Bukovička Banja. The reconstruction project was awarded the 2018
Europa Nostra Europa Nostra (Italian for "Our Europe") is a pan-European Federation for Cultural Heritage, representing citizens' organisations that work on safeguarding Europe's cultural and natural heritage. It is the voice of this movement to relevant intern ...
Award, European Union prize for cultural heritage.


Park

The beautiful park of Bukovička Banja Spa shares the popularity with Aranđelovac mineral water. It encompasses the area of 21.5 ha with the permanent exhibition of marble figures of the most eminent domestic (ex-Yugoslavian) and foreign authors, a product of the 30-year tradition of the festival Mermer i zvuci. All the events take place in the summer open scene in the park, or in the Sala Kneževa, in the Staro Zdanje hotel. This 150-year-old hotel is situated in the park itself, and its original purpose was the summer residence for the
Obrenović dynasty The House of Obrenović ( sr-Cyrl, Обрeновић, Obrenovići / Обреновићи, ) was a Serbian dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1815 to 1842, and again from 1858 to 1903. They came to power through the leadership of their progenitor ...
. The Pavilion of Prince Miloš and several mineral water springs are also situated in the park. The mineral water is used in the Spa together with clay from the local area in curing diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the liver and the biliary system, respiratory diseases, and locomotor organs. The flag-bearer of the tourism in the town, the luxurious hotel and spa resort Izvor is located adjacent to the park. In addition to accommodation for its guests, the hotel offers congress, spa and wellness services.


Other

The Aranđelovac municipality area also bears historical importance.
First Serbian Uprising The First Serbian Uprising ( sr, Prvi srpski ustanak, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; tr, Birinci Sırp Ayaklanması) was an uprising of Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 18 ...
against the Turks in 1804 started in the village of Orašac ( from the town). A complex in Marićevića Jaruga in Orašac memorizes the location where the rebellion started. February 15, the day of uprising, is celebrated as the day the modern Serbian state is founded. away from Aranđelovac is the accumulation Lake Garaši, Aranđelovac’s supply of water. The lake encompasses , its deepest point is at , it is rich in fish and it is the town’s anglers' favourite fishing location. Aranđelovac Museum has a permanent exhibition of various items from the Neolith Risovačka Cave, which is located at the very entrance of the town.


Gallery

File:Венчац.jpg, ''Mountain Venčac'' File:Bukulja.jpg, ''Mountain Bukulja Forrest'' File:02-Maja Stosic-Jezero Garasi.jpg, ''Lake Garaši'' File:L'église orthodoxe d'Arandjelovac.jpg, ''Orthodox Church in Aranđelovac'' File:Crkva Svetog Arhangela Gavrila u Arandjelovcu 01.jpg, ''Church of St. Archangel Gavrilo'' File:Orasac 2016 01.jpg, '' Orašac'' File:Orasac skola.jpg, ''Orašac School Building'' File:Аранђеловац са Букуље.JPG, ''Aranđelovac town panorama'' File:Aranđelovac, Hotel Izvor - panoramio.jpg, ''Hotel Izvor'' File:Aranđelovac, fontana u banji - panoramio.jpg, ''Town park fountain'' File:Aranđelovac, Staro zdanje - panoramio.jpg, ''Staro zdanje Building''


International relations


Twin towns — sister cities

Aranđelovac is twinned with: *
Ptuj Ptuj (; german: Pettau, ; la, Poetovium/Poetovio) is a town in northeastern Slovenia that is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Ptuj, the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman ...
,
Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...


Notes


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Arandelovac Populated places in Šumadija District Šumadija Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia