Antiochus XIII Philadelphus, (

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

: Ἀντίοχος ΙΓ' Φιλάδελφος) known as Asiaticus, (Ἀσιατικός) was the penultimate ruler of the

Seleucid kingdom The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the M ...

Biography

He was son of king Antiochus X Eusebes and the Ptolemaic princess

Cleopatra Selene of Syria Cleopatra II Selene ( grc-gre, Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; – 69 BC) was the Queen consort of Egypt from 115 to 102 BC, the Queen consort of Syria from 102–92 BC, and the monarch of Syria from 82 to 69 BC. The daughter of Ptolemy VIII ...

, who acted as regent for Antiochus XIII after his father's death sometime between 92 and 85 BC. Some time after Tigranes had conquered Syria (83 BC), she traveled to

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

to have her sons recognized as kings of Egypt, but to no avail. However, between 75 BC and 73 BC, they were recognized as "Kings of Syria", and "maintained a royal state". Selene was eventually captured and killed by Tigranes. However, after the latter's defeat by Lucius Licinius Lucullus at the

Battle of Tigranocerta The Battle of Tigranocerta (, ''Tigranakerti tchakatamart'') was fought on 6 October 69 BC between the forces of the Roman Republic and the army of the Kingdom of Armenia led by King Tigranes the Great. The Roman force, led by Consul Lucius ...

, the residents of

Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...

hailed Antiochus XIII as king, and Lucullus approved his appointment as client ruler of Syria (69 BC). In 64 BC,

Pompey Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a leading Roman general and statesman. He played a significant role in the transformation of ...

had Antiochus XIII deposed and killed by a Syrian chieftain,

Sampsiceramus I Sampsiceramus I ( arc, 𐡔𐡌𐡔𐡂𐡓𐡌, Šamšigeram; died 48 BC) was the founding Priest-King of the Emesene dynasty who lived in the 1st century BC and was a tribal chieftain or Phylarch. Biography The ancestors of Sampsiceramus I were ...

.Appian, ''Syriaca'' VIII 49, XI 70, Justin, ''Historiarum Philippicarum T. Pompeii Trogi'' XL 2.2,

Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus, or Diodorus of Sicily ( grc-gre, Διόδωρος ; 1st century BC), was an ancient Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history '' Bibliotheca historica'', in forty books, fifteen of which ...

, ''Bibliotheca Historica'' XL 1a-b. Antiochus' death is traditionally said to have ended the

Seleucid dynasty The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae (from el, Σελευκίδαι, ') was a Macedonian Greek royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator, which ruled the Seleucid Empire centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earl ...

, but he was survived by

Philip II Philoromaeus Philip II Philoromaeus ( grc, Φίλιππος ὁ Φιλορωμαῖος, "Friend of the Romans") or Barypous (Βαρύπους, "Heavy-foot"), a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, was the son of the Seleucid king Philip I Philadelphus, ...

for a short time and by

Seleucus VII Philometor Seleucus VII Philometor ( grc-gre, Φιλομήτωρ) or Kybiosactes ( grc-gre, Κυβιοσάκτης), was a ruler of the Seleucid kingdom based in Syria. But his existence is disputed. Biography King of Syria The last members of the once mig ...

until 58 BC, if the latter is identified with same prince who briefly married

Berenice IV Berenice IV Epiphaneia ( grc-gre, Βερενίκη; 77–55 BC, born and died in Alexandria, Egypt) was a Greek princess and Queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty. From 58–55 BC, Berenice IV ruled Egypt during the political exile of her father Ptolemy ...

of Egypt.

Notes

References

* Peter Green, ''Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age'' (1990), pp. 552, 553, 658, 659 *

Edwyn R. Bevan Edwyn Robert Bevan OBE, FBA (15 February 1870 in London – 18 October 1943 in London) was a versatile British philosopher and historian of the Hellenistic world. Life Edwyn Robert Bevan was the fourteenth of sixteen children of Robert Cooper ...

, ''The House of Seleucus'' (1902), p. 263 * *

External links

Antiocus XIII Asiaticus
entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
Intaglio representing Antiochus XIII
Numéro d'inventaire: camée.156 {{DEFAULTSORT:Asiaticus, Antiochus XIII 64 BC deaths 1st-century BC Seleucid rulers Antiochus 13 1st-century BC rulers in Asia Year of birth missing Antiochus 13

Biography

See also

Notes

References

External links