António Joaquim Granjo (27 December 1881 – 19 October 1921; ) was a

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

lawyer and

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking ...

who served twice as

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

during 1920 and 1921, until his assassination.

Biography

Granjo was born in Chaves.Already a committed

republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

from his youth, well before the 1910 overthrow of the monarchy, he became a member of the National Constituent Assembly, elected on 28 May 1911. He gave up his constituency in order to join the army; during Portuguese participation in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, he saw combat himself, and upon returning home he wrote a book about his battle experiences. After President

Sidónio Pais Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (; 1 May 1872 – 14 December 1918) was a Portuguese politician, military officer, and diplomat, who served as the fourth president of the First Portuguese Republic in 1918. One of the most di ...

was shot dead, Granjo took action against the ''

Monarchy of the North The Monarchy of the North ( pt, Monarquia do Norte), officially the Kingdom of Portugal (), was a short-lived counter-revolution against the First Portuguese Republic and a monarchist government that occurred in Northern Portugal in early 1919. ...

'', an attempt to restore a royalist regime in the north of Portugal, in 1919. He was President of the Municipal Chamber of Chaves, from February to July 1919. That same year he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, by the

Evolutionist Party The Republican Evolutionist Party ( pt, Partido Republicano Evolucionista, PRE), commonly known as the Evolutionist Party, was a political party in Portugal led by António José de Almeida. History The party was established on 24 February 1912 ...

, later being a founder of its successor movement, the Republican Liberal Party. Minister of Justice during Domingos Pereira's coalition government, he served two brief terms as

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

, the first time, from 19 July to 20 November 1920, in a liberal government. Afterwards he was nominated Prime Minister again, to take the place of another liberal,

Tomé de Barros Queirós Tomé José de Barros Queirós (Thomé José de Barros Queiroz in Portuguese; 2 February 1872 in Ílhavo – 5 May 1925 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese trader, capitalist and politician of the period of the Portuguese First Republic. Among oth ...

, on 30 August 1921.

Assassination

During the infamous " Bloody Night" in Lisbon, on 19 October 1921, Granjo was assassinated. The political affiliation of his murderers' instigators is still a matter of dispute. That same night, two other prominent republicans of moderately right-wing sympathies, António Machado Santos (widely known as the founder of the republic) and José Carlos da Maia, also died.

Distinctions

National orders

PRT Military Order of Aviz - Officer BAR

Officer of the

Military Order of Aviz The Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz ( pt, Ordem Militar de São Bento de Avis, ), previously to 1910 ''Royal Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz'' ( pt, Real Ordem Militar de São Bento de Avis), previously to 1789 ''Knights'' (of ...

(24 June 1919)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Granjo, Antonio 1881 births 1921 deaths People from Chaves, Portugal Evolutionist Party politicians Republican Liberal Party (Portugal) politicians Prime Ministers of Portugal Finance ministers of Portugal Government ministers of Portugal 20th-century Portuguese lawyers Assassinated Portuguese politicians People murdered in Portugal Deaths by firearm in Portugal 1921 murders in Portugal Officers of the Order of Aviz