Anton Pilgram (also Anton Pilchramb) (around 1460, Brno (?) – 1516,

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

) was a late medieval Moravian and subsequently Austrian architect and sculptor active in the area of today's

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

(

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The m ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

and western (Germany) Swabia. Pilgram is known as the sculptor of the portal of Old City Hall and St. James church in Brno and craftsman of the pulpit in

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna St. Stephen's Cathedral (german: Stephansdom) is the Mother Church#Cathedral, mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna and the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Christoph Schönborn, Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, Ordo Praedicato ...

. He spent a major part of his life in Brno,

Biography

He was born in Brno and later on probably trained stonemason in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, and following that, in 1481, he was invited to Heilbronn. His earliest work was a

chancel In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the choir and the sanctuary (sometimes called the presbytery), at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse. Ov ...

at the St Kilian Church in Heilbronn. However, research by Kaliopi Chamonikola, 2004, disputes the attribution of the design of the chancel to Pilgram. He created his early architectural works mainly in Swabia, Germany. He participated in the building of the St. George Church in

Schwieberdingen Schwieberdingen is a municipality of the Ludwigsburg district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The town itself is located about from Stuttgart, the state capital, and from Ludwigsburg, the district capital. Schwieberdingen belongs to the St ...

and St Lawrence Chapel in Rottweil. During his stay in Swabia, he became familiar with the works of Italian and German

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD ...

artists. Černá (2005), p. 70 He came back to Brno around 1495, and he worked there as a sculptor and stonemason at the St Jacob Church and Judentor (Jews' Gate, 1508). Among his most important works are wooden sculptures of Saint Peter Martyr and a Dominican saint, created around 1511, and particularly the portal of the Old City Hall (1512). In 1512 Pilgram became a cathedral builder of the St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. There he concentrated mainly on smaller architectonic forms, such as the cathedral pulpit (built from 1514 to 1515) and various relief sculptures. Pilgram probably died in Vienna around 1516.

Style

Anton Pilgram is considered to be one of the most talented descendants of

Nikolaus Gerhaert Nikolaus Gerhaert (c.1420 – 28 June 1473), also known as Nikolaus Gerhaert van Leyden, was a Dutch sculptor, although aside from his sculptures, few details are known of his life. He worked in both stone and wood. Biography Gerhaert is consi ...

of Leiden in Middle Europe. His figural sculptures express a high level of individuality, and are not entirely within medieval artistic expression. Czech art historian

Albert Kutal Albert Kutal (9 January 1904, Hranice na Moravě – 27 December 1976, Brno) was a Czech art historian of Moravian descent who established classifying principles of Central European Gothic sculpture as one of the first to study and analyse the me ...

indicated also possible influence of north

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( it, Rinascimento ) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Europe and marked the trans ...

sculpture and paintings by

Andrea Mantegna Andrea Mantegna (, , ; September 13, 1506) was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in orde ...

. According to preserved historical documents, Pilgram was a self-confident and contentious artist, who often asserted his artistic individuality against the will of guilds and other institutions.

Notes

References

External links

Současné teoretické přístupy k dílu Antona Pilgrama s důrazem na jeho tvorbu ve Vídni, na Moravě a na Slovensku – Thesis by Lucie Valdhansová (abstract)
* * ttp://www.encyklopedie.brna.cz/home-mmb/?acc=profil_osobnosti&load=4853 Encyclopedia of the City of Brno
Anton Pilgram
– Moravian Gallery
Anton Pilgram (úvahy k symbolice uměleckého díla)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilgram, Anton Gothic architects 1460 births 1516 deaths Gothic sculptors Catholic sculptors