Antoniotto Botta Adorno. Antoniotto Botta Adorno, also Anton Otto Marchese Botta d'Adorno (

Castelletto di Branduzzo Castelletto di Branduzzo is a '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about south of Milan and about southwest of Pavia. Castelletto di Branduzzo borders the following municipalities: Bastida ...

, 1688 -

Torre d'Isola Torre d'Isola is a '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 km south of Milan and about 6 km northwest of Pavia. As of 30 June 2008, it had a population of 2,276 and an area ...

, 29 December 1774) was a high officer of the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

and a plenipotentiary of the

Austrian Netherlands The Austrian Netherlands nl, Oostenrijkse Nederlanden; french: Pays-Bas Autrichiens; german: Österreichische Niederlande; la, Belgium Austriacum. was the territory of the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire between 1714 and 1797. The pe ...

Biography

He was born in Branduzzo,

Lombardy (man), (woman) lmo, lumbard, links=no (man), (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , ...

, to a noble family from

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

whose members included seven

doge A doge ( , ; plural dogi or doges) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as " crowned republics". Etymology The ...

s of that city. His mother had an alleged love affair with King

Philip V of Spain Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724, and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign of 45 years is the longest in the history of the Spanish mo ...

. A year after his birth his father, accused of an attempted coup, was expelled from the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the La ...

. In 1700 Antoniotto's father died, and, as the family fiefs went to his elder brother Alessandro, he chose a military career. He distinguished himself during the

Siege of Belgrade (1717) The siege of Belgrade was a successful attempt by Austrian troops under the command of Prince Eugene of Savoy to capture the strategically important city of Belgrade from the Ottoman Empire. It took place during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian ...

, where he fought alongside

Eugene of Savoy Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano, (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) better known as Prince Eugene, was a field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries. He ...

. Promoted subsequently as lieutenant colonel, general and marshal, he received the supreme command of Austrian troops in northern Italy during the

War of Austrian Succession War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...

. In 1746 he led the Austro-Savoyard right wing in the victorious

Battle of Piacenza The Battle of Piacenza was fought between a Franco-Spanish army and the Austrian army near Piacenza, in Northern Italy on June 16, 1746. It formed part of later operations in the War of the Austrian Succession. The result was a victory for ...

against the French-Spanish coalition. He succeeded the sick

Josef Wenzel, Prince of Liechtenstein Josef Wenzel I (Josef Wenzel Lorenz; 9 August 1696 – 10 February 1772), often referred to as just Wenzel, was the Prince of Liechtenstein between 1712 and 1718, and 1748 and 1772, as well as regent of Liechtenstein between 1732 and 1745. He fir ...

as Austrian Supreme Commander in Italy, and fought the retreating Franco-Spanish troops in the Battle of Rottofredo. On 7 September the same year, after occupying Genoa, he became Austrian governor of the city. He taxed

so hard (''Ai Genovesi non lascerò altro che gli occhi per piangere''; ''I will leave the Genoese only their eyes to weep''), that he was chased on 5 December by a popular revolt led by

Balilla ''Balilla'' was the nickname of Giovanni Battista Perasso (1735–1781), a Genoese boy who started the revolt of 1746 against the Habsburg forces that occupied the city in the War of the Austrian Succession by throwing a stone at an Austria ...

. Having lost the city, he was relieved of all military commands for the rest of the war. In 1749, a year after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, he became plenipotentiary of the

under

Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine (french: Charles Alexandre Emanuel, Prince de Lorraine; german: Karl Alexander von Lothringen und Bar; 12 December 1712 in Lunéville – 4 July 1780 in Tervuren) was a Lorraine-born Austrian general ...

. He reformed the army and tried to improve the conditions of the country. Four years later, in 1753, he stepped down from his office in the Austrian Netherlands. Count Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl (1712–1770) became his successor as minister plenipotentiary in Brussels. Adorno returned to

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

and became prime minister of the

Grand Duchy of Tuscany The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( it, Granducato di Toscana; la, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In th ...

. In 1762 he was appointed as ambassador at

Catherine II of Russia , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...

's court. Three years later he became regent of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after the death of emperor

Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...

. After his assignment in Tuscany, he returned to

Pavia Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the ...

, where, thanks to the large patrimony he had accumulated, he had his family's palace in the city (

Palazzo Botta The Palazzo Botta or Botta Adorno is a Neoclassical-style palace with a long facade along Via Lanfranco and Piazza Botta Adorno Antoniotto in the town of Pavia, region of Lombardy, Italy. Once the family home of the aristocratic Botta family, ...

) enlarged and had a villa built in Torre d'Isola in the Pavia countryside. He died at

, near

, in 1774.

References

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Botta Adorno, Antoniotto Nobility from Naples Botta Adorno, Antoniotto 18th-century Italian people Diplomats of the Habsburg Monarchy 18th-century diplomats Generals of the Holy Roman Empire