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"Anthem of Europe" is the anthem of both the European Union (EU) and Council of Europe. It is used to represent both the European Union and the whole of Europe; its purpose is to honour shared European values. The EU describes it as expressing the ideals of freedom, peace and solidarity.
It is based on "Ode to Joy" from the final Movement (music), movement of Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), 9th Symphony composed in 1823. The anthem is played on official occasions such as political or civil events.
Friedrich Schiller wrote the poem "Ode to Joy, An die Freude" ("To Joy") in 1785 as a "celebration of the brotherhood of man". In later life, the poet was contemptuous of this popularity and dismissed the poem as typical of "the bad taste of the age" in which it had been written. After Schiller's death, the poem provided the words for the choral movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), 9th Symphony.
In 1971 the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe decided to propose adopting the prelude to the "Ode to Joy" from Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), 9th Symphony as the anthem, taking up a suggestion made by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1955. Beethoven was generally seen as the natural choice for a European anthem. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe officially announced the European Anthem on 19 January 1972 at Strasbourg: the prelude to "Ode to Joy", 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony.
Conductor Herbert von Karajan was asked to write three instrumental arrangementsfor solo piano, for wind instruments and for symphony orchestra and he conducted the performance used to make the official recording. He wrote his decisions on the score, notably those concerning the tempo. Karajan decided on Half note, minim (half note) = 80 whereas Beethoven had written Quarter note, crotchet (quarter note) = 120.Marten Noorduin (in
Early Music, Volume 49:1, February 2021, pages 129ff)
gives Beethoven and the metronome, Beethoven's mark as minim = 80 for the initial statement, and semibreve = 88 for the concluding prestissimo--> The anthem was launched via a major information campaign on Europe Day in 1972. In 1985, it was adopted by EU heads of state and government as the official anthem of the then European Communitysince 1993 the European Union. It is not intended to replace the national anthems of the member states but rather to celebrate the values they all share and their unity in diversity. It expresses the ideals of a united Europe: freedom, peace, and solidarity. It was to have been included in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, European Constitution along with the other European symbols; however, the treaty failed ratification and was replaced by the Treaty of Lisbon, which does not include any symbols. A declaration was attached to the treaty, in which sixteen member states formally recognised the proposed symbols. In response, the European Parliament decided that it would make greater use of the anthem, for example at official occasions. In October 2008, the Parliament changed its rules of procedure to have the anthem played at the opening of Parliament after elections and at formal sittings.
''Beethoven's Ninth: A Political History''
Esteban Buch (Trans. Richard Miller), (University of Chicago Press)
(mp3 available there)
– CVCE website
– European Commission website * , Latin lyrics by P. Roland * , P. Roland's Latin lyrics in the English translation by Basil Billow {{DEFAULTSORT:Anthem of Europe Symbols of the European Union Council of Europe European anthems, Europe Anthems of organizations
History
Friedrich Schiller wrote the poem "Ode to Joy, An die Freude" ("To Joy") in 1785 as a "celebration of the brotherhood of man". In later life, the poet was contemptuous of this popularity and dismissed the poem as typical of "the bad taste of the age" in which it had been written. After Schiller's death, the poem provided the words for the choral movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), 9th Symphony.
In 1971 the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe decided to propose adopting the prelude to the "Ode to Joy" from Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), 9th Symphony as the anthem, taking up a suggestion made by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1955. Beethoven was generally seen as the natural choice for a European anthem. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe officially announced the European Anthem on 19 January 1972 at Strasbourg: the prelude to "Ode to Joy", 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony.
Conductor Herbert von Karajan was asked to write three instrumental arrangementsfor solo piano, for wind instruments and for symphony orchestra and he conducted the performance used to make the official recording. He wrote his decisions on the score, notably those concerning the tempo. Karajan decided on Half note, minim (half note) = 80 whereas Beethoven had written Quarter note, crotchet (quarter note) = 120.Marten Noorduin (in
Early Music, Volume 49:1, February 2021, pages 129ff)gives Beethoven and the metronome, Beethoven's mark as minim = 80 for the initial statement, and semibreve = 88 for the concluding prestissimo--> The anthem was launched via a major information campaign on Europe Day in 1972. In 1985, it was adopted by EU heads of state and government as the official anthem of the then European Communitysince 1993 the European Union. It is not intended to replace the national anthems of the member states but rather to celebrate the values they all share and their unity in diversity. It expresses the ideals of a united Europe: freedom, peace, and solidarity. It was to have been included in the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, European Constitution along with the other European symbols; however, the treaty failed ratification and was replaced by the Treaty of Lisbon, which does not include any symbols. A declaration was attached to the treaty, in which sixteen member states formally recognised the proposed symbols. In response, the European Parliament decided that it would make greater use of the anthem, for example at official occasions. In October 2008, the Parliament changed its rules of procedure to have the anthem played at the opening of Parliament after elections and at formal sittings.
Usage
"Ode to Joy" is the anthem of the Council of Europe, Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union, European Union (EU). In the context of the CoE, the anthem is used to represent all of Europe. In the context of the EU, the anthem is used to represent the union and its people. It is used on occasions such as Europe Day and formal events such as the signing of treaties. The European Parliament seeks to make greater use of the music; then-President of the European Parliament, Parliament President Hans-Gert Pöttering stated he was moved when the anthem was played for him on his visit to Israel and ought to be used in Europe more often. The German public radio station Deutschlandfunk has broadcast the anthem together with the Deutschlandlied shortly before midnight since New Year's Eve 2006. The two anthems were specially recorded by the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra in versions characterized by "modesty and intensity". At the 2007 Signing of the Treaty of Lisbon, signing ceremony for the Treaty of Lisbon, the Plenipotentiary, plenipotentiaries of the European Union's twenty-seven member states stood in attendance while the "Ode to Joy" was played and a choir of 26 Portuguese children sang the original German lyrics. In 2008 it was used by Kosovo as Europe (anthem), its national anthem until it adopted its own, and it was played at 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, its declaration of independence, as a nod to the EU's role in its independence from Serbia. "Ode to Joy", automatically orchestrated in seven different styles, was used on 18 June 2015 during the ceremony celebrating the 5000th ERC grantee as anthem of the European Research Council to represent achievements of European research. "Ode to Joy" is used as the theme song to the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, 2016 UEFA Euro qualifying and the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA), European qualifying of the 2018 FIFA World Cup football competition at the introduction of every match. In 2017, members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from the Scottish National Party first whistled and then sang "Ode to Joy" during a vote at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons to protest against Brexit. In 2018, the anthem of Japan and the anthem of the EU were performed in Tokyo during the official signing of the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement. The European anthem is often played at the signing of official economic or political agreements with foreign governments.Unofficial lyrics
While the anthem has no official lyrics, unofficial Latin language, Latin lyrics have been written and translated into all of the EU's official languages.https://www.hymnus-europae.at/hymnus-europae/Notes
External links
''Beethoven's Ninth: A Political History''
Esteban Buch (Trans. Richard Miller), (University of Chicago Press)
(mp3 available there)
– CVCE website
– European Commission website * , Latin lyrics by P. Roland * , P. Roland's Latin lyrics in the English translation by Basil Billow {{DEFAULTSORT:Anthem of Europe Symbols of the European Union Council of Europe European anthems, Europe Anthems of organizations